Optimization of chlordecone quantitication and development of a method of degradation by a hybrid material activated carbon-cobalamin.

La chlordécone (cld) de formule brute c10cl10o est un pesticide organochloré classé parmi les polluants organiques persistants (pop) par la convention de stockholm en 2009. Ce composé a été appliqué dans les soles bananières des antilles françaisede 1950 à 1993 : ce qui a conduit à une pollution généralisée de l’environnement dans les zones de production de banane. De plus il a été montré une imprégnation généralisée de la biosphère, avec un impact sanitaire décrit dans de nombreuses publications. Il est connu que la cld a une longue persistance dans les sols, conduisant à une contamination des eaux. Aussi, dans les zones polluées de la guadeloupe et de la martinique, les usines de production d'eau ont été équipées de filtres à charbon actif (ca). Cependant, après le traitement, le ca est contaminé, il est alors nécessaire de le régénérer.Un des axes de recherche de l’équipe covachim-m2e « connaissance et valorisation-chimie des matériaux environnement, énergie» est la fabrication de ca préparés à partir des ressources naturelles tropicales telle que la bagasse pour à la fois valoriser des quantités élevées de résidus lignocellulosiques disponibles localement, à un coût modéré, mais surtout pour une adsorption efficace de la cld, afin d’obtenir les informations par le mécanisme d’adsorption de la vb12 sur le ca. Un matériau hybride (mh) composé de ca de la vitamine b12 ou cobalamine (vb12) a été préparé à l’aide d’une fixation non-covalente, par adsorption de manière à préserver l’activité de déchloruration de la vb12.Il est montré que la vb12 réduite par le zinc zérovalent, est capable de dégrader cld, en accord avec les travaux de schrauzer publiés en 1978, montrant que la vb12, réduite par l’acétoine ou bien le borohydrure de sodium était capable dégrader la cld. Les intermédiaires de dégradation produits, ont été caractérisés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à un spectromètre de masse (cg-sm). Les cinétiques et isothermes d'adsorption de la vb12 sur ca ont été modélisées à l’aide de différents modèles mathématiques ceci permet de comprendre les interactions physico-chimiques mis en jeu entre les deux composants du matériau hybride lors du processus d’adsorption. Il a été révélé que la dynamique d’adsorption est bien décrite par le modèle du pseudo-second ordre. La fixation de la vb12 est plus importante sur le ca bagp1.5, préparé par activation de la bagasse par l’acide phosphorique, avec une valeur capacité d'adsorption maximale déduite du modèle de langmuir de 422 mg.g-1. L’adsorption est favorisée à haute température, et optimale à un ph de 6. En outre, afin d'étudier la stabilité du matériau hybride élaboré, la désorption de la vb12 adsorbée sur la bagp1.5 a également été suivie en milieu aqueux et dans l’éthanol. Le mh ainsi préparé a été caractérisé en utilisant différentes techniques, la méthode de boehm, la microscopie à balayage, la résonance raman, la spectrométrie de fluorescence x, la spectroscopie de photo-électron x, l’infra-rouge à transformée de fourieret aussi par adsorption d’azote.L’objectif de ce travail est d’optimiser la quantification de la cld et de ses intermédiaires de dégradation par une méthode en cg-sm et de mettre au point une méthode de dégradation de la cld en vue de la régénération des ca.Nos travaux ont montré que la vitesse de disparition de la cld est plus élevée pour le matériau hybride, que pour le charbon seul ou la vb12 seule. Les réactions de dégradation de la cld par la vb12 ont montré dans des conditions anaérobies, l’apparition de 3 intermédiaires dérivés de la cld. Ces intermédiaires ont été caractérisés en cg-ms à savoir la mono et dihydrochlordécone, ainsi qu’un dérivé pentachloroindène.Chlordecone (cld) with an empirical formula c10cl10o is an organochlorine pesticide classified among the persistent organic pollutants (pops) by the stockholm convention in 2009. This compound was applied to banana plantation in the french west indies from 1950 to 1993: resulting to widespread environmental pollution in banana production areas. In addition it has been shown a generalized pollution of the biosphere, with a health impact described in many publications. It is known that cld has a long persistence in soils, leading to water contamination. Consequently, in the polluted areas of guadeloupe and martinique, the water production plants were equipped with activated carbon filters (ac). However, after water treatment, the ac is contaminated, it is then necessary to regenerate it.One of the research areas of the covachim-m2e team is the elaboration of ac from tropical natural resources such as bagasse to both add value the high amounts of lignocellulosic residues locally available at moderate cost, but as well especially for efficient adsorption of the cld. A hybrid material composed of activated carbon (ac) and vitamin b12 (vb12), known as cobalamin was prepared using a non-covalent attachment, by adsorption to preserve the dechlorination activity of vb12.It is shown that vitamin b12 reduced zerovalent zinc is able to degrade cld, in agreement with the work of schrauzer published in 1978, showing that vitamin b12, reduced by acetoin or sodium borohydride capable of degrading the cld. The intermediate degradation products, were characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (gc-ms) to get right one vb12 adsorption mechanism. To get insight on vb12 adsorption mechanism, kinetic and adsorption isotherms of vb12 on ac were modeled using various mathematical models. It allows to understand the physical and chemical interactions involved between the two components of the hybrid material during the adsorption process. It was revealed that the adsorption dynamics is well described by the model of the pseudo-second order and brouers-sotolongo. Amount of the vb12 fixed on is more important on the bagp1.5 ac prepared by activation of the bagasse by the phosphoric acid, as a maximum adsorption capacity value derived from the langmuir model 422 mg.g-1. Adsorption is favored at high temperature, and at optimum value of ph 6. Furthermore, in order to study the stability of the prepared hybrid material, desorption of the adsorbed from bagp1.5 has also been followed in an aqueous medium and in absolute ethanol. Mh thus prepared was characterized using different technique, the method of boehm, scanning electron microscopy, raman resonance, and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron, infrared transform fourier spectroscopies and also by nitrogen adsorption.The objective of this work is to optimize the quantification of the cld and its intermeodiates by a gas chromatography method coupled with a mass spectrometer (gc-ms) and to develop a method of degradation of the cld for the regeneration of activated carbon.Our work has shown that the rate of disappearance of cld is higher for the hybrid material than vb12 alone. The degradation reactions of cld by vb12 under anaerobic conditions showed the appearance of 3 cld intermediates: mono and dihydrochlordecone and a pentachloroindène derivative that were characterized by gc-ms

Absorption et dégradation de la chlordécone (CLD) et du (g-HCH) par un matériau hybride-charbon actif-VB12

Pour limiter la contamination de l\u27eau potable par les pesticides, dans les zones polluées de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique, les usines de production d\u27eau ont été équipées de filtres à charbon actif (CA). Cependant, après le traitement, le CA est contaminé, il est alors nécessaire de les régénérer. L\u27objectif ici est de préparer d\u27un matériau hybride charbon actif/vitamine B12 qui pourrait être utilisé pour le traitement de l\u27eau par charbon actif et aussi la régénération de ce dernier

Exploring the use of locally produced activated carbon for treatment of chlordecone contaminated animals

International audienceChlordecone (CLD) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) are xenobiotics identified as persistent organic pollutants since 2009. Their presence in water and soils of banana and sugar crops production zones of the Caribbean islands, Guadeloupe and Martinica, led to a long term pollution of soils which is thought to last 5 to 7 centuries for the heaviest polluted andosoils. The National survey plans carried out since 2008 in Guadeloupe and Martinique revealed an unexpected contamination of animal products. This contamination is believed to result from concomitant soil ingestion by animals during pasture. The aim of this project is to formulate and test dietary non-absorbable substances with the aim to bind the compound in order to avoid its absorption or reabsorption. The use of activated carbons (ACs) prepared from biomass and exhibiting specific textural and physico-chemical properties to adsorb chlordecone and to avoid its absorption in the digestive tract, appear to be the most promising approach. Indeed, ACs are for example, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as antidote in treatment of poisoning. Recent results demonstrated that the use of ACs has the potential to strongly reduce the bioavailability of CLD from soil for rearing animals (pigs and goats). ACs produced from locally available precursors, such as sugar cane bagasse, coconut shell with adequate textural and physico-chemical characteristics will be prepared to optimize these experiments. Two different strategies will be assessed: one performing an amendment of contaminated soil by AC, the other one bringing the AC via an additional feed

Exploring the use of locally produced activated carbon for treatment of chlordecone contaminated animals

International audienceChlordecone (CLD) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) are xenobiotics identified as persistent organic pollutants since 2009. Their presence in water and soils of banana and sugar crops production zones of the Caribbean islands, Guadeloupe and Martinica, led to a long term pollution of soils which is thought to last 5 to 7 centuries for the heaviest polluted andosoils. The National survey plans carried out since 2008 in Guadeloupe and Martinique revealed an unexpected contamination of animal products. This contamination is believed to result from concomitant soil ingestion by animals during pasture. The aim of this project is to formulate and test dietary non-absorbable substances with the aim to bind the compound in order to avoid its absorption or reabsorption. The use of activated carbons (ACs) prepared from biomass and exhibiting specific textural and physico-chemical properties to adsorb chlordecone and to avoid its absorption in the digestive tract, appear to be the most promising approach. Indeed, ACs are for example, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as antidote in treatment of poisoning. Recent results demonstrated that the use of ACs has the potential to strongly reduce the bioavailability of CLD from soil for rearing animals (pigs and goats). ACs produced from locally available precursors, such as sugar cane bagasse, coconut shell with adequate textural and physico-chemical characteristics will be prepared to optimize these experiments. Two different strategies will be assessed: one performing an amendment of contaminated soil by AC, the other one bringing the AC via an additional feed

Development and characterisation of a nanostructured hybrid material with vitamin B12 and bagasse-derived activated carbon for anaerobic chlordecone (Kepone) removal

Intensive use of the chlorinated pesticide chlordecone from the 1970s to 1993 to prevent crop damage in banana plantations of Guadeloupe and Martinique led to diffuse pollution of soils and surface waters, affecting both fauna and human beings in the contaminated areas. Since 2001, drinking water production plants have been equipped with filters containing activated carbon that must be treated after saturation. The objective of this work is to produce a hybrid material composed of activated carbon and vitamin B12 (VB12) for the degradation of chlordecone (CLD). The preparation of such a hybrid material is carried out by non-covalent fixation to achieve an eco-friendly solution for the serious environmental problem of contamination by chlorinated pesticides. It is thus proposed to degrade CLD by a physico-chemical treatment allowing salvage of the catalyst, which is adsorbed on the carbon surface to generate less waste that is inexpedient to treat. Activated carbon (AC) is produced locally from available sugarcane bagasse subjected to phosphoric acid activation. The main characteristics of this material are a major mesoporous structure (0.91%) and a specific (BET) surface area ranging from 1000 to 1500 m2 g-1. The experimental results showed that BagP1.5 has a high adsorption capacity for VB12 due to its large surface area (1403 m2 g-1). The binding of VB12 to the bagasse-derived AC is favoured at high temperatures. The adsorption is optimal at a pH of approximately 6. The maximum adsorption capacity of VB12 on the AC, deduced from the Langmuir model, was 306 mg g-1, confirming the high affinity between the two components. The hybrid material was characterised by FTIR, Raman, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM analysis. CLD removal by this hybrid material was faster than that by VB12 or BagP1.5 alone. The CLD degradation products were characterised by mass spectrometry

Carbon Materials Prepared from Invading Pelagic Sargassum for Supercapacitors’ Electrodes

International audienceSince 2011, substantial amounts of pelagic Sargassum algae have washed up along the Caribbean beaches and the Gulf of Mexico, leading to negative impacts on the economy and the environment of those areas. Hence, it is now crucial to develop strategies to mitigate this problem while valorizing such invasive biomass. This work deals with the successful exploitation of this pelagic Sargassum seaweed for the fabrication of carbon materials that can be used as electrodes for supercapacitors. Pelagic Sargassum precursors were simply pyrolyzed at temperatures varying from 600 to 900 °C. The resultant carbonaceous materials were then extensively characterized using different techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption for textural characterization, as well as X-ray photoelectron (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to understand their structures and functionalities. The electrochemical properties of the carbon materials were also tested for their performance as supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the galvanostatic method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses (EIS). We managed to have a large specific surface, i.e., 1664 m2 g−1 for biochar prepared at 800 °C (CS800). Eventually, CS800 turned out to exhibit the highest capacitance (96 F g−1) over the four samples, along with the highest specific surface (1664 m2 g−1), with specific resistance of about 0.07 Ω g −1

Evaluation of the molecular inclusion process of β-hexachlorocyclohexane in cyclodextrins

The present work aimed to study the guest–host complexes of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), a pesticide with high environmental stability that can cause severe health problems, with the most common cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-CDs). The formation reactions of these molecular inclusion complexes were addressed in this research. The multiple minima hypersurface methodology, quantum calculations based on density functional theory and a topological exploration of the electron density based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules approach were used to characterize the interaction spaces of the pollutant with the three CDs. Additionally, charge distribution, charge transfer and dual descriptor analyses were employed to elucidate the driving forces involved in the formation of these molecular inclusion complexes. Three types of fundamental interactions were observed: total occlusion, partial occlusion and external interaction (non-occlusion). Finally, experiments were performed to confirm the formation of the studied complexes. The most stable complexes were obtained when γ-CD was the host molecule. The interactions between the pesticide and CDs have fundamentally dispersive natures, as was confirmed experimentally by spectroscopic results. All the obtained results suggest the possibility of using CDs for the purification and treatment of water polluted with β-HCH.ISSN:2046-206