The Double-Movement Model of Forgiveness in Buddhist and Christian Rituals

We offer a model of moral reform and regeneration that involves a wrong-doer making two movements: on the one hand, he identifies with himself as the one who did the act, while he also intentionally moves away from that self (or set of desires and intentions) and moves toward a transformed identity. We see this model at work in the formal practice of contrition and reform in Christian and Buddhist rites. This paper is part of a broader project we are undertaking on the philosophy of forgivenes

Instrumental effects on the temperature and density derived from the light ion mass spectrometer

An expression for the flux into a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) is derived which takes into account the instrumental effect of a dependence on energy of the solid angle of the acceptance cone. A second instrumental effect of a limited bandpass is briefly discussed. Using the (LIMS) instrument on SCATHA, it is shown that temperatures and densities derived without considering the effect of the solid angle dependence on energy will be too low, dramatically so for E(t) E(1), where E(1) is the e folding distance of the solid angle dependence and E(t) is the thermal energy of the plasma. For E(t) E(1), there is effectively no impact on the derived temperatures and densities if the solid angle effect is ignored

Quinpirole Mediates Aversive Effects of Methamphetamine via Dopamine D2 Receptors

Innate avidity for methamphetamine (MA) use is influenced by sensitivity to its rewarding and aversive effects. MA induces these effects through release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, stimulating dopamine D2 receptors (D2R). The contribution of D2R to MA-induced motivational effects is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated motivational effects of D2R activation by using mice selectively bred for low MA drinking (MALDR) and high MA drinking (MAHDR). In a condition place preference (CPP) procedure, doses of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg quinpirole, a D2R agonist, were paired with specific environmental cues; mice were later tested for cue preference. In both lines, quinpirole dose-dependently induced significant aversion and suppressed locomotor activity. MALDR mice alone showed enhanced locomotion in a drug-free CPP test. This study suggests that D2R plays a central role in the aversive effects of MA and is a potential therapeutic target for curbing MA intake