4,144 research outputs found
Attributions for Spousal Violence
The literature on spousal violence suggests that abusive men, their female victims, and others in society often fail to blame abusers for their violent behavior. This failure perpetuates spousal violence because it allows abusers to continue being abusive without being held responsible for their actions. This study analyzed the attributions of male and female university students concerning written scenarios portraying moderate levels of spousal violence to determine whether observers tend to explain the violence using internal or external attributions. Male participants in the study reported a very low tendency, if any, to engage in spousal violence, while the female participants had very little, if any, experience as victims of abuse during the previous six months. Four theories were used to formulate the research questions concerning whether respondents would make internal or external attributions for spousal violence: Kelley\u27s Covariation Theory, Jones and Nisbett\u27s Actor-Observer Bias, Shaver\u27s Defensive Attribution, and Backman\u27s Self-Theory. The results indicated that the majority of male and female observers attributed the cause of violence to the abuser by making internal attributions for the abuse. These results offer an element of hope to the spousal violence literature. To the extent that members of society make internal attributions for spousal violence, abusers are held responsible for their behavior and ultimately may feel pressured to stop being abusive
Fragment Approach to Constrained Density Functional Theory Calculations using Daubechies Wavelets
In a recent paper we presented a linear scaling Kohn-Sham density functional
theory (DFT) code based on Daubechies wavelets, where a minimal set of
localized support functions is optimized in situ and therefore adapted to the
chemical properties of the molecular system. Thanks to the systematically
controllable accuracy of the underlying basis set, this approach is able to
provide an optimal contracted basis for a given system: accuracies for ground
state energies and atomic forces are of the same quality as an uncontracted,
cubic scaling approach. This basis set offers, by construction, a natural
subset where the density matrix of the system can be projected. In this paper
we demonstrate the flexibility of this minimal basis formalism in providing a
basis set that can be reused as-is, i.e. without reoptimization, for
charge-constrained DFT calculations within a fragment approach. Support
functions, represented in the underlying wavelet grid, of the template
fragments are roto-translated with high numerical precision to the required
positions and used as projectors for the charge weight function. We demonstrate
the interest of this approach to express highly precise and efficient
calculations for preparing diabatic states and for the computational setup of
systems in complex environments
Psychology and neurobiology of simple decisions
Patterns of neural firing linked to eye movement decisions show that behavioral decisions are predicted by the differential firing rates of cells coding selected and nonselected stimulus alternatives. These results can be interpreted using models developed in mathematical psychology to model behavioral decisions. Current models assume that decisions are made by accumulating noisy stimulus information until sufficient information for a response is obtained. Here, the models, and the techniques used to test them against response-time distribution and accuracy data, are described. Such models provide a quantitative link between the time-course of behavioral decisions and the growth of stimulus information in neural firing data. The question of how two-alternative decisions are made i
Inverse wing design in transonic flow including viscous interaction
Several inverse methods were compared and initial results indicate that differences in results are primarily due to coordinate systems and fuselage representations and not to design procedures. Further, results from a direct-inverse method that includes 3-D wing boundary layer effects, wake curvature, and wake displacement are represented. These results show that boundary layer displacements must be included in the design process for accurate results
Spin and Lattice Structure of Single Crystal SrFe2As2
We use neutron scattering to study the spin and lattice structure on single
crystals of SrFe2As2, the parent compound of the FeAs based superconductor
(Sr,K)Fe2As2. We find that SrFe2As2 exhibits an abrupt structural phase
transitions at 220K, where the structure changes from tetragonal with lattice
parameters c > a = b to orthorhombic with c > a > b. At almost the same
temperature, Fe spins in SrFe2As2 develop a collinear antiferromagnetic
structure along the orthorhombic a-axis with spin direction parallel to this
a-axis. These results are consistent with earlier work on the RFeAsO (R = rare
earth elements) families of materials and on BaFe2As2, and therefore suggest
that static antiferromagnetic order is ubiquitous for the parent compound of
these FeAs-based high-transition temperature superconductors.Comment: 14 pages with 4 figure
Spatial Analysis of U.S. Terrorism Incidents
This research brief represents an overview of basic spatial patterns across a sample of terrorism incidents in the United States. While research concerning characteristics of incidents has received some study, the geospatial patterns of these incidents remains largely unexamined. Logically, different ideological categories of terrorism may lend themselves to different spatial patterns and preferences for target distance. In addition, the distance required to perpetrate an incident may affect the success rate of an attack. Terrorists who must travel further to engage in preparatory activity such as surveillance or transporting weapons may stand an increased chance of failure due to human intervention. Previous research from the American Terrorism Study (ATS) has examined these ideas and generally suggests terrorists favor targets closer to their place of residence; this research brief builds upon that previous work. The findings suggest that in recent years, terrorists have lived closer to the intended target. This is primarily related to the increase in ISIS-affiliated incidents
What Roughage for Dairy Calves
A good-quality, mixed legume-grass hay has generally been recommended Iowa State College results show that high-quality roughage is important with a good starter. Calves did well on timothy but better on alfalfa
Complexity reduction in large quantum systems: fragment identification and population analysis via a local optimized minimal basis.
We present, within Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations, a quantitative method to identify and assess the partitioning of a large quantum-mechanical system into fragments. We then show how within this framework simple generalizations of other well-known population analyses can be used to extract, from first-principles, reliable electrostatic multipoles for the identified fragments. Our approach reduces arbitrariness in the fragmentation procedure and enables the possibility to assess quantitatively whether the corresponding fragment multipoles can be interpreted as observable quantities associated with a system moiety. By applying our formalism within the code BigDFT, we show that the use of a minimal set of in situ-optimized basis functions allows at the same time a proper fragment definition and an accurate description of the electronic structure
Magnetic form factor of SrFeAs
Neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out to investigate the
magnetic form factor of the parent SrFe2As2 system of the iron-based
superconductors. The general feature is that the form factor is approximately
isotropic in wave vector, indicating that multiple d-orbitals of the iron atoms
are occupied as expected based on band theory. Inversion of the diffraction
data suggests that there is some elongation of the spin density toward the As
atoms. We have also extended the diffraction measurements to investigate a
possible jump in the c-axis lattice parameter at the structural phase
transition, but find no detectable change within the experimental
uncertainties
The Longevity of American Terrorists: Factors Affecting Sustainability
This project was an outgrowth of two previous NIJ projects being conducted under NIJ’s Research and Evaluation on Domestic Radicalization to Violent Extremism program area. The first of these projects, which ended in 2015, focused upon testing one of the most prominent theoretical models of extremist radicalization -- identity and framing theory. One of the findings from examination of this theoretical model is consistent with the notion that “people want to be associated with a winner.” Recruitment and commitment, crucial to the lifespan of any terrorist movement, improve when the movement has been able to commit successful terrorist incidents (Freilich, Chermak, and Caspi, 2009), particularly if the offenders escaped unscathed. In the second project, which focused upon the temporal sequencing of terrorists’ precursor behaviors,2 a somewhat serendipitous finding emerged to crystalize the current issue. A preliminary analysis of the differences between “lone actors” and members of “cells or groups” revealed that lone actors “survived” substantially longer than members of cells or groups before being arrested or indicted. Although we later found this relationship to be spurious, it was worthy of further examination
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