The utilization of the phosphorus from an aluminium-iron rock phosphate. II. By sheep

The availability of the phosphorus in "bone pellets" and aluminium-iron rock phosphates was compared with bone meal. In evaluating the products, inorganic phosphorus content of the blood, live weight gains, phosphorus retention, X-ray photographs and the pathological and chemical examination of the bones of the sheep were used as criteria. From the overall results thus obtained it can be concluded that: (i) "Bone pellets" are as efficient as bone meal as a source of phosphorus. (ii) Aluminium-iron rock phosphate is practically useless in this respect and cannot replace bone meal in animal nutrition.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The utilization of phosphorus from different sources by the rat

An experiment has been carried out in which the relative availability to young rats of the phosphorus in bone meal, bone ash, dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate has been ascertained. Live weight gains, the ash content of the femurs, and the total retention of phosphorus have been used as criteria in evaluating the supplements. Dicalcium phosphate was found superior to the other three supplements. Bone ash proved to be on a par with, if not better than bone meal. Tricalcium phosphate was least efficient as a source of phosphorus for bone formation. The practical significance of the observed differences in availability is briefly discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The availability of the calcium and phosphorus in " electrofos " for bone formation. I. In the rat

A basal diet, containing 0•06 per cent. calcium and 0•05 per cent. phosphorus, and albino rats, 4 to 5 weeks old and weighing approximately 60 grams, were used to ascertain the availability of electrofos I and electrofos II in comparison with dicalcium phosphate for bone formation. These phosphatic products, prepared by a thermal process, were studied at two levels giving diets containing 0•18 per cent. phosphorus and 0•36 per cent. phosphorus, the Ca : P ratio being maintained at about 2 : 1. Apart from live weight gains percentage retention of the relevant minerals as determined by slaughter tests and femur ash were used as criteria for evaluating the products. The averages of the results obtained are summarized in Table 18. It was found that both electrofos I and electrofos II were significantly less available for bone formation than calcium phosphate. However, more or less equal bone formation was obtained when these products were supplemented at about twice the level of calcium phosphate.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The utilization of the phosphorus from an aluminium-iron rock phosphate. I. By the rat

The availability of the phosphorus in two samples of an aluminium-iron rock phosphate has been determined in the rat. In evaluating these products live weight gains, the ash content of the femurs and total phosphorus retention have been used as criteria. The rock phosphate was found to be a poor source of phosphorus.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The effect of body stores and of method of supplementation on the efficiency of calcium and phosphorus utilization by sheep

(1) The Ca and P metabolism of two groups of young sheep, depleted of these minerals, was investigated in a series of three balance studies. (2) During the first 10 days on the bone meal supplemented ration, the inorganic P of the blood rose sharply from approximately 2•0 to 5•0 mgm. per 100 c.c. of blood, a level which was more or less maintained to the end of the experiment. (3) Under the conditions obtaining the method of bone meal supplementation had no influence on the efficiency of utilization of Ca and P. The implication of this for the problem of phosphate feeding under practical conditions is briefly discussed. (4) Ca and P utilization dropped considerably in the course of the 80 days on the enriched ration. Retention figures for Ca decreased from 22•5 to 12•7 per cent. and those for P from 53•1 to 32•2 per cent. (5) Due to the fact that no observations are available on the extent of replenishment during the period of bone meal feeding the final interpretations of these results must await the outcome of further investigations.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Water poisoning in man and animal, together with a discussion on urinary calculi

Points concerning the harmful effects of drinking water upon man and animal are discussed: (a) Poisoning with excessive quantities of "normal or wholesome water" (Ill A). (b) Poisoning due to the drinking of excessively cold water (II B). (c) Poisoning due to drinking of distilled water (Ill). (d) Poisoni.ng due to drinking of excessively mineralised waters (IV). (e) The role played by excessively saline waters in the causation of urinary calculi (V).The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to final presentation PDF-Format.Includes bibliographical referencesab201

Understanding Levallois: Lithic Technology and Cognitive Archaeology

International audienceThe Levallois technique has attracted much 'cognitive' attention in the past decades. Many archaeologists argue that both the products and the procedure of this Palaeolithic technique have been clearly predetermined by the prehistoric flintknappers. Attempts have recently been made to challenge this notion of predetermination by reference to raw material and 'technological' constraints. The aim of this article is to assess the grounds on which these claims have been advanced, and then work towards a better establishment of the cognitive implications of Levallois manufacture. Latest developments in the technological understanding of Levallois are presented in their context, and then put to work through a detailed case study: the analysis, in quantitative and qualitative terms, of a comprehensively refitted Levallois core from the 250,000 year-old site of Maastricht-Belvédère, in the Netherlands. By reconstructing and following the sequence of work on this highly productive core, it can be shown that its knapping did not simply entail the execution of a pre-set program, nor did it respond in an adventitious manner to external constraints. Rather, it is argued that the course of action was a structured and goaloriented one, a generative interplay between the mental and material activities of the ancient flintknapper