Genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in San Luis Potosí, México

"Background Although epidemiologic and socioeconomic criteria and biomedical risk factors indicate high-priority for tuberculosis (TB) control in Mexico, molecular epidemiology studies of the disease in the country are scarce. Methods Complete sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from 248 of the 432 pulmonary TB (PTB) cases confirmed from 2006 to 2010 on the population under epidemiological surveillance in the state of San Luis Potosí, México. From most PTB cases with complete data Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates were recovered and their spoligotypes, lineages and families, geographic distribution and drug resistance determined. Results Pulmonary tuberculosis incidence ranged from 2.4 to 33.4 (cases per 100,000 inhabitants) in the six state sanitary jurisdictions that were grouped in regions of low (jurisdictions I-II-III), intermediate (jurisdictions IV-V) and high incidence (jurisdiction VI) with 6.2, 17.3 and 33.4 rates, respectively. Most patients were poor, 50-years-median-age males and housewives. Among the 237 MTC spoligotyped isolates, 232 corresponded to M. tuberculosis (104 spoligotypes in 24 clusters) and five to M. bovis. The predominant Euro-American lineage was distributed all over the state, the East-Asian lineage (Beijing family) in the capital city, the Indo-Oceanic (Manila family) in eastern localities, and M. bovis in rural localities. Conclusions In San Luis Potosí TB affects mainly poor male adults and is caused by M. tuberculosis and to a minor extent by M. bovis. There is great genotypic diversity among M. tuberculosis strains, the Euro-American lineage being much more prevalent than the Indo-Oceanic and East-Asian lineages. The frequency of resistant strains is relatively low and not associated to any particular lineage.

Síntesis de aminocompuestos y compuestos heterociclícos enantioméricamente puros derivados de a-aminoácidos

En esta memoria se describen nuevas aplicaciones sintéticas de alfa-amino-alfa'-clorocetonas derivadas de alfa-aminoácidos naturales, dedicando especial atención a la preparación de compuestos heterocíclicos enantioméricamente puros y de forma diastereoselectiva. En el primer capítulo se describe la síntesis de dos amino-bis-epóxidos ópticamente activos que presentan simetría pseudo-c2 y que son enantiómeros entre sí, a partir de la l-serina, así como la preparación de distintos compuestos quirales altamente funcionalizados. En el segundo capítulo se estudia la adición de diferentes enolatos de ésteres a alfa-amino-alfa'-clorocetonas n,n-dibenciladas anantioméricamente puras. Dependiendo de las condiciones de reacción, se puede acceder de manera altamente diastereoselectiva a cloruros de azetidinio o a beta,gamma-epoxiésteres funcionalizados sin racemización. Estos epoxiésteres se transforman posteriormente en distintos tipos de gamma-butirolactonas ópticamente activas, a través de diferentes procesos de apertura y cierre de heterociclos. En el tercer y último capítulo se recogen, en primer lugar, la síntesis de alfa-aminocetiminas enantioméricamente puras mediante la transformación de alfa-amino-alfa'-clorocetonas en las correspondientes cetiminas. En la segunda parte de este capítulo se estudia la reducción de las alfa-aminocetiminas preparadas, lo que permite obtener aminoaziridinas quirales con altas diastereoselectividades. Por último, se describen los primeros resultados acerca de la reactividad de las aminoaziridinas anteriores, tales como la apertura regioselectiva con diferentes nucleófilos, accediendo así a diaminas funcionalizadas

Preparation of penta-azole containing cyclopeptides: challenges in macrocyclization

Herein is described the synthesis of several analogs of the natural product IB-01211 from concatenated azoles, via a biomimetic pathway based on cyclization-oxidation of serine containing peptides combined with the Hantzsch synthesis. The macrocyclization of rigid peptide compounds 1 and 2 to give IB-01211 and its epimer 12b was explored, and the results are compared here to those previously obtained for the macrocyclization of more flexible structures in the syntheses of YM-216391, telomestatin, and IB-01211. Lastly, the preliminary results of anti-tumor activity screening of the synthesized analogs are discussed

Preparation of penta-azole containing cyclopeptides: challenges in macrocyclization

Herein is described the synthesis of several analogs of the natural product IB-01211 from concatenated azoles, via a biomimetic pathway based on cyclization-oxidation of serine containing peptides combined with the Hantzsch synthesis. The macrocyclization of rigid peptide compounds 1 and 2 to give IB-01211 and its epimer 12b was explored, and the results are compared here to those previously obtained for the macrocyclization of more flexible structures in the syntheses of YM-216391, telomestatin, and IB-01211. Lastly, the preliminary results of anti-tumor activity screening of the synthesized analogs are discussed