Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta with multiple impacted teeth: report of two cases

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) represents a group of developmental conditions, genomic in origin, which affect the structure and clinical appearance of enamel of all or nearly all the teeth in a more or less equal manner. It is usually inherited either as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The enamel may be hypoplastic, hypomineralised or both and affected teeth may be discolored, sensitive or prone to disintegration. Diagnosis is based on the family history, pedigree plotting and meticulous clinical observation. The treatment of patients with AI should start with early diagnosis and intervention to prevent latter restorative problems. Herein, we present two case reports of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta with oligodontia, multiple unerupted teeth, pulpal calcification, taurodontism and anterior deep bite who were provided with functional and esthetic rehabilitation

Orofacial granulomatosis: a rare case report with review of literature

The term orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a descriptive term used for granulomatous disorders affecting the face and oral cavity, which can occur for a variety of reasons resulting in significant morbidity. It is characterised by persistent swelling that may involve one or both the lips and /or recurrent ulcers and a variety of other orofacial features. Medical history is very important in the diagnosis of OFG as medical condition like Crohn’s disease can also present an extra intestinal manifestation of OFG. Exclusion of other entities like sarcoidosis, mycobacterial infections, foreign body reactions and biopsy helps to establish a correct diagnosis. Herein we report a case of OFG in a 55 year old female patient with review of literature

Prevalence of sensory peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients at diabetes care centre: a cross sectional study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve damaging disorder associated with diabetes; result from micro vascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply to the nerve (vas nervorum) in addition to macro vascular condition that can culminate in diabetic neuropathy. By the year 2025 hundreds of people were estimated to become diabetic. The rates of prevalence of neuropathy increasing worldwide which is directly related to the nonmodifiable risks like age, duration of diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, gender.Methods: A cross sectional interventional study was conducted on diabetic patients. Questionnaire, instruments and demographic details were used to collect data from patients. The diabetic neuropathy is conformed in patients by using biothesiometric analysis, tuning fork, monofilament, NSS and NDS.Results: Total 331 subjects included in the study, 200 cases diagnosed with DPN according to biothesiometry and prevalence percentage was found to be 60.4% and incidence was found to be 8.76% respectively. A significant greater proportion of males reported neuropathy more than females. The association between the obesity and the DPN was (r2=0.7922) low positive correlation. High positive correlation was confirmed with NSS, NDS respectively.Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a higher prevalence (60.4%) and incidence (8.76%) of neuropathy among the diabetic subjects and it may go on increasing as the age progress

Rhino cerebral mucormycosis: a report of two cases and review of literature.

Mucormycosis is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales and is one of the fulminant and fatal mycotic infections known to human beings with a high mortality rate. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is the most common type and its extension to the orbit and brain is quite usual. It is commonly reported in immunocompromised patients such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, blood dyscrasias, malnutrition, neutropenia, iron overload, organ transplant, and immunosuppressive therapy. Mucormycosis is on the rise with an increase in incidence of Diabetes mellitus and HIV infection leading to immunocompromised status of the patient. Here in, reporting two cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in two uncontrolled diabetic patients with deep palatal perforation in one case and this is a rare and late occurrence. Both the patients were successfully treated with a combination of surgical debridement and systemic amphotericin B administration. By presenting this case report we would like to point out that mucormycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of hard palate ulcers and cellulitis

Histopathological Observations in Rabbits Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi

New Zealand white rabbits (n=6) were challenged with the South Indian local strain of Trypanosoma evansi. Each animal was infected with 5x105 trypanosomes subcutaneously. Animals were daily examined for the development of clinical signs using wet blood-films sampled from the ear veins. Clinically, intermittent pyrexia, undulating parasitaemia, anorexia and emaciation were predominant. Three months post infection, rabbits were sacrificed, detailed postmortem examination was carried out and representative tissue samples were fixed. Gross pathological changes including paleness of visceral organs, gelatinization of fat, congested and oedematous lungs,mucoid enteritis, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were noticed. Histopathologically, internal organs elucidated clear changes consisted of severe hepatic fatty change, pulmonary congestion with thickened interstitial spaces and emphysema, degeneration of the renal epithelium associated with cystic tubular formation and congested red pulp

Tumour associated tissue eosinophilia as a predictor of locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: The increasing global burden of oral cancer has driven much of the focus of research to the determina - tion of reliable prognostic markers which may have significant effects on survival and the control of post-treatment morbidity. This study was undertaken to evaluate tumour associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) quantitatively in oral cancer specimens and observe for its possible association with tumour stage, patterns of locoregional recurren - ce and overall prognosis. Study Design: 14 patients undergoing surgical resection for primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were subjected to grey scale ultrasonography (USG) to assess tumour dimensions. The findings were compared with the cTNM stage initially documented. TATE was evaluated along the invasive tumour front (ITF) using H & E stained sections of histopathological specimens for 10 continuous high power fields (HPF) and graded as mild, moderate or intense. Patients were followed up over 5 years and observed for patterns of recurrence. Results: Loco regional recurrence was significantly associated with intense degree of TATE. ( p <0.001) cTNM stage as well as USG stage did not correlate with the degree of TATE with p =0.419 and 0.772 respectively. None of the patients with mild/ moderate dysplasia developed locoregional recurrence within the period of follow up. Conclusions: Analysis of TATE in OSCC patients may provide an early indication of future locoregional recurren - ce. Identification of an appropriate biopsy site representing the ITF where TATE analysis can be performed may be a simple, inexpensive method of obtaining valuable prognostic information at the time of diagnosis

Effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for Sjogren syndrome - A systematic review

Sjogren?s Syndrome (SS) is characterized by xeropthalmia and/or xerostomia. Treating the associated salivary gland hypofunction has been challenging to the clinicians. A variety of topical and systemic therapies have been tried to restore/stimulate the g

The effect of photodynamic therapy on oral-premalignant lesions : a systematic review

Dentists now have access to a wide range of unique treatment methods as a result of substantial scientific and technological breakthroughs in the field of dentistry. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment procedure that use photosensitize

Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Fe2+ Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles

Tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2) were synthesized by a sol-gel method. And tin tetra chloride (SnCl4) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were used as the precursor. NH4OH maintain the homogeneity and stoichiometry of solution through pH. The obtained powder subjected to calcination about 110oC. The obtained samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and UV-Visible spectroscopy. From the characterizations it is confirmed that the tetragonal structure and the particles are small and nanosizes, The O-H stretching and C=C bending stretching with chemical compositions are analyzed. The improved conduction properties through lower bandgap and the results are further interpreted and discussed

Knowledge, anxiety levels and attitudes of infertile couples towards COVID-19 and its impact on self-funded fertility treatment : a cross-sectional questionnaire survey

Acknowledgement We thank the couples who were willing to participate in the study. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD