The availability of the phosphorus in two samples of an aluminium-iron
rock phosphate has been determined in the rat. In evaluating these products live
weight gains, the ash content of the femurs and total phosphorus retention have
been used as criteria. The rock phosphate was found to be a poor source of
phosphorus.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. 
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Louw, J.G.

Reinach, Norman

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. 
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.The availability of the phosphorus in two samples of an aluminium-iron
rock phosphate has been determined in the rat. In evaluating these products live
weight gains, the ash content of the femurs and total phosphorus retention have
been used as criteria. The rock phosphate was found to be a poor source of
phosphorus

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O n d e r s t e p o o r t  I  o u m a l  o f  V e t e r i n a r y  R e s e a r c h ,  V o l u m e  2 7 ,  N u m b e r  4 ,  D e c e m b e r ,  1 9 5 8 .  T H E  U T I L I Z A T I O N  O F  T H E  P H O S P H O R U S  F R O M  A N  A L U -M I N I U M - I R O N  R O C K  P H O S P H A T E .  I .  BY  T H E  R A T .  N .  R E I N A C H  A N D  J .  G .  L O U W ,  O n d e r s t e p o o r t  L a b o r a t o r y .  D u e  t o  t h e  w i d e - s p r e a d  d e f i c i e n c y  o f  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  o u r  n a t u r a l  p a s t u r e s ,  s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n  o f ,  t h i s  m i n e r a l .  i n  o n e  f o r m  o r  a n o t h e r ,  w i l l  a l w a y s  p l a y  a n  i m p o r t a n t  r o l e  i n  s u c c e s s f u l  s t o c k  r a i s i n g  i n  t h i s  c o u n t r y .  U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,  l o c a l  p r o d u c t i o n  o f  b o n e  m e a l  a n d  o t h e r  p h o s p h a t i c  p r o d u c t s  c a n n o t  a t  p r e s e n t  m e e t  a n  i n c r e a s i n g  d e m a n d  f o r  t h e s e  c o m m o d i t i e s .  T o  c o p e  w i t h  t h e  s h o r t a g e ,  i m p o r t  a n d  a  s e a r c h  f o r  o t h e r  m i n e r a l  s u p p l e m e n t s  w h i c h  w o u l d  b e  s a t i s f a c t o r y  s o u r c e s  o f  p h o s p h o r u s  f o r  a n i m a l  f e e d i n g ,  a r e  r e s o r t e d  t o .  S o m e  t i m e  a g o  a  n e w  d e p o s i t  o f  n a t u r a l  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e  w a s  d i s c o v e r e d  i n  t h e  M i d d e l b u r g  d i s t r i c t ,  T r a n s v a a l .  T h i s  m i n e r a l  h a d  a n  a d v a n t a g e  o v e r  o t h e r  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e s .  i n  t h a t  i t  c o n t a i n e d  a  n e g l i g i b l e  a m o u n t  o f  f l u o r i n e  a n d  c o u l d  t h e r e f o r e  b e  f e d  t o  a n i m a l s  w i t h o u t  p r i o r  d e f l u o r i n a t i o n .  O n  t h e  o t h e r  h a n d ,  h i g h  p e r c e n t a g e s  o f  i r o n  a n d  a l u m i n i u m  c a s t  c o n s i d e r a b l e  d o u b t  o n  t h e  e f f i c i e n c y  o f  t h e  d e p o s i t  a s  a  s o u r c e  o f  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  a n i m a l  n u t r i t i o n .  D e t e r m i n e d  a t t e m p t s  w e r e  n e v e r t h e l e s s  m a d e  b y  i n t e r e s t e d  p a r t i e s  t o  o b t a i n  o f f i c i a l  s a n c t i o n  f o r  m a r k e t i n g  t h e  p r o d u c t .  I t  w a s ,  t h e r e f o r e ,  d e c i d e d  t o  c o n d u c t  b i o l o g i c a l  t e s t s  o n  t h e  p r o d u c t ,  u s i n g  b o t h  r a t s  a n d  s h e e p  a s  e x p e r i m e n t a l  a n i m a l s ,  d e s p i t e  t h e  e v i d e n c e  i n  t h e  l i t e r a t u r e  r e l a t i n g  t o  t h e  l o w  a v a i l i b i l i t y  o f  i r o n  a n d  a l u m i n i u m  p h o s p h a t e s  [ T h e i l e r ,  V i l j o e n ,  G r e e n ,  d u  T o i t  a n d  R o b i n s o n  ( 1 9 2 7 ) ;  C o x ,  D o d d s ,  W i g m a n  a n d  M u r p h y  ( 1 9 3 1 ) ;  D e o b a l d  a n d  E l v e h j e m  ( 1 9 3 5 ) ;  J o n e s  ( 1 9 3 8 ) ;  R e h m  a n d  W i n t e r s  ( 1 9 4 0 ) ,  a n d  S t r e e t  ( 1 9 4 2 ) ] .  T h i s  p a p e r  r e p o r t s  t h e  r e s u l t s  o f  t h e  e x p e r i m e n t  o n  r a t s .  E X P E R l M E N T A L .  T w o  s a m p l e s  o f  t h e  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e ,  w i t h  c o m p o s i t i o n s  a s  s e t  o u t  i n  T a b l e  1 ,  w e r e  c o m p a r e d  w i t h  d i c a l c i u m  p h o s p h a t e  a t  a  l e v e l  w h i c h  f u r n i s h e d  0  · 1 6  p e r  c e n t  p h o s p h o r u s  t o  t h e  d i e t .  F o r  t h i s  p u r p o s e ,  a  b a s a l  r a t i o n ,  c o n t a i n i n g  0  ·  0 5  p e r  c e n t  p h o s p h o r .u s ,  w a s  s u p p l e m e n t e d  w i t h  t h e  a p p r o p r i a t e  a m o u n t s  o f  t h e  p h o s p h a t i c  p r o d u c t s  t o  y i e l d  d i e t s  A ,  B  a n d  C  ( c . f .  T a b l e  2 ) .  C a l c i u m  c a r b o n a t e  w a s  a d d e d  t o  e n s u r e  a  C a :  P  r a t i o  o f  m o r e  o r  l e s s1  2 :  1 .  R e c e i v e d  f e r  p u b l i c a t i o n  o n  8  M a r ; ; h ,  J  9 5 7 . - E d i t o r .  6 1 1  UTILIZATION OF PHOSPHORUS FROM AN ALUMINIUM ROCK PHOSPHATE I. TABLE 1. Composition of the Rock Phosphates. Sample. % P . % Alo03. ·---------- ------ ------Untreated B .......... . ...... ...... . . .... . . . . Treated C .... .. . .. . . . .... .. . . ........ . ..... . 13 ·4 16·4 TABLE 2. Composition of Diets. ==-=-·-'-'==== ingredients. Diet A. 15·3 29·4 Diet B. 15 ·5 17 ·3 --------Diet C. ·-------------- - -- - ·-- ------------ ·----Egg white .... . .... . .. ... . . .. ... . .. . .. . ... . .. . 150 150 Gelatine . . . .. .. .. ............ .. ..... . ...... . 30 30 Butterfat ............... . .. . .... ........ .. .. . 80 80 Bacto agar .. .. . . ........................ . . . . 20 20 Harris yeast. . . ..... . ..... . ..... . .......... . . 15 15 Cod liver oil. ....... ..... .. ... .. .. .. . . ..... . 20 20 Sucrose .. ..... ..... ... . .. . . . .. ... ......... . . 40 40 Salt mixture* .......... . ... . . ... . . . . .. ... . .. . 30 30 Dextrinized starch ................. .. . .. . . .. . 606·9 601·1 Dicalcium phosphate ... .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .. ... . 4·2 Untreated rock phosphate .. . . . .. . ..... . . .. . . . . 7 ·0 Treated rock phosphate .... . . . .. . .. . ... . .. .. . . Calcium carbonate .......... . ..... . .. .. . .. . . . 3·9 6·9 TOTAL. . .•.......•....... . ......• ..... 1,000 1,000 Per cent P . . . . ... .. .. .. ... .. .... . . ... . . .... . 0·17 0· 17 Per cent Ca . .. .. . . ... . .... .. . . . . .. ...... . . . . 0·34 0·33 ----* Day and McCollum (1939), with calcium carbonate omitted . 150 30 80 20 15 20 40 30 602·4 5 ·7 6·9 1,000 0·17 0 ·31 E ight quartos of albino rats of the same age, sex and weight were selected. To arrive at values for the phosphorus content of the rats at the commencement of the experiment, one member of each quarto was sacrificed and analysed as described by Reinach and Louw (1950). T he remaining trios were distributed among the three diets described in Table 2 giving 8 rats per group. The rats were fed daily, the feed intake being equalized within each trio to that of the animal cons.uming the least. They were weighed weekly and provided with fresh distilled water at all times. At the end of the experimental period , which lasted six weeks, they were killed with ether and analysed. Growth, femur ash and total phosphorus retention were used as criteria for evaluating the ava ilability of the phosphorus in the rock phosphate. 612 N .  R E I N A C H  A N D  J .  G .  L O U W .  R E S U L T S  A N D  D I S C U S S I O N .  T h e  g r o u p  a v e r a g e s  f o r  g r o w t h  a n d  m e t a b o l i s m  o f  t h e  r a t s  o n  t h e  t h r e e  d i f f e r e n t  d i e t s  a r e  g i v e n  i n  T a b l e  3 .  T h e  g r o u p  o f  r a t s  r e c e i v i n g  d i c a l c i u m  p h o s p h a t e  i n  t h e i r  r a t i o n  d o u b l e d  t h e i r  w e i g h t s  w i t h i n  s i x  w e e k s ,  w h i l e  t h e  o t h e r  t w o  g r o u p s  r e c e i v i n g  t h e  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e .  s h o w e d  a n  i n c r e a s e  o f  o n l y  7 8  p e r  c e n t  o v e r  t h e  s a m e  p e r i o d .  S t a t i s t i c a l l y  t h i s  d i f f e r e n c e  w a s  h i g h l y  s i g n i f i c a n t  a t  P  =  0  ·  0 1  w i t h  a  c o e f f i c i e n t  o f  v a r i a t i o n  o f  8  ·  7  p e r  c e n t .  S i n c e  b o t h  t h e  p h o s p h o r u s  c o n t e n t  o f  t h e  r a t i o n  a n d  t h e  l e v e l  o f  f e e d  i n t a k e  w e r e  e q u a l i z e d  i n  t h e  t h r e e  g r o u p s ,  t h e  p o o r e r  g r o w t h ,  s h o w n  b y  t h e  r a t s  r e c e i v i n g  t h e  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e ,  m u s t  b e  a s c r i b e d  t o  t h e  p o o r e r  u t i l i z a t i o n  o f  t h e  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  t h a t  p r o d u c t .  F u r t h e r  e v i d e n c e  o f  t h e  p o o r  u t i l i z a t i o n  o f  t h e  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  t h e  r o c k  p h o s -p h a t e '  w a s  o b t a i n e d  f r o m  t h e  d a t a  f o r  t o t a l  a n d  p e r c e n t a g e  a s h  i n  t h e  f e m u r s  o f  t h e  r a t s .  T h e  r a t s  f e d  t h e  d i c a l c i u m  p h o s p h a t e  d e v e l o p e d  l a r g e r  b o n e s  t h a n  t h o s e  r e c e i v i n g  t h e  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e .  T h e  a v e r a g e  v a l u e s  f o r  t o t a l  a s h  o f  t h e  f e m u r s  w e r e  0  ·  0 7 5  g m .  f o r  g r o u p  A  a n d  0  ·  0 3 4  g m .  f o r  b o t h  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e  g r o u p s .  T h i s  d i f f e r e n c e  w a s  f o u n d  t o  b e  h i g h l y  s i g n i f i c a n t  a t  P  =  0  ·  0  l  w i t h  a  c o e f f i c i e n t  o f  v a r i a t i o n  o f  9  ·  7  p e r  c e n t .  T h e  d e g r e e  o f  m i n e r a l i z a t i o n  w a s  a l s o  f o u n d  t o  b e  s i g n i f i c a n t l y  i n  f a v o u r  o f  t h e  g r o u p  o f  r a t s  r e c e i v i n g  t h e  d i c a l c i u m  p h o s p h a t e .  T h i s  g r o u p  s h o w e d  a  p e r c e n t a g e  a s h  o f  t h e  f e m u r  o n  t h e  d r y  f a t - f r e e  b a s i s  o f  4 9  · 7  a s  a g a i n s t  3 5  ·  0  a n d  3 4  ·  4  f o r  t h e  t w o  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e  g r o u p s  r e s p e c t i v e l y .  T h e s e  r e s u l t s  c o r r e s p o n d  w i t h  t h o s e  o b t a i n e d  f o r  t h e  r e t e n t i o n  o f  p h o s p h o r u s .  T h e  p e r c e n t a g e  r e t e n t i o n  o f  t h e  p h o s p h o r .u s  w a s  b a s e d  o n  t h e  a s s u m p t i o n  t h a t  a l l  g r o u p s  i n i t i a l l y  c o n t a i n e d  e q u a l  a m o u n t s  o f  c a l c i u m  a n d  p h o s p h o r u s .  T h i s  a m o u n t  o f  c a l c i u m  a n d  p h o s p h o r u s  w a s  o b t a i n e d  f r o m  t h e  a n a l y s i s  o f  t h e  r a t s  s a c r i f i c e d  a t  t h e  c o m m e n c e m e n t  o f  t h e  e x p e r i m e n t .  T h e  f i g u r e s  f o r  t h e  p e r c e n t a g e  r e t e n t i o n  o f  p h o s p h o r u s ,  a s  c a l c u l a t e d  f r o m  t h e  a v a i l a b l e  d a t a ,  w e r e  5 3 ·  3  f o r  t h e  d i c a l c i u m  p h o s p h a t e  g r o u p  a s  a g a i [ l s t  1 5  ·  0  a n d  1 4  ·  l  f o r  t h e  t w o  g r o u p s  r e c e i v i n g  t h e  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e .  T h e  d i f f e r e n c e  i n  f a v o u r  o f  t h e  f i r s t - m e n t i o n e d  g r o u p  w a s  s i g n i f i c a n t  a t  P  =  0  ·  0 1  w i t h  a  c o e f f i c i e n t  o f  v a r i a t i o n  o f  1 5  ·  l  p e r  c e n t .  S i n c e  t h e  p h o s p h o r u s  c o n t e n t  a n d  l e v e l  o f  i n t a k e  w e r e  t h e  s a m e  f o r  t h e  t h r e e  d i e t s ,  t h e  d i f f e r e n c e s  i n  t h e  r e t e n t i o n  f i g u r e s  f o r  p h o s p h o r u s  c a n  o n l y  b e  a t t r i b u t e d  t o  d i f f e r e n c e s  i n  t h e  a v a i l a b i l i t y  o f  t h i s  m i n e r a l  i n  t h e  d i e t s .  T h e  t w o  s a m p l e s  o f  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e  t h u s  a p p e a r  t o  b e  a  v e r y  p o o r  s o u r c e  o f  p h o s p h o r u s  f o r  t h e  g r o w i n g  r a t  a n d  c a n n o t  b e  r e c o m m e n d e d  a s  a  s u b s t i t u t e  f o r  b o n e  m e a l  o r  o t h e r  p h o s p h a t i c  p r o d u c t s  i n  t h e  r a t i o n s  o f  a n i m a l s .  S U M M A R Y .  T h e  a v a i l a b i l i t y  o f  t h e  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  t w o  s a m p l e s  o f  a n  a l u m i n i u m - - i r o n  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e  h a s  b e e n  d e t e r m i n e d  i n  t h e  r a t .  I n  e v a l u a t i n g  t h e s e  p r o d u c t s  l i v e  w e i g h t  g a i n s ,  t h e  a s h  c o n t e n t  o f  t h e  f e m u r s  a n d  t o t a l  p h o s p h o r u s  r e t e n t i o n  h a v e  b e e n  u s e d  a s  c r i t e r i a .  T h e  r o c k  p h o s p h a t e  w a s  f o u n d  t o  b e  a  p o o r  s o u r c e  o f  p h o s p h o r u s .  6 1 3  0\ ...... .j:>. Diet A ................ . DietB ................. . Diet C ................. . TABLE 3. Mean Growth and Metabolism Dutc,* of Rats on different Diets. InitiaiWt. (gm.). 58 59 59 ' Total Gain (gm.). 58 46 46 ' I I Wt. Femur Ash (mg.). 75·3 34·0 34·5 I % Ash in Dry Fat-free Femur. 49·7 35·0 34·4 Ca Intake (mg.). 895 862 818 I I I CaRe-tained (mg.). 329 24· I 19·8 % Ca Re-tained. 37·0 2·8 2·7 p Intake (mg.). 448 452 456 ________ _.:___ ___________ _;__ ____ _;______________________ -· *Eight animals were used in each group. PRe-tained (mg.). 239 68·5 64·8 I I % p Re-tained. 53·3 15·0 14·1 c. ::l t"' N > ..., ~ 0 "11 "0 6 [J) "0 ::c @ c [J) 'Tl "' ~ > z > r c !:: z c ~ "' g ;>; "0 ::c 0 [J) "0 ::c ~ m :--< N .  R E ! N A C H  A N D  J .  G .  L O U W .  R E F E R E N C E S .  C O X ,  G .  J . ,  D O D D S ,  M .  L . ,  W I G  M A N ,  H .  B .  A N D  M U R P H Y ,  F .  J .  ( 1 9 3 1 ) .  T h e  e f f e c t s  o f  h i g h  d o s e s  o f  a l u m i n i u m  a n d  i r o n  o n  p h o s p h o r u s  m e t a b o l i s m .  J .  B i o i .  C h e m . ,  V o l .  9 2 ,  p .  I I .  D A Y ,  H .  G .  A N D  M e  C O L L U M ,  E .  V .  ( 1 9 3 9 ) .  M i n e r a l  m e t a b o l i s m ,  g r o w t h  a n d  s y m p t o m a t o l o g y  o f  r a t s  o n  a  d i e t  e x t r e m e l y  d e f i c i e n t  i n  p h o s p h o r u s .  J .  B i o i .  C h e m . ,  V o l .  1 3 0 ,  p .  6 2 9 .  D E O B A L D ,  H .  J .  A N D  E L V E H J E M ,  C .  A .  ( 1 9 3 5 ) .  T h e  e f f e c t s  o f  f e e d i n g  h i g h  a m o u n t s  o f  s o l u b l e  i r o n  a n d  a l u m i n i u m  s a l t s .  A m e r .  J .  P h y s i o l . ,  V o i . J l l ,  p .  1 1 8 .  J O N E S ,  J .  H .  ( 1 9 3 8 ) .  T h e  m e t a b o l i s m  o f  c a l c i u m  a n d  p h o s p h o r u s  a s  i n f l u e n c e d  b y  t h e  a d d i t i o n  t o  t h e  d i e t  o f  s a l t s  o f  m e t a l s  w h i c h  f o r m  i n s o l u b l e  p h o s p h a t e s .  A  m e r .  J .  P h y s i o l . ,  V o l .  1 2 4 ,  p .  2 3 0 .  R E H M ,  P .  A N D  W I N T E R S ,  J .  C .  ( 1 9 4 0 ) .  T h e  e f f e c t  o f  f e r r i c h l o r i d e  o n  t h e  u t i l i z a t i o n  o f  c a l c i u m  a n d  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  t h e  a n i m a l  b o d y .  J .  N u t r . ,  V o l .  1 9 ,  N o . 3 ,  p .  2 1 3 .  R E I N A C H ,  N .  A N D  L O U W ,  J .  G .  ( 1 9 5 0 ) .  T h e  a v a i l a b i l i t y  o f  t h e  c a l c i u m  a n d  p h o s p h o r u s  i n  " e l e c t r o f o s  " f o r  b o n e  f o r m a t i o n .  L i n  t h e  r a t .  O n d e r s l e p o o r l  J .  V e t .  S c i . ,  V o l .  2 4 ,  p .  8_ 7 .  S T R E E T ,  H .  R .  ( 1 9 4 2 ) .  T h e  i n f l u e n c e  o f  a l u m i n i u m  s u l p h a t e  a n d  a l u m i n i u m  h y d r o x i d e  u p o n  t h e  a b s o r p t i o n  o f  d i e t a r y  p h o s p h o r u s  b y  t h e  r a t .  J .  N u l r . ,  V o l .  2 4 ,  p .  1  I I .  T H E I L E R ,  A . ,  V I L J O E N ,  P . R . ,  G R E E N ,  H .  H . ,  D U  T O l T ,  P .  J .  A N D  R O B I N S O N ,  E .  M .  ( 1 9 2 7 ) .  L a m s i e k t e  ( P a r a  b o t u l i s m )  i n  C a t t l e  i n  S o u t h  A f r i c a .  l l l h  a n d  1  2 1 h  R e p l s .  D i r .  o f  V e l .  E d .  a n d  R e s . ,  P a r t  I I ,  p .  8 2 1 .  6 1 5  

The utilization of the phosphorus from an aluminium-iron rock phosphate. I. By the rat

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The utilization of the phosphorus from an aluminium-iron rock phosphate. I. By the rat

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