Diversity and Effectiveness of Insect Pollinators of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Seed of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is currently established as the source for biofuel Therefore, it is important to understand the diversity insects that pollinated J. curcas inflorescence yellow flowers. We also aimed to study the pollination effects on fruit set on J. curcas. Scan sampling method were carried out to explore the insect pollinators diversity from 07.00 up to 17.00 h  in every 15 minutes. Visiting frequency of pollinators insects were observed by using focal sampling. Those information together with flowering periods, flower nectar volumes, and environmental factors were used as the basic data to determine the effectiveness of insect pollination both in covered and uncovered of seed set plants. Results showed that nine species of insect pollinators were from three order (Hymenoptera, Lepidotera, and Diptera) pollinated J. curcas. Four species of Hymenoptera i.e. Prenolepis, Apis dorsata, Xylocopa confusa, and Apis cerana showed  the highest abundances. The highest abundance and species richness of pollinators occurred at 08.00-10.15 and 15.00-17.15 h. Bees of X. confusa, A. cerana, and A. dorsata of Apidae are effective as insect pollinators in J. curcas plantations, due to high visited frequencies. The insect pollinators also increased fruits and seeds set of J. curcas in the uncovered experiment plants. Thereby, enhancement the three pollinator insects as part of crop management have to be considered by farmers

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 24-59 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS SEI LEKOP KABUPATEN BINTAN

Stunting merupakan akibat kekurangan gizi yang terjadi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan anak yang dapat menyebabkan hambatan pada pertumbuhan fisik, kerentanan terhadap penyakit, perkembangan kognitif dan juga berdampak pada resiko terjadinya penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, yaitu dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel penelitian secara random sampling yang terdiri dari 62 responden balita usia 24-59 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur berupa buku KIA dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan pada faktor-faktor terhadap kejadian stunting pada pola asuh ibu dengan p value sebesar 0,006 (? 0,05), cara pemberian makan p value sebesar 0,000 (? 0,05), kebersihan lingkungan p value sebesar 0,002 (? 0,05), kemiskinan/pendapatan p value sebesar 0,008 (? 0,05), pengetahuan ibu p value sebesar 0,008 (? 0,05), dan tidak ada hubungan terhadap kejadian stunting pada ANC dan post natal care p value sebesar 0,381 (> 0,05), faktor infeksi p value sebesar 0,355 (> 0,05), riwayat BBLR p value sebesar 0,626 (> 0,05) yang menggunakan uji analisis chi-square. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan pada faktor pola asuh ibu, cara pemberian makan, kebersihan lingkungan, kemiskinan/pendapatan, dan pengetahuan ibu terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita usia 34-59 bulan di Puskesmas Sei Lekop Kabupaten Bintan Tahun 2022. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi sumber informasi mengenai stunting bagi tenaga kesehatan

Precocious puberty in McCune-Albright syndrome: a case report

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease characterized by a triad of fibrousdysplasia, cafe-au-lait spots and peripheral precocious puberty. We reported a 5-year-8-month old girl with MAS who has been followed-up for 2 years and 8 months. Shewas referred to pediatric endocrinology clinic in our hospital for vaginal bleeding at ageof 2 years 11 months. She had peripheral precocious puberty, i.e. increased estrogenlevel associated with very low gonadotropins, and cafe-au-lait spots on her face and wasdiagnosed as MAS. The patient was treated with estrogen receptor blocker (tamoxifen).She had no menses during the 2 years and 8 months of tamoxifen treatment. Her growthrate and bone maturation were also in normal ranges. However, at the end of tamoxifentreatment she had an episode of vaginal bleeding so that we had to change to othertreatment modalities

Application of Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding Method to Identify Threatened Sulawesi Mammal Based on 12S rRNA Gene

Species detection and identification is a crucial steps in biodiversity assessment. Traditional methods are often invasive and resource intensive. The number of studies demonstrating successful of eDNA metabarcoding approach in species identification has increased rapidly in recent years. Some of large terrestrial mammals have reportedly utilize natural salt licks as a source of minerals in the diet and its genetic material left in the environment can be used to identify species from this site. An eDNA metabarcoding protocol had been carried out to identify Sulawesi mammals from Adudu natural salt-licks, Nantu Wildlife Reserve, Gorontalo. Environmental DNA were extracted from water samples, Amplicon libraries were prepared by PCR amplification and Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing. Reads processing and taxonomic assignment carried out in two bioinformatics packages, PipeCraft-1.0 and OBITools-2.11. Two endangered Sulawesi mammals species had been identified, i.e. lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) and babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa). The accuracy of mammal species identification using eDNA metabarcoding is affected by rigorous experimental procedures, DNA marker reliability, and availability of reference sequence database

An increase in mean platelet volume (MPV) as a predictor of mortality in children with sepsis

Sepsis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, mainly in developing countries. This fatal risk emphasizes the importance of finding accessible and inexpensive parameters to be used as predictors for mortality in children with sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of increased mean platelet volume (MPV) as a predictor for mortality in children with sepsis.  A case control study was applied using medical records of all in-patients aged 1 mo -18 y diagnosed with sepsis at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from January 2015-December 2016. Bivariate and multivariate analyses by Chi-square and logistic regression to evaluate the correlations between increased MPV within the first 24-72 h (ΔMPV>0) and mortality were applied. Eighty-one eligible subjects met the inclusion/exclusion criteria with the mortality was 52%. Chi-square analysis showed significant correlations between increased MPV and mortality (p=0.005). Multivariate analysis showed increased MPV within the first 24-72 h after sepsis diagnosis as a predictor for mortality after controlling for sex and AKI (adjusted OR 3.851; 95% CI:1.354-10.948; p= 0.011). In conclusion, an increase in MPV within the first 24-72 h after diagnosed is an independent predictor for mortality in children with sepsis

Profil DNA Forensik pada Barang Bukti Dua Kasus Pembunuhan di Indonesia

DNA technology for profiling purposes has been used in many basic and applied science. One of the emerged applied science in genetics is it’s uses in solving crime cases. Homicide became one of highest crime cases in Indonesia. Solving its cases through DNA profiling technology using items of evidence as tool is needed. Here, we report the profiling of human DNA from several items of evidence available in the crime scene and the suspect. We used items of evidence from study cases no. 18098 and 18101, based on the legal permission of Indonesia’s National Police. We used 21 international standards of human STR markers, one sex-determining marker, one Y STR marker, and one independent Y marker to developed human alleles from tissue and blood stains left and/or shred on the victims, soap bottles, knifes, victim’s clothes and ropes as well as the buccal swab of the crime suspect. Our alleles identification matched between the victim and the crime suspect in both cases with the accuracy of DNA profiles compatibility at 99.99%. Detection of DNA profiling is depending on the evidence and time of storage which are influence by environment that can lead to the process of decayed and/or contaminated

Identification of Diagnostic Mitochondrial DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Specific to Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) Populations

The hypervariable region I of mitochondrial DNA has frequently been used to distinguish among populations, in particular in species with strong female philopatry. In such cases, populations are expected to diverge rapidly for hypervariable region I markers because of the smaller effective population size and thus increased genetic drift. This rapid divergence leads to the accumulation of mutations exclusively found in one population, which may serve as diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To date, diagnostic SNPs distinctive to Sumatran orangutan populations have not yet been described. However, given the continuously declining numbers of Sumatran orangutans, this information can be vital for effective conservation measures, especially regarding reintroductions of orangutans in rehabilitation centers. Phylogenetic analyses of 54 samples of Sumatran orangutans from nine sampling sites with good provenance, we found five major clades and a total of 20 haplotypes. We propose a total of 52 diagnostic SNPs that are specific to Sumatran orangutan populations. Data can be used to develop restriction fragment length polymorphism assays to carry out genetic assignments using basic laboratory equipment to assign Sumatran orangutan to their population of origin

Diversity of ABO blood groups, ethnic groups, and medical histories of university students in Indonesia

. Blood group systems are heritable characteristics controlled by multiple alleles that determine the presence of antigens A, B, or the absence of antigens (O). These systems are crucial in categorizing humans' four main blood groups. ABO blood groups have been identified to correlate with evolution, migration, local adaptations, dietary patterns, and human diseases. Unfortunately, this knowledge is poorly known in Indonesia. Therefore, we initiate this study to record university students' blood groups' diversity through the frequency of ABO alleles, ethnicities, and medical histories through questionnaires. The data analysis involved the responses of 992 students aged 17 to 23 from IPB University. The ABO estimator version 17.3 and Program R ver. 3.6.3 were utilized for data analysis, with the sample size determined using the Slovin formula. Our analysis revealed allele frequencies of 0.19 for IA, 0.20 for IB, and 0.61 for IO. The O blood group exhibited the highest prevalence, while the AB blood group was the rarest. Individuals with the O blood group identified as Javanese and Sundanese were more likely to have histories related to typhoid/typhoid symptoms and dengue fever. Individuals with O and B blood groups from the Sundanese population experienced allergies. In contrast, those with blood group B from the Javanese population were more prone to gastric ulcers and asthma. There are no significant differences between ethnicities for each illness record except asthma. All ABO blood groups for each illness record show significant differences with a weak correlation between the blood groups and type of illness

Ecology and Conservation of the Endangered Banteng (Bos javanicus) in Indonesia Tropical Lowland Forest

Banteng, Bos javanicus, as wild cattle is a vital and importance source of germplasm in Indonesia. Various human activities currently threaten their conservation status. Nonetheless, no long-term monitoring programmes are in place for this species. Using distribution point and statistical analysis based on 46,116 camera trap days from December 2015 to January 2017, we aimed to provide habitat preferences, activity patterns and ecological data for banteng population in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). It is the largest population of banteng in Indonesia and is living in a limited habitat area. According to the best occupancy model, the most suitable areas for this species were the secondary forest located at the center portion of UKNP. The presence of the invasive cluster sugar palm, Arenga obtusifolia, in dry season provides additional alternative food for banteng when its main food is scarcer in the forest. Banteng was cathemeral all year round, with the proportion of cathemeral records and the recording rate did not change with the protection of the level area, moon phase or season. To reduce the probability of encountering predators, banteng avoided the space use of dholes. Selection and avoidance of habitats was stronger than avoidance of the predator activity areas. Habitat competition from domestic cattle which grazed illegally in the national park appears to be a problem to the species since zoonosis appears from domestic cattle to banteng. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy are required to eliminate the impacts of both direct and indirect threats

Reproductive success of Bornean orangutan males: scattered in time but clustered in space

The social and mating systems of orangutans, one of our closest relatives, remain poorly understood. Orangutans (Pongo spp.) are highly sexually dimorphic and females are philopatric and maintain individual, but overlapping home ranges, whereas males disperse, are non-territorial and wide-ranging, and show bimaturism, with many years between reaching sexual maturity and attaining full secondary sexual characteristics (including cheek pads (flanges) and emitting long calls). We report on 21 assigned paternities, among 35 flanged and 15 unflanged, genotyped male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), studied from 2003 to 2018 in Tuanan (Central Kalimantan, Indonesia). All 10 infants born since mid-2003 with an already identified sire were sired by flanged males. All adult males ranged well beyond the study area (c. 1000 ha), and their dominance relations fluctuated even within short periods. However, 5 of the 10 identified sires had multiple offspring within the monitored area. Several sired over a period of c. 10 years, which overlapped with siring periods of other males. The long-calling behavior of sires indicated they were not consistently dominant over other males in the area around the time of known conceptions. Instead, when they were seen in the area, the known sires spent most of their time within the home ranges of the females whose offspring they sired. Overall, successful sires were older and more often resident than others. Significance statement It is difficult to assess reproductive success for individuals of long-lived species, especially for dispersing males, who cannot be monitored throughout their lives. Due to extremely long interbirth intervals, orangutans have highly male-skewed operational sex ratios and thus intensive male-male competition for every conception. Paternity analyses matched 21 immature Bornean orangutans with their most likely sire (only 10 of 50 genotyped males) in a natural population. Half of these identified sires had multiple offspring in the study area spread over periods of at least 10 years, despite frequently ranging outside this area. Dominance was a poor predictor of success, but, consistent with female mating tactics to reduce the risk of infanticide, known “sires” tended to have relatively high local presence, which seems to contribute to the males’ siring success. The results highlight the importance of large protected areas to enable a natural pattern of dispersal and ranging