A IMPORTÂNCIA DO GOLEIRO E SUA PARTICIPAÇÃO TÁTICA COM A BOLA NOS PÉS

Modern football has become faster and more dynamic due to changes in rules. In this way, with all the tactical modifications, the goalkeeper started to have even greater importance within his team. This study aimed to analyze the importance of the goalkeeper in professional football matches. Thirteen football matches were analyzed, divided into two groups. Group 1 was comprised of the analysis of nine matches played during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Group 2 was formed by four matches of other competitions, selected from the participation of goalkeepers with greater skill in the feet, according to the ranking of goal of the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS). The games were downloaded on the public domain site of Youtube and then analyzed through the software SKOUT, regarding the tactical positioning and quantification of the numbers of each goalkeeper (technical part) during the matches. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used for normality analysis and then the Student's t-test for independent samples (p<0.05). It was verified that the goalkeepers of Group 2 presented greater participation in the fundamentals of pass, reception, finishing, hand replacement, driving and scored goals (p<0.05). However, in the mean of errors in the pass, reception and driving fundamentals the differences were not significant. It is concluded that the goalkeepers of Group 2 presented greater participation in the fundamentals that required skill with the possession of ball.O futebol moderno se tornou mais veloz e dinâmico em razão de alterações nas regras. Desse modo, com todas as modificações táticas, o goleiro passou a ter importância ainda maior dentro de sua equipe. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a importância do goleiro em partidas de futebol profissional. Foram analisadas 13 partidas de futebol, divididas em dois grupos. O grupo 1 foi composto pela análise de nove partidas disputadas durante a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. O grupo 2 foi formado por quatro jogos de outras competições, selecionadas a partir da participação de goleiros com maior habilidade nos pés, conforme ranking de gols da Federação Internacional de História e Estatística do Futebol (IFFHS). Foi realizado o download dos jogos no site de domínio público do Youtube e em seguida, estes foram analisados por meio do software SKOUT, quanto ao posicionamento tático e quantificação dos números de cada goleiro (parte técnica) durante as partidas. Foi utilizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk para a análise de normalidade e em seguida, o teste t de Student para amostras independentes (p<0,05). Foi verificado que os goleiros do Grupo 2 apresentaram maior participação nos fundamentos de passe, recepção, finalização, reposição com a mão, condução e gols marcados (p<0,05). Porém, na média de erros nos fundamentos de passe, recepção e condução as diferenças não foram significativas. Conclui-se que os goleiros do Grupo 2 apresentaram maior participação nos fundamentos que exigiam habilidade com a posse de bola

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora