Red Lake, White Earth and ‘Blackgowns’: The Indian Industrial Schools of St. John’s Abbey and St. Benedict’s Monastery, 1884-1896

How and more importantly, why did the Benedictines become involved in off-reservation Industrial Schools? In this thesis, it is my goal to answer these questions. The opening of the schools was the result of three factors. First, the Benedictines subscribed to the popular beliefs and stereotypes about the Indians and what should be done with them. Second, the material situation of the mission, as well as the relationship between the Benedictines and the other involved parties on the reservation, created a situation where an off-reservation venture would seem desirable. Third, the financial situation of St. John\u27s and St. Benedict\u27s would have enticed the missionaries into opening schools because of the possibility of financial gain

Spindle organization in three dimensions

During cell division, chromosome segregation takes place on bipolar, microtubulebased spindles. Here, C. elegans is used to analyze spindle organization under both mitotic and meiotic conditions. First, the role of SAS-4 in organizing centrosome structure was analyzed. Partial depletion of SAS-4 in early embryos results in structurally defective centrioles. The study of this protein sheds light on the poorly understood role of the centrioles in dictating centrosome size. Second, the ultrastructure of wild-type mitotic spindle components was analyzed by electron tomography. This 3-D analysis reveals morphologically distinct microtubule end morphologies in the mitotic spindle pole. These results have structural implications for models of microtubule interactions with centrosomes Third, spindle assembly was studied in female meiosis. Specifically, the role of the microtubule severing complex katanin in spindle organization was analyzed. Electron tomography reveals fragmentation of spindle microtubules and suggests a novel katanin-dependent mechanism of meiotic spindle assembly. In this model, relatively long microtubules seen near the meiotic chromatin are converted into numerous short fragments, thus increasing the total number of polymers in an acentrosomal environment. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the three-dimensional organization of microtubules during spindle assembly.Die Segregation der Chromosomen während der Zellteilung wird duch bipolare, von Microtubuli-aufgebauten Spindlen gewährleistet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird C. elegans zur Analyse der Spindelorganisation unter mitotischen und meiotischen Bedingungen herangezogen. Erstens wird die Rolle von SAS-4 in der Organisation von Zentrosomen untersucht. Die partielle Depletierung von SAS-4 in frühen Embryonen führt zu strukturell defekten Zentriolen und wirft somit Licht auf die wenig verstandene Rolle der Zentriolen in der Bestimmung der Zentrosomengröße. Zweitens wird die Ultrastruktur der mitotischen Spindelkomponenten im Wildtyp durch Elektronentomographie untersucht. Diese 3-D-Analyse zeigt, dass im mitotischen Spindlepol unterschiedliche Morphologien der Mikrotubulienden zu finden sind. Diese Ergebnisse haben strukturelle Implikationen für Modelle der Mikrotubuli-Zentrosomen-Interaktionen. Drittens wird der Aufbau der Spindel in der weiblichen Meiose, speziell die Rolle des Mikrotubuli-schneidenden Kataninkomplexes in der Spindelorganisation, untersucht. Die Elektronentomographie zeigt hier eine Fragmentierung der Spindelmikrotubuli. Basierend auf diesem Ergebnis wird ein neues Katanin-abhängiges Modell der Formierung der Meiosespindel entwickelt, in dem relativ lange Microtubuli in Nähe des meiotischen Chromatins in zahlreiche kurze Mikrotubuli “zerschnitten” werden. Dies erhöht die Anzahl der verfügbaren Polymere in dieser azentrosomalen Situation. Zusammenfassend bringen diese Ergebnisse neue Einsichten in die räumliche Organisation der Mikrotubuli während des Spindelaufbaus

Dynamic Change of Server Assignments in Distributed Workflow Management Systems

Workow management systems (WfMS) offer a promising approach for realizing process-oriented information systems. Central WfMS, with a single server controlling all workow (WF) instances, however, may become overloaded very soon. In the literature, therefore, many approaches suggest using a multi-server WfMS with distributed WF control. In such a distributed WfMS, the concrete WF server for the control of a particular WF activity is usually dened by an associated server assignment. Following such a partitioning approach, problems may occur if components (WF servers, subnets, or gateways) become overloaded or break down. As we know from other elds of computer science, a favorable approach to handle such cases may be to dynamically change hardware assignment. This corresponds to the dynamic change of server assignments in WfMS. This paper analyses to what extend this approach is reasonable in such situations

Modified Shape of Dynamic Master Curves due to Adiabatic Effects

AbstractWithin a joint project of IWM/Freiburg and MPA/Stuttgart the fracture toughness of a 22 NiMoCr 3 7 steel (A 508 Cl.2) was characterized at IWM with SE(B)10/10- und SE(B)40/20-specimens at -20 °C and high crack loading rates in the range of 103 to 106 MPa√m s-1, see Böhme et al. (2012 and 2013). The single temperature Master Curve evaluation according to ASTM E1921 and Wallin (2011) resulted in part in 5%-lower-bound fracture toughness versus temperature curves below the deterministic ASME lower bound KIR-reference-curve. At a first glance, this seems to violate the ASME KIR-concept, however, possibly this just indicates, that the conventional MC-evaluation has to be modified for elevated loading rates. Adiabatic heating in the vicinity of the crack tip could be one reason for that, as already argued in Schindler (2013 and 2015).Therefore, additional SE(B)-tests at temperatures of -20 °C, 0 °C and +20 °C were performed at IWM within the current follow-up joint IWM-MPA project. The new IWM-results show in agreement with previous investigations by Viehrig et al. (2010) and Schindler et al. (2013 and 2015) that the Master Curves at elevated loading rates are steeper than at quasistatic loading, probably due to local adiabatic heating in the vicinity of the crack tip. Therefore, the temperature field around the crack tip has been measured with a high speed infrared camera and has been compared to results of a numerical simulation. Up to crack initiation, a local adiabatic rise in temperature of the order of magnitude of about 60 K was measured and calculated in the vicinity of the crack tip at a crack loading rate of about 106 MPa√m s-1. In order to take into account this adiabatic effect, the dynamic master curves were evaluated by applying an adjusted MC shape parameter. This finally leads to more plausible results for the dynamic Master Curves. Thus, the choice of a rate dependent shape parameter p should be considered for future modifications of the elevated loading rate appendix of ASTM E1921

Correct Configuration of Process Variants in Provop

When engineering process-aware information systems (PAISs) one of the fundamental challenges is to cope with the variability of business processes. While some progress has been achieved regarding the configuration of process variants, there exists only little work on how to accomplish this in a correct manner. Configuring process variants constitutes a non-trivial challenge when considering the large number of process variants that exist in practice as well as the many syntactical and semantical constraints a configured process variant has to obey in a given context. In previous work we introduced the Provop approach for configuring and managing process variants. This paper picks up the Provop framework and shows how it ensures correctness of configurable process variants by construction. We discuss advanced concepts for the context- and constraint-based configuration of process variants, and show how they can be utilized to ensure correctness of the configured process variants. In this paper we also consider correctness issues in conjunction with dynamic variant re-configurations. Enhancing PAISs with the capability to correctly configure process models fitting to the given application context, and to correctly manage the resulting process variants afterwards, will enable a new quality in PAIS engineering

Capturing Variability in Business Process Models: The Provop Approach

Usually, for a particular business process different variants exist. Each of them constitutes an adjustment of a reference process model to specific requirements building the process context. Contemporary process management tools do not adequately support the modeling of such process variants. Either the variants have to be specified as separate process models or they are expressed in terms of conditional branches within the same process model. Both methods often lead to redundancies making model adaptations a time consuming and error-prone task. In this paper we discuss selected concepts of the Provop approach for modeling and managing process variants. A particular process variant can be configured at a high level of abstraction by applying a set of well-defined change operations to a reference process model. In particular, this paper discusses advanced concepts for the design and modeling of such a reference process model as well as for the adjustments required to configure the different process variants. Altogether, Provop provides a flexible and powerful solution for process variant management

Improving the Quality and Cost-effectiveness of Process-oriented, Service-driven Applications: Techniques for Enriching Business Process Models

A key objective of any Service-driven architectural approach is to improve the alignment between business and information technology (IT). Business process management, service composition, and service orchestration, play major roles in achieving this goal. In particular, they allow for the process-aware integration of business actors, business data, and business services. To optimize business-IT alignment and to achieve high business value, the business processes implemented in process-aware information systems (PAISs) must be defined by domain experts, and not by members of the IT department. In current practice, however, the information relevant for process execution is usually not captured at the required level of detail in business process models. In turn, this requires costly interactions between IT departments and domain experts during process implementation. To improve this situation, required execution information should be captured at a sufficient level of detail during business process design (front-loading). As another drawback, existing methods and tools for business process design do not consider available Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) artifacts such as technical service descriptions during process design (look-ahead). Both front-loading and look-ahead are not adequately supported by existing business process modeling tools. In particular, for many process aspects, appropriate techniques for specifying them at a sufficient level of detail during business process design are missing. This chapter presents techniques for enabling front-loading and look-ahead for selected process aspects and investigates how executable process models can be derived from business process models when enriched with additional information