14 research outputs found

    Le XXIIIe CongrÚs mondial de l'IUFRO à Séoul : Sustaining Society and the environnement ? Un bilan vu par les étudiants impliqués au sein de l'IFSA

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    A number of French students who are members of the International Forestry Students Association (IFSA) were part of the delegation that attended the 23rd world congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) for 23 to 28 August 2010 in Seoul, South Korea. This article describes the content and main results of this important congress for forestry research, presenting the authors’ views on various subjects they consider important.Des Ă©tudiants français membres de l’Association internationale des Ă©tudiants forestiers (IFSA) ont fait partie de la dĂ©lĂ©gation qui s’est rendue au 23e congrĂšs mondial de l’Union internationale des instituts de recherches forestiĂšres (IUFRO) du 23 au 28 aoĂ»t 2010 Ă  SĂ©oul en CorĂ©e du Sud. Cet article dĂ©crit le contenu et les principaux rĂ©sultats de cet important congrĂšs pour la recherche forestiĂšre et donne le point de vue des auteurs sur divers sujets qui leur tiennent Ă  coeur

    Discrete semiparametric regression models with associated kernel and applications

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    A generalized self-thinning relationship for multi-species and mixed-size forests

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    Introduction: The self-thinning relationship established by Reineke in 1933 assumes a relationship between the number of stems and the quadratic mean diameter in fully stocked pure stands. This rule is extensively used for management purposes, but it has been initially calibrated for pure, even-aged stands for relatively few species. Objectives: Here, we extend this relationship to mixed-species and mixed-size forests through a generalized modeling approach. Reineke’s rule can be seen as a particular case of this generalized approach. Resource sharing is taken as a starting point; thus, both site fertility and diameter heterogeneity are taken into account. Discussion: Calibration on actual inventories is made on a dataset of 82 French stands. The theoretical relationship is successfully adjusted for species in which enough data were available, namely, common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus petraea [Mattuschka] Liebl and Quercus robur L.), and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst). Conclusion: Self-thinning exponents obtained for beech and oak (1.86 and 1.76, respectively) can be used in the mixed-species equation that we developed. These results encourage calibrating the parameters for other species if appropriate data are available

    Une rencontre europĂ©enne organisĂ©e par les Ă©tudiants de l’IFSA : implication dans le plan d’action forestier et l’éducation forestiĂšre

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    Students at ENGREF Nancy who are members of IFSA (International Forestry Students’ Association) organised an international meeting from 10th to 12th May, 2007, bringing together 26 student organizations from all over Europe. 120 people met for lectures and discussion on topical issues relevant to European forests such as competitiveness of the forest-based industries, dendroenergy, changes in forest-based trades, climate change, forest certification, hunting, governance, public awareness-building and student exchanges on a European scale. This event was an unique opportunity for many people to speak about European issues using English to compare notes and share ideas.Les Ă©lĂšves de l’ENGREF Nancy, membres de l’IFSA (International Forestry Students’ Association), ont organisĂ© du 10 au 12 mai 2007 une rencontre internationale rĂ©unissant 26 organisations Ă©tudiantes de l’Europe entiĂšre. PrĂšs de 120 personnes se sont retrouvĂ©es autour de confĂ©rences et dĂ©bats sur des thĂšmes d’actualitĂ© pour la forĂȘt en Europe, tels que la compĂ©titivitĂ© du secteur forestier, le bois-Ă©nergie, les changements dans les mĂ©tiers forestiers, les changements climatiques, la certification forestiĂšre, la chasse, la gouvernance, la sensibilisation du public et les Ă©changes d’étudiants Ă  travers l’Europe. Cette rencontre a Ă©tĂ© l’occasion pour beaucoup de parler en anglais sur des sujets d’intĂ©rĂȘt europĂ©en, dans un cadre d’échange et de partage des points de vue

    A unique data base in France for individual tree volumes and biomass for use in all-purpose models of wood energy

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    A base for volume and biomass data of the aerial woody compartments of individual trees was constituted under the ANR EMERGE (French acronym for ‘designing models for a robust, all-purpose estimation of wood energy’) project by seven bodies involved in forest research and management in France (ONF, INRA, Cemagref, IFN, FCBA, CNPF and CIRAD) so as to come up with a robust model of woody resources in forests. These measurements, taken for various logging diameters, sometimes down to the slenderest branches, have been performed since the beginning of the 20th century forming a unique data base in France. The data cover a broad range of age groups, sizes, species, stand structures and environmental factors (soil, climate). Of particular interest is the distribution of the available data in relation to French resources as estimated in the National Forest Inventory so as to use sampling campaigns to collect missing information under the EMERGE project. Another significant feature is the potential for designing robust, all-purpose models of volumes and biomass for various logging diameters depending on species, stage of development, geographic gradients, variations in silvicultural practises and possible effect of date of measurement.Une base de donnĂ©es de volumes et biomasses de compartiments ligneux aĂ©riens d’arbres individuels a Ă©tĂ© rassemblĂ©e dans le cadre du projet ANR EMERGE (Élaboration de modĂšles pour une estimation robuste et gĂ©nĂ©rique du bois Ă©nergie), par sept organismes d’étude et de gestion de la forĂȘt en France (ONF, INRA, Cemagref, IFN, FCBA, CNPF et CIRAD), afin de modĂ©liser de façon robuste la ressource ligneuse forestiĂšre. Ces mesures dĂ©taillĂ©es selon diffĂ©rents niveaux de dĂ©coupe, parfois jusqu’aux plus fines branches, rĂ©alisĂ©es depuis le dĂ©but du XXe siĂšcle, reprĂ©sentent une base de donnĂ©es unique en France. Les donnĂ©es couvrent de larges gammes d’ñge, de taille, d’essences et structures de peuplements, ainsi que les facteurs environnementaux (sol, climat). On s’intĂ©resse particuliĂšrement Ă  la distribution des donnĂ©es disponibles par rapport Ă  la ressource française estimĂ©e par l’IFN, afin de combler d’éventuelles lacunes lors des campagnes d’échantillonnage prĂ©vues dans le cadre du projet EMERGE ainsi qu’à la possibilitĂ© d’une modĂ©lisation robuste et gĂ©nĂ©rique des volumes et biomasses Ă  diffĂ©rentes dĂ©coupes par rapport aux espĂšces, aux stades de dĂ©veloppement, aux gradients gĂ©ographiques, aux variations sylvicoles, et en s’affranchissant d’un Ă©ventuel effet de la date de mesure

    Estimation harmonisée du volume de tige à différentes découpes

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    National audienceLe volume tige, on connaĂźt... mais pour quelle dĂ©coupe, quelle essence, quelle rĂ©gion voire forĂȘt ? Comment assurer des estimations cohĂ©rentes Ă  large Ă©chelle ? Comment anticiper l’évolution des usages, avec des spĂ©cifications (dĂ©coupe
) de plus en plus variables ? La solution : un modĂšle unique paramĂ©trĂ© par essence (ou groupe d’essences), calĂ© sur le volume total, valable partout et modulable selon la dĂ©coupe. Vous en doutez ? EMERGE l’a fait ! En introduisant une nouvelle « entrĂ©e », la hauteur de dĂ©crochement. Attention : pour bien comprendre cet article, il faut avoir lu le prĂ©cĂ©dent

    Design and characterization of a single photoelectron calibration system for the NectarCAM camera of the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

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    International audienceIn this work, we describe the optical properties of the single photoelectron (SPE) calibration system designed for NectarCAM, a camera proposed for the Medium Sized Telescopes (MST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). One of the goals of the SPE system, as integral part of the NectarCAM camera, consists in measuring with high accuracy the gain of its photo-detection chain. The SPE system is based on a white painted screen where light pulses are injected through a fishtail light guide from a dedicated flasher. The screen – placed 15 mm away from the focal plane – is mounted on an XY motorization that allows movements over all the camera plane. This allows in-situ measurements of the SPE spectra via a complete scan of the 1855 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) of NectarCAM. This calibration process will enable the reduction of the systematic uncertainties on the energy reconstruction of γ -rays coming from distant astronomical sources and detected by CTA.We discuss the design of the screen used in the calibration system and we present its optical performances in terms of light homogeneity and timing of the signal

    Annuaire du CollĂšge de France 2015-2016

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    La 116e Ă©dition de l’Annuaire du CollĂšge de France reflĂšte l’activitĂ© scientifique de l’institution pour l’annĂ©e acadĂ©mique 2015-2016. Elle contient notamment les rĂ©sumĂ©s dĂ©taillĂ©s des enseignements ainsi qu’une prĂ©sentation des recherches menĂ©es par les professeurs du CollĂšge de France, leurs laboratoires et Ă©quipes de recherche
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