An Evaluation Study on the Role of CDSS Infaq Foundation on Girl’s Education and Women Empowerment

Education for girls has a profound effect on society. A well-educated girl has a greater chance of growing up healthy, secure, and empowered to shape her own life and future. Women's empowerment can be defined as promoting women's self-esteem, their capacity to make their own choices, and their right to influence social change for themselves and others. Education plays a critical role in empowering people. After completing their education, educated girls can pursue meaningful work and contribute to their country's economy. Economic growth, political stability, and social transformation are all dependent on empowerment of girls. The purpose of this study is to assess the CDSS INFAQ Foundation's role in the education of girls and women empowerment in Karachi. The researcher concentrated on the background, services, socioeconomic problems, and challenges confronting CDSS INFAQ Foundation over the course of their 40-year existence. Additionally, the researcher examined the effect of CDSS INFAQ Foundation's Girls Education and Vocational Training Programs on the lives and personalities of trainees and students. The study included a review of pertinent literature, beginning with definitions and concepts of Girls' Education and Women Empowerment, as well as an examination of the Islamic perspective on Girls' Education and Women Empowerment. Following that, the status of women in Islam and in Pakistani society is discussed, as well as the current state of women empowerment in neighboring countries and throughout the world. The history of women empowerment in Pakistan is also discussed in order to familiarize readers with the policies implemented by the government to empower women to achieve their goals and contribute to the country's development. The exploratory research approach was used to conduct this study. This study utilizes case studies, in-depth interviews, and focus groups with the Coordinators and In-Charge of the CDSS INFAQ Foundation. To validate the hypothesis, the Pearson Chi-square test is used. It has been established that the area's literacy rate has increased as a result of IETC's high-quality education. Additionally, career opportunities for trainees have been expanded as a result of ICTLC's career counseling. Keywords: Infaq foundation, girl child education, woman empowerment, vocational training DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-25-03 Publication date:September 30th 202

The Need and Importance of Field Work Practice in Field Settings for Social Workers

Students educate and progress when performing in social service organizations, and social works professors and field teachers must comprehend these procedures. By knowing the mechanisms by which learners grow and improve when functioning in social service organizations, instructors and field trainers can fully understand individuals' academic goals and determine the more efficient strategies to assist students during learning in practice. In that sense, the essay looks at field studying in social service training in terms of the two most common adult learning techniques, personal learning concepts and sociocultural training methods, and how they are utilized in the workplace in-field assignment contexts. Consequently, the paper highlights the diverse character of field learning while claiming that sociocultural methods vary by nation, depending on the demands and realistic goals of social work practice. In Pakistan, social work has to be recognized as a realistic strategy in private as well as public sector. Promoting a realistic study strategy for field situations has been a primary obligation of those connected with social practice. As a consequence, Pakistanis will begin to know their actual pedagogy earlier or later, which is similarly crucial for the advantage of corporate social work training. They connect with customers, colleagues, and mentors throughout their practical experiences, and these encounters help them build communication abilities. Keywords: fieldwork, social work, field work setting, fieldwork placement DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-10-04 Publication date:May 31st 202

Formulation, characterization and optimization of nebivolol-loaded sustained release lipospheres

Purpose: To formulate, characterize and optimize nebivolol-loaded sustained release lipospheres (LPs) using beeswax (BW) as the drug carrier.Methods: Nebivolol-loaded LPs were formulated using solvent evaporation technique (SET) and characterized. The impact of independent variables on responses such as percentage yield (PY), entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug release after 12 h (DR12) was assessed using central composite design (CCD). Numerical and graphical optimization techniques were also used to evaluate outcomes of the measured responses.Results: Twenty micron-sized (20 - 100 μm), smooth spherical LPs with good rheological properties were produced. The yield ranged from 33 (F10) to 81 % (F6), while EE ranged from 32 (F4 and F9) to 69 % (F6). The results of rheological evaluation revealed angle of repose > 24 o, Hausner’s ratio > 1.5, and Carr’s index ranging from 13 to 19 %. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed nebivolol and BW compatibility, and the absence of possible interactions between formulation components. Duration of nebivolol release was strongly associated with BW concentration and formulation F15 showed minimum drug release (46%). Drug release was significantly higher in formulations with similar BW concentrations and low Tween-20 (T-20) concentrations (F1 and F11) than in formulations with high T-20 concentrations (F2, p < 0.05). The zeta potential of deflocculated LPs ranged from +15 to +35 mV. Nebivolol release (46 - 85 %) at pH 6.8 was significantly affected by BW concentration and it followed zero order model.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study have shown that BW is a suitable material for producing an effective sustained release formulation. The mechanism of drug release in nebivolol- loaded LPs is diffusion accompanied by erosion.Keywords: Lipospheres, Nebivolol, Beeswax, Formulation, Central composite desig

Effect of Storage on Various Honey Quality Parameters of Apis dorsata Honey from Nepal*

Abstract.-Nepalese honey samples stored for 8 months showed pH in the range of 3.9-4.6, free acidity 48.5-53meq/kg, lactone 15.5-17.1meq/kg, total acidity 61-70meq/kg, electrical conductivity 0.24-0.64mS/cm, Proline content 148-241mg/kg, HMF content 53.4-122mg/kg, Diastase Number 1.02-13.25DN and Invertase Number 0.58-10.5IN. After 16 months of storage the various parameters recorded were: pH 3.7-5.08, free acidity 46.1-57.07meq/kg, lactone 17-19meq/kg, total acidity 64-74meq/kg, electrical conductivity 0.29-0.71mS/cm, Proline content 66.43-120mg/kg. HMF content were beyond international maximum limit even after 8 months storage. Similarly diastase Number (0.22-0.86DDN) and Invertase Number (00-0.71IN) were much below than the minimum standard. Although honey produced by A. dorsata from Nepalese forest showed various quality parameters close to International Honey Quality Standards, yet its shelf life was shorter due to high moisture content