Professional Concerns

Because most states now require that all prospective teachers must have formal instruction in the teaching of reading in order to qualify for certification, the reading teacher must be prepared (1) to justify the requirement and (2) to teach the sort of course which will be valuable to students in a broad diversity of subject areas. In the article which follows. Professor Billie Jo Rieck of West Liberty State College in West Liberty, West Virginia offers a workable method for presenting the required course in the teaching of reading to the broad variety of students who pass through it. Professor Rieck\u27s method is practical and easily workable. It requires no great outlay of money. It involves teacher trainees directly in school experiences related to the teaching of reading. It is the sort of program which many teacher training institutions might adapt to their own purposes

VLBI time-transfer using CONT08 data

One important prerequisite for geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the use of frequency standards with excellent short term stability, i.e. hydrogen masers. This makes VLBI stations, which are often co-located with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiving stations, interesting for studies of time- and frequency-transfer techniques. In this paper we present an assessment of VLBI time-transfer based on the data of the two week long consecutive IVS Cont08 VLBI-campaign by using GPS Carrier Phase (GPSCP). Cont08 was a 15 days long campaign in August 2008 that involved eleven VLBI stations on five continents. For Cont08 we estimated the worst case VLBI time link stability between the station clocks of ONSALA and WETTZELL to about 1.5e-15 at one day. Comparisons with clock differences estimated with GPSCP confirm the VLBI results. The paper also indicates time-transfer related problems of the VLBI technique as used today. \ua9 2010 IEEE

Classifying Annihilating-Ideal Graphs of Commutative Artinian Rings

In this article we investigate the annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring, introduced by Behboodi and Rakeei in [BR11a]. Our main goal is to determine which algebraic properties of a ring are reflected in its annihilating-ideal graph. We prove that, for artinian rings, the annihilating-ideal graph can be used to determine whether the ring in question is a PIR or, more generally, if it is a dual ring. Moreover, with one trivial exception, the annihilating-ideal graph can distinguish between PIRs with different ideal lattices. In addition, we explore new techniques for classifying small annihilating-ideal graphs. Consequently, we completely determine the graphs with 6 or fewer vertices which can be realized as the annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring

Fractionation of MG Isotopes between the Sun’s Photosphere and the Solar Wind

The Genesis mission goal is to precisely determine the elemental and isotopic composition of the solar photosphere through measurements of solar wind; the photospheric composition being a proxy for the early solar nebula. So, how elements and isotopes are fractionated (or not) when accelerated out of the photosphere is fundamental to interpreting Genesis data

Determining the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of the preSolar Nebula from Genesis Data Analysis: The Case of Oxygen

We compare element and isotopic fractionations measured in solar wind samples collected by NASA's Genesis mission with those predicted from models incorporating both the ponderomotive force in the chromosphere and conservation of the first adiabatic invariant in the low corona. Generally good agreement is found, suggesting that these factors are consistent with the process of solar wind fractionation. Based on bulk wind measurements, we also consider in more detail the isotopic and elemental abundances of O. We find mild support for an O abundance in the range 8.75 - 8.83, with a value as low as 8.69 disfavored. A stronger conclusion must await solar wind regime specific measurements from the Genesis samples.Comment: 6 pages, accepted by Astrophysical Journal Letter

Phonetic and prosodic analysis of speech

In order to cope with the problems of spontaneous speech (including, for example, hesitations and non-words) it is necessary to extract from the speech signal all information it contains. Modeling of words by segmental units should be supported by suprasegmental units since valuable information is represented in the prosody of an utterance. We present an approach to flexible and efficient modeling of speech by segmental units and describe extraction and use of suprasegmental information

Density-functional studies of tungsten trioxide, tungsten bronzes, and related systems

Tungsten trioxide adopts a variety of structures which can be intercalated with charged species to alter the electronic properties, thus forming `tungsten bronzes'. Similar optical effects are observed upon removing oxygen from WO_3, although the electronic properties are slightly different. Here we present a computational study of cubic and hexagonal alkali bronzes and examine the effects on cell size and band structure as the size of the intercalated ion is increased. With the exception of hydrogen (which is predicted to be unstable as an intercalate), the behaviour of the bronzes are relatively consistent. NaWO_3 is the most stable of the cubic systems, although in the hexagonal system the larger ions are more stable. The band structures are identical, with the intercalated atom donating its single electron to the tungsten 5d valence band. Next, this was extended to a study of fractional doping in the Na_xWO_3 system (0 < x < 1). A linear variation in cell parameter, and a systematic change in the position of the Fermi level up into the valence band was observed with increasing x. In the underdoped WO_3-x system however, the Fermi level undergoes a sudden jump into the conduction band at around x = 0.2. Lastly, three compounds of a layered WO_4&#215;a,wdiaminoalkane hybrid series were studied and found to be insulating, with features in the band structure similar to those of the parent WO_3 compound which relate well to experimental UV-visible spectroscopy results.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figure

A Two-dimensional Superconductor in a Tilted Magnetic Field - new states with finite Cooper-pair momentum

Varying the angle Theta between applied field and the conducting planes of a layered superconductor in a small interval close to the plane-parallel field direction, a large number of superconducting states with unusual properties may be produced. For these states, the pair breaking effect of the magnetic field affects both the orbital and the spin degree of freedom. This leads to pair wave functions with finite momentum, which are labeled by Landau quantum numbers 0<n<\infty. The stable order parameter structure and magnetic field distribution for these states is found by minimizing the quasiclassical free energy near H_{c2} including nonlinear terms. One finds states with coexisting line-like and point-like order parameter zeros and states with coexisting vortices and antivortices. The magnetic response may be diamagnetic or paramagnetic depending on the position within the unit cell. The structure of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) states at Theta=0 is reconsidered. The transition n->\infty of the paramagnetic vortex states to the FFLO-limit is analyzed and the physical reason for the occupation of higher Landau levels is pointed out.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure