5 research outputs found
Effect of Behavioral Contracting on Illness Intrusiveness, Self-Efficacy, and Dietary Adherence in Chronic Dialysis Patients
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Oklahoma State University Library'
- Publication date
- 01/12/2000
- Field of study
POSNOC—POsitive Sentinel NOde: adjuvant therapy alone versus adjuvant therapy plus Clearance or axillary radiotherapy: a randomised controlled trial of axillary treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer who have metastases in one or two sentinel nodes
- Author
- Badger Heath
- Caraman Andrei
- Childs Margaret
- Coleman Robert E
- Cutress Ramsey
- Dodwell David
- Duley Lelia
- Ellis Ian
- Fairbrother Patricia
- Fakis Apostolos
- Fallowfield Lesley
- Goyal Amit
- Haines Rachel Helen
- Homer Tara
- Jenkins Valerie
- Keeley Vaughan
- Lewis Mickey
- Mann G. Bruce
- Megias Daniel
- Miles Elizabeth
- Monson Kathryn
- Montgomery Alan
- Nabi Zohal
- Newcombe Robert
- POSNOC Trialists
- Reed Malcolm
- Sadiq Shabina
- Singh Preetinder
- Tan Wei
- Vale Luke
- Whitham Diane
- Whynes David
- Publication venue
- 'BMJ'
- Publication date
- 01/12/2021
- Field of study
Introduction
ACOSOG-Z0011(Z11) trial showed that axillary node clearance (ANC) may be omitted in women with ≤2 positive nodes undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS) and whole breast radiotherapy (RT). A confirmatory study is needed to clarify the role of axillary treatment in women with ≤2 macrometastases undergoing BCS and groups that were not included in Z11 for example, mastectomy and those with microscopic extranodal invasion. The primary objective of POsitive Sentinel NOde: adjuvant therapy alone versus adjuvant therapy plus Clearance or axillary radiotherapy (POSNOC) is to evaluate whether for women with breast cancer and 1 or 2 macrometastases, adjuvant therapy alone is non-inferior to adjuvant therapy plus axillary treatment, in terms of 5-year axillary recurrence.
Methods and analysis
POSNOC is a pragmatic, multicentre, non-inferiority, international trial with participants randomised in a 1:1 ratio. Women are eligible if they have T1/T2, unifocal or multifocal invasive breast cancer, and 1 or 2 macrometastases at sentinel node biopsy, with or without extranodal extension. In the intervention group women receive adjuvant therapy alone, in the standard care group they receive ANC or axillary RT. In both groups women receive adjuvant therapy, according to local guidelines. This includes systemic therapy and, if indicated, RT to breast or chest wall. The UK Radiotherapy Trials Quality Assurance Group manages the in-built radiotherapy quality assurance programme. Primary endpoint is 5-year axillary recurrence. Secondary outcomes are arm morbidity assessed by Lymphoedema and Breast Cancer Questionnaire and QuickDASH questionnaires; quality of life and anxiety as assessed with FACT B+4 and State/Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires, respectively; other oncological outcomes; economic evaluation using EQ-5D-5L. Target sample size is 1900. Primary analysis is per protocol. Recruitment started on 1 August 2014 and as of 9 June 2021, 1866 participants have been randomised.
Ethics and dissemination
Protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee East Midlands—Nottingham 2 (REC reference: 13/EM/0459). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Trial registration number
ISRCTN54765244; NCT0240168Cite No
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Author
- Aamir Navivala
- Abdulwahab Arbi
- Abegail Hernandez Pena
- Abraham Hanburry
- Adedolapo Adeleke
- Adeera Levin
- Adil Hazara
- Adline Ghazi
- Agnes Masengu
- Ahmad Tuffaha
- Ahmed Awad
- Ahmed Ghanem
- Ai Fukasawa
- Aik Kheng Lee
- Aiko Terakawa
- Aiko Tomita
- Aiko Yamada
- Ailsa Geddes
- Airi Sato
- Akane Katanosaka
- Akane Yamamoto
- Akihiro Fujimoto
- Akihiro Katayama
- Akihito Tanaka
- Akiko Fujita
- Akiko Hashimoto
- Akiko Ishiguro
- Akiko Omata
- Akimasa Asai
- Akinwande Akinfolarin
- Akio Kanazawa
- Akiyo Nishiyama
- Akiyo Tanabe
- Alastair Rankin
- Alastair Woodman
- Albert Hing
- Albert Power
- Alberto Rosati
- Aldo P Maggioni
- Aldo Peixoto
- Aleksandra Murawska
- Alessandro D'Amelio
- Alex Aguilera
- Alex Baxter
- Alex Howson
- Alexa Wonnacott
- Alexander Hadley
- Alexander Hodakowski
- Alexander Paliege
- Alexis Africano
- Alexis Stevenson
- Alfio Giuffrida
- Alfred K Cheung
- Alia Hasan
- Alia Zubaidah Bahtar
- Alice Aitken
- Alice Guerini
- Aliseiya Garza
- Alison Cowley
- Alison Jenkins
- Alison Timadjer
- Allen Young
- Allison Leslie
- Amalia Caamano
- Amanda Aliu
- Amanda Axler
- Amanda Davis
- Amanda Scott
- Amanda Tyler
- Amar Ali
- Amber Avery
- Amber Hurst
- Amelia Te
- Ami Inamori
- Amin Oomatia
- Amir Kazory
- Amret Hawfield
- Amritanshu Pandey
- Amy Hudson
- Amy Hunter
- Amy Mottl
- Ana Moncada
- Anand Srivastava
- Anastassiya Reisler
- Anca Gherman
- Andre Valleteau
- Andrea Lorimer
- Andrea Schwab
- Andrea Webster
- Andrea Wilson
- Andreas Schneider
- Andrew Breach
- Andrew Connor
- Andrew Frankel
- Andrew Gordon
- Andrew Lewington
- Andrew Shepherd
- Andrew Steele
- Andy Burke
- Andy Measor
- Angela Bergner
- Angela Chamberlain
- Angela Field
- Angela Moon
- Angeline Mbuyisa
- Angharad Williams
- Anil George
- Anita Hepditch
- Anita Kamarzarian
- Anja Knoppe
- Anju Oommen
- Anke Torp
- Ankit Mehta
- Ann Bennett
- Ann Cooper
- Ann Vasseur
- Anna Brewer
- Anna Liew
- Anna Postal
- Anna Romo
- Anna Sampson
- Annalisa Aloisi
- Anne Froment
- Anne Grace
- Anne Schreiber
- Anne-Marie Beneat
- Annegret Fleischer
- Annette Kraemer-Guth
- Annie Saillant
- Annika Küpper
- Anoushka Bhatt
- Anthony Lambert
- Anthony Torres
- Anthoula Apostolidi
- Antonia Schuster
- Antonio Cardone
- Aoife O'Sullivan
- Aparna Padiyar
- Arash Rashidi
- Archie Maskill
- Arelis Madera
- Arif Khwaja
- Arihiro Kiyosue
- Asako Takesada
- Ashlee Morris
- Ashleigh Wheeler
- Ashley Lawson
- Ashwathy Varughese
- Ashwini Gore
- Asma Sabarai
- Astrid Maselli
- Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Atsuyuki Tokuyama
- Auguste Kutschat
- Autumn Wood
- Aya Kawase
- Aya Tanaka
- Aya Yamanaka
- Ayako Imai
- Ayana Tatsuzawa
- Aydin Er
- Ayesha Ali
- Ayesha Irtiza-Ali
- Aziee Sudin
- Bader Al-Zeer
- Baigent Colin
- Bak Leong Goh
- Balwinder Gill
- Ban Chai Peng
- Baochun Guo
- Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti
- Barbara Tucky
- Barbara Winter-Goodwin
- Barbara Zander
- Barry Johns
- Beate Schumacher
- Bellovich Keith
- Ben Bagwell
- Ben Caplin
- Bernd Hohenstein
- Bernd Kruger
- Bernd Schroppel
- Bernd Stratmann
- Bernhard Banas
- Bernhard Kraemer
- Bernhard Winkelmann
- Bethelihem Gebeyehu
- Bhavya Kothapalli
- Bhrigu Sood
- Bhupinder Grewal
- Bianca Weber
- Bianka Rettenmaier
- Binbin Jin
- Bob Goodenough
- Bradley Eilerman
- Brandy Caudill
- Brenner Susanne
- Brian Camilleri
- Brigitte Fuchs
- Britta Brettschneider
- Britta Zemann
- Brittany Cleveland
- Brittany Golson
- Brittany Whitmore
- Brueckmann Martina
- Camille Galloway
- Cara Healy
- Carina Krieger
- Carl-Philipp Roesch
- Carlo Castillo
- Carlo Garofalo
- Carlos Hernandez-Cassis
- Carlos Martinez
- Carly McDonald
- Carol Buckman
- Carol Knott
- Caroline Blake
- Carolyn Hutchinson
- Cashmere Hardy
- Cassandra Johnson
- Cassandra Kimber
- Cat Guest
- Cath Byrne
- Cathy Jackson
- Cecilia Barnini
- Cesira Cafiero
- Chakradhar Velagapudi
- Charalampos Kriatselis
- Charles Daniels
- Charles Herzog
- Charlotte Kamundi
- Chee Koon Low
- Chek Loong Loh
- Chelsia Bao Tyng Chan
- Chen Cheng
- Chen Hua Ching
- Cheng Beng Goh
- Cherney David
- Chetna Tailor
- Cheung Alfred K
- Chiara Saccà
- Chiara Salviani
- Chidambaram Nethaji
- Chie Hashimoto
- Chie Saito
- Chigusa Higuchi
- Chigusa Yamashita
- Chiho Murakami
- Chika Kuribayashi
- Chimaki Unekawa
- Chintankumar Barot
- Chloe Bird
- Chong Men Leong
- Chris Bowler
- Chrissie Ambrose
- Christian Albert
- Christian Hartner
- Christian Hugo
- Christina Büttner
- Christina Reith
- Christine Bond
- Christine Braun
- Christine Brown
- Christine McClary-Wright
- Christine Meshykhi
- Christine Pötz
- Christoph Stellbrink
- Christoph Wanner
- Christopher Goldsmith
- Christopher Hill
- Christopher Marshall
- Christopher Provenzano
- Christopher Sze Bing Sim
- Christopher Wong
- Chuanwen Xu
- Chukwuma Chukwu
- Chun Leong Low
- Chye Chung Gan
- Cindy Castro
- Cindy Vanhoy
- Claire Burston
- Claire Sharpe
- Claire Shenton
- Clare Hui Hong Tan
- Clare Macdonald
- Claudia Donhauser
- Claudia Foellinger
- Claudia Hanf
- Claudia Schmidt
- Claudia Schneider-Danwitz
- Clorinda Falcone
- Cole Valletta
- Conception Pugay
- Concetta Gangemi
- Conor Moran
- Cristina Badin
- Cristina Calvi
- Curtis Knight
- Cynthia Mohandas
- Daisuke Sato
- Daisy Arteaga
- Damini Jeyarajah
- Daniel Kraus
- Daniel Pinto
- Daniel Steffl
- Daniela Farrugia
- Danijela Bovan
- Danny Sugimoto
- Daria Motta
- Darya Hosein
- David Bains
- David Cherney
- David Loader
- David MacLean
- David Preiss
- David Sutton
- David Tietjen
- Davina Hewitt
- Debasish Banerjee
- Debbie Domingo
- Debbie Griffin
- Deborah Glowski
- Deborah Lund
- Deirdre Fottrell-Gould
- Denise Donaldson
- Denise Fleming-Brown
- Denise Laurienti
- Dennis Karounos
- Deo Rajat
- Derrick Bennett
- Devasmita Dev
- Dheeptha Radhakrishnan
- Diane Campbell
- Diane Watkins
- Diethelm Tschope
- Diliana Draganova
- Divya Birudaraju
- Dolores Rijos
- Domenico Santoro
- Dominic Fellowes
- Dominik Alscher
- Dominik Stoffler
- Donald Fraser
- Donata Lucci
- Donatella Bilucaglia
- Doo Yee Mah
- Doreen Zhu
- Doris Poehler
- Dorleena Gowen
- Duncan Browne
- Eason Chang
- Edmond Limon
- Edward Kinsella-Perks
- Edward Pereira
- Edwin Wong
- Egbert Schulz
- Eiichiro Kanda
- Eilbracht Jens
- Eirini Lioudaki
- Eitaro Nakashima
- Ekaterina Stellbrink
- Elaine Fung
- Eleanor Damian
- Elena Brioni
- Elias Ugwu
- Elif Turan
- Elisa Joye Petr
- Elisabeth Bahlmann-Kroll
- Elisabeth Laundy
- Elissa Williams
- Elizabeta Matvienko
- Elizabeth Newman
- Elizabeth Swanson
- Elke Preiss
- Elke Schettler
- Elliyyin Katiman
- Emberson Jonathan R
- Emi Kuroda
- Emily Chang
- Emily Harding
- Emily Laity
- Emily Sammons
- Emily Tropman
- Emma McHaffie
- Emma Sadler
- Emmie Cole
- Enric Vilar
- Eri Kogure
- Eri Nagashima
- Eri Yanagisawa
- Eric Wines
- Erika Perez
- Eriko Takahira
- Erin Latore
- Ester Baldini
- Esther Zhao Zhi Tan
- Etsuo Yoshidome
- Eunice Doctolero
- Eva Voigt
- Eve Miller-Hodges
- Evelina Grobovaite
- Evelyn Nadar
- Ewelina Eckrich
- Exodus Edmerson
- Fadia Boreky
- Fairol Huda Ibrahim
- Fang Chen
- Fang Feng
- Farah Amalina Mohamed Affandi
- Farah Hanis Zulkipli
- Farah Latif
- Farid Ghalli
- Fariz Safhan Mohamad Nor
- Federica Tripodi
- Federico Alberici
- Fengmin Shao
- Filippo Aucella
- Filippo Fani
- Filippo Farnia
- Florian Sonntag
- Fortunata Zirino
- France Samson
- Frances Morris
- Francesca Bianchini
- Francesco Pesce
- Francesco Russo
- Francesco Scolari
- Francesco Totaro
- Francisco Aguilar
- Francois Dube
- Francois Madore
- Frank McCarroll
- Frank Strutz
- Franz Putz
- Franziska Klauser
- Franziska Scheidemantel
- Freda Driver
- Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui
- Fujiko Hasegawa
- Fulvia Zappulo
- Fuye Yang
- Gabriele Eden
- Gaetano La Manna
- Gagandeep Dhillon
- Gail Evans
- Gail Makos
- Genesis Naverrete
- Genielle Brewer
- Gennaro Santorelli
- Georg Rainer Schlieper
- George Thomas
- Georges Nakhoul
- Geraldine Hernandez
- Gerard Martins
- Gerhard Klausmann
- Gerhard Schmidt
- Gianna Fabbri
- Gianni Carraro
- Gillian Whalley
- Gina Morig
- Giorgio Gentile
- Giovanna Leoncini
- Giovanni Gambaro
- Giovanni Piccinni
- Girish Shivashankar
- Giulia Nobili
- Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Giuseppe Spatoliatore
- Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Giuseppina Pessolano
- Godson Oguchi
- Golriz Jafari
- Goto Shinya
- Green Jennifer B
- Gregory Greenwood
- Guanguo Cui
- Guillermo Jimenez
- Gunnar Heine
- Gunter Wolf
- Guylaine Marcotte
- Haitao Zhang
- Haiyan Lin
- Hajar Ahmad Rosdi
- Hajime Nagasu
- Hamish Woodhouse
- Hanako Hase
- Hanna Reiner
- Hannah Kingston
- Hannah Turner
- Hans Schmidt-Gurtler
- Hao Dai
- Harald Darius
- Hari Dukka
- Hari Nair
- Harish Pariani
- Harold Szerlip
- Harpreet Bajaj
- Haruhito Uchida
- Haruka Sasajima
- Hasnah Yahaya
- Hasnain Khandwala
- Hauske Sibylle J
- Haynes Richard
- Heather Edwards
- Heather Henderson
- Heba Nosseir
- Helen Clarke
- Helen Eldon
- Helen French
- Helen Lochhead
- Helen Sparks
- Henry Brown
- Hermann Haller
- Herrington William G
- Hesham Ammar
- Hideki Fujii
- Hideki Kamiya
- Hideki Katagiri
- Hideo Araki
- Hideyoshi Kaga
- Hikari Uchi
- Hilary Tindall
- Hill Michael
- Hima Yalamanchili
- Hin Seng Wong
- Hirayasu Kai
- Hiroaki Sato
- Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Hiroko Inazawa
- Hiromasa Goto
- Hiromi Komori
- Hiromi Shimoda
- Hiroshi Kajio
- Hiroshi Kinashi
- Hiroshi Kojima
- Hiroshi Maegawa
- Hiroshi Morinaga
- Hiroshi Nishi
- Hirotaka Komaba
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroto Sugawara
- Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Hitomi Ito
- Hitomi Sato
- Hitomi Yoshikawa
- Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Hitoshi Kuwata
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Hitoshi Suzuki
- Holly Coles
- Holly Robinson
- Holly Waterfall
- Hong Cheng
- Hong Du
- Hong Liu
- Hooi Lai Seong
- Horst Weihprecht
- Huan Yean Kang
- Huaying Xiao
- Hubert Dumann
- Hugh Finn
- Hugh Murtagh
- Hui Xue
- Hui Yu
- Hui Zhong
- Huixia Cao
- Huzaifa Salim
- Hyder Jasim
- Iain MacDougall
- Ian Barton
- Ichiro Nojima
- Ikuko Kawai
- Imran Nazeer
- Ina Girakossyan
- Inga-Nadine Kummer
- Iradis Leal
- Irda Yasmoon Awang
- Irene Capelli
- Irene Leal
- Irina Schneider
- Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller
- Ismeal Ahmed
- Itsuko Miyazawa
- Jack Dienes
- Jacob Maris
- Jaime Wiebel
- Jaime Yoke May Chan
- James Bushnell
- James Magee
- James Muir
- James Tomlinson
- James Wheeler
- Jamie Bhairoo
- Jan Jochims
- Jan Kielstein
- Jan Menne
- Jane Piper
- Janet Wittes
- Janice Rogers
- Janina Renner
- Jaskiran Saini
- Jasmine Gaidu
- Jason Stubbs
- Javelin Peji
- Javier Almeida
- Jay Cadorna
- Jean Park
- Jeevika Vinathan
- Jeffrey Dugas
- Jeffrey Mulhern
- Jeffrey Turner
- Jennifer B Green
- Jennifer Ingell
- Jennifer Kearney
- Jennifer Sheldon
- Jennifer Stanfield
- Jennifer Stickley
- Jennifer Wiley
- Jenny Finch
- Jenny Hansen
- Jenny Ingell
- Jens Passauer
- Jerome Loutan
- Jessica Kaufeld
- Jessica Terry
- Jesslyn Roesch
- Jesus Arroyo
- Jiamin Liu
- Jianfang Cai
- Jianying Niu
- Jie Huang
- Jiehui Chen
- Jill Barton
- Jim Moriarty
- Jing Li
- Jing Wu
- Jinghong Zhao
- Jiro Nakamura
- Jo Chambers
- Jo Taylor
- Joachim Beige
- Joanne Davies
- Joanne Gordon
- Joanne Kellett
- Jocelyn Berdeprado
- Joel Topf
- Johannes Stegbauer
- John Evans
- John Manley
- John Nolan
- John O'Toole
- John Smyth
- Jon Tyler
- Jonathan Emberson
- Jonathan Hecktman
- Jonathan Taliercio
- Jordan Osmond Foster
- Jorge Jesus-Silva
- Joseph Aiello
- Joseph Soufer
- Josephine Tse
- Joyce Bilton
- Ju Fan Tay
- Juan Fernandez
- Judepatricks Onyema
- Judge Parminder
- Judi Graham
- Judith Plummer-Morgan
- Judy Ann Acosta
- Judy Carle
- Judy Lee
- Julia Krappe
- Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Julian Stumpf
- Juliette Meek
- Jun Eguchi
- Jun Okajyo
- Jun Takeoka
- Jun Wada
- Junichiro Nakata
- Junko Sato
- Junko Wada
- Justin Davis
- Justyna Witczak
- Jyothis George
- Kadowaki Takashi
- Kah Mean Thong
- Kahla Damianik
- Kaho Shimamura
- Kai Quan Lee
- Kaitlin J Mayne
- Kaitlin Knapp
- Kaitlyn Preston
- Kaitlyn Staylor
- Kana Uozumi
- Kana Wakayama
- Kanae Fujita
- Kaori Oishi
- Kaori Okamura
- Karen Chung
- Karen Convery
- Karen Taylor
- Karina Urquia
- Karl Wallendszus
- Katarzyna Eichstadt
- Kate Frederick
- Kate Trivedi
- Katharine Draxlbauer
- Katherine R Tuttle
- Kathryn DeGoursey
- Kathryn Lafferty
- Kathryn Simmons
- Kathy McCray
- Katia Sloan
- Katrina Taylor
- Katsutaro Morino
- Katsuya Tanigaki
- Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Kay Tobin
- Kayaho Maeda
- Kayla Merritt
- Kayo Kaneko
- Kazue Sawada
- Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Kazuhiro Ito
- Kazuki Tajima
- Kazuo Izumi
- Kazushige Hirata
- Kazuyo Takahashi
- Kazuyuki Yuasa
- Kei Takahashi
- Keiji Kono
- Keiko Inomata
- Keisuke Habuki
- Keizo Kaneko
- Kelli McIntosh
- Kelly White
- Kendaling Bruce
- Kengo Kidokoro
- Kenichi Shikata
- Kenji Ishihara
- Kenji Sugawara
- Kenji Tsuji
- Kenneth Boren
- Kenneth Kay Leong Khoo
- Kenta Sugamori
- Kentaro Watanabe
- Kerelyn Garcia
- Kerri Gallo
- Kerry Read
- Kerstin Haaser
- Kevin Murphy
- Kevin Verdel
- Kieran McCafferty
- Kim Bocchicchia
- Kim Wren
- Kirsty Forsyth
- Kiyohiro Izumi
- Koichi Kato
- Koin Watanabe
- Koji Maruyama
- Kojiro Ueki
- Kok Seng Teng
- Koki Shin
- Koko Ishizuka
- Konstantin Herfurth
- Korina Rahmat
- Kosuke Masutani
- Kristin Marx
- Kristine Calabrese
- Krystle Williams
- Ku Ruziana Ku Md Razi
- Kulli Barrett
- Kumar Sharma
- Kun Peng
- Kunihiro Ogane
- Kunihiro Yamagata
- Kwame Ansu
- Kyle Jansson
- Laiseong Hooi
- Laith Al-Rabadi
- Lance Sloan
- Landray Martin J
- Lars Rump
- Laura Bough
- Laura Brown
- Laura Cipressa
- Laura Hume
- Laura Jones
- Laura Lui Sian Ngu
- Laura Pavone
- Lauren Elliott
- Lauren Liberti
- Lauren Price
- Lauren Richmond
- Laurie Jones
- Laurie Loudermilk
- Lavinia Negrea
- Lea Weiland
- Leanne Cosgrove
- Lena Schulte-Kemna
- Lenita Hanson
- Lesley McNeil
- Lesley Weaving
- Leslie Cham
- Leslie Cooperman
- Leslie Harvill
- Levin Adeera
- Li Lian Tay
- Li Wang
- Li Jing
- Liam Paulsen
- Liang Wei Wong
- Libo Hou
- Lihong Zhang
- Lihua Zhang
- Lik Wee Ee
- Lily Mushahar
- Lily Wilkinson
- Linda Hill
- Linda Seifert
- Linda Tenbusch
- Lindsay Alexander
- Lindsey Wood
- Ling Zhu
- Lingshan Zhao
- Lini Kurian
- Lisa Davis
- Lisa Hichkad
- Lisa Hudig
- Lisa Shainberg
- Liu Yang
- Liu Wen
- Liu Zhi-Hong
- Lixia Liu
- Liz Wincott
- Logan Aldrich
- Loke Meng Ong
- Loreto Gesualdo
- Lorna Murphy
- Lorraine Dajani
- Lothar Wolf
- Louis Raymond
- Louisa Davies
- Louise Bowman
- Louise Fuessl
- Louise Messinger
- Louise Moist
- Louise Tonks
- Luca De Nicola
- Luca Estienne
- Luca Manco
- Luciano Andriaccio
- Lucio Polese
- Lucy Fletcher
- Luigi Pennino
- Luis Becker
- Lukasz Danel
- Luminita Condurache
- Lydia Kamaruzaman
- Lydia Owen
- Lyn Howie
- Lynda Jeffers
- Lynn Vinall
- Maarten Taal
- Madita Gavrila
- Madlen Rohnstock
- Mae Sheikh-Ali
- Magdalena Maurer
- Maggie Berry
- Maggie Ryder
- Maggioni Aldo P
- Mahboob Rahman
- Mahmoud Montasser
- Mahsa Jahangiriesmaili
- Mahzuz Karim
- Maiko Hayashi
- Maja Zietz
- Maki Murakoshi
- Makiko Hashimoto
- Makiko Minatoguchi
- Makoto Kato
- Makoto Yamaguchi
- Malini Shanmuganathan
- Mandeep Sahani
- Mandy Visnjic
- Manoj Bhattarai
- Manuela Martin
- Manuela Winkler
- Mara Schemmelmann
- Marcela Fajardo-Moser
- Marco Melandri
- Margaret Glenwright
- Margit Schmude
- Margret Patecki
- Maria Elena Liberti
- Maria Kawai
- Maria Russo
- Maria Vourvou
- Maria Weetman
- Maria Zippo
- Marie Breitenfeldt
- Marie Devaux
- Marie Phipps
- Marie-Christine Talbot
- Marie-France Langlois
- Marie-Pier Roussel
- Mariko Miyazaki
- Mariko Nakahara
- Marilene Bolduc
- Marilyn Roman
- Marina Markovic
- Marion Carson
- Marion Iselt
- Marion Mafham
- Mark Caple
- Mark Hopley
- Mark Jesky
- Mark Segal
- Markus Ketteler
- Marla Turner
- Marlon Alegata
- Marta Espino Obrero
- Martia Augustin
- Martin Brzoska
- Martin Busch
- Martin Dursch
- Martin J Landray
- Martin Kachele
- Martin Radley
- Martina Brueckmann
- Martina Ceseri
- Martina Ruocco
- Mary Parrigon
- Mary Quashie-Akponeware
- Mary Seifert
- Mary Webster
- Masafumi Fukagawa
- Masahiro Koizumi
- Masahiro Konishi
- Masahiro Muto
- Masakazu Haneda
- Masaki Kondo
- Masako Koshino
- Masami Nakata
- Masao Kihara
- Masaomi Nangaku
- Masaru Kinomura
- Masashi Kitagawa
- Masashi Oe
- Masasi Mizuno
- Masato Sakai
- Masayo Katayama
- Masayu Amat
- Masayuki Maiguma
- Massey Dan
- Masumi Abe
- Masumi Sobata
- Mathura Bullen
- Matteo Piemontese
- Matthew Budoff
- Matthew Lacey
- Matthew Taddeo
- Matthias Girndt
- Maurie Tarlac
- Maurizio Caroppo
- Mauver Skipper
- Maximillian von-Eynatten
- Maya Joseph
- Maya Matsushita
- Maylin Garcia
- Mayne Kaitlin J
- Mayu Kiyota
- Mayu Watanabe
- Mayumi Ito
- Megan Miners
- Megumi Furusho
- Megumi Kondo
- Megumi Nozawa
- Mei Chih Cheng
- Melanie Kershaw
- Melissa Cagle
- Melissa Garrity
- Merilee Whalen
- Mia Hamm
- Michael Delaney
- Michael Fechter
- Michael Haase
- Michael Hill
- Michael Koch
- Michael Lay
- Michael Matthews
- Michael Rocco
- Michael Schomig
- Michael Shepperd
- Michael Sullivan
- Michael Tolibas
- Michael Wittmann
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- Shunichiro Asahara
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- Sibylle J Hauske
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- Simona Barberi
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- Simone Boedecker
- Simone Hagge
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- Simone Vettoretti
- Sina Rolfsmeier
- Sion Roy
- Siti Munirah Jaafar
- Siti Nabilah Mohamad Zaini
- Smeeta Sinha
- Smita Gunda
- Sodai Kubota
- Sofia Dayi
- Sonja Grotjahn
- Sonoka Yamamoto
- Soo Kun Lim
- Soon Yi Sor
- Sorcha Mulligan
- Sri Yarlagadda
- Sridhar Ramanaidu
- Srinivasan Beddhu
- Stacey-Ann Villaruel
- Stacie Hitchcock
- Stacy Gillham
- Staplin Natalie
- Stefan Degenhardt
- Stefan Haack
- Stefan Hantel
- Stefanie Jones
- Stefanie Kuhn
- Stephan Matthias
- Stephanie Bolton
- Stephanie Estcourt
- Stephanie Evans
- Stephanie Martinez
- Stephanie Rosenberg
- Stephanie Watson
- Stephanie Whittaker
- Stephany Topping
- Stephen Aronoff
- Steubl Dominik
- Steven Nagelberg
- Stevens Will
- Stewart Moffat
- Subash Somalanka
- Subha Clarke
- Subrata Debnath
- Sucharit Joshi
- Sue Ann Lee
- Sue Hewins
- SueAnn Squyres
- Sui Phin Kon
- Sunil Bhandari
- Sunita Bavanandan
- Suresh Ramadoss
- Suria Junus
- Susan Haskett
- Susan Hurley
- Susan McLaughlin
- Susannah Pajak
- Susanne Bodine
- Susanne Brenner
- Susumu Nakatani
- Suzannah Dorey
- Sybille Merscher
- Tabbatha Duck
- Tabinda Dugal
- Tadahiro Tomita
- Taeko Uchida
- Tai Meng Chen
- Takahiro Ishikawa
- Takahiro Kato
- Takahiro Matsunaga
- Takahiro Yamano
- Takako Kuramae
- Takako Ozawa
- Takanori Hyo
- Takashi Funayama
- Takashi Kadowaki
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Takashi Udagawa
- Takatoshi Otani
- Takayuki Katsuno
- Takehiko Wada
- Takehiro Sugiyama
- Takeshi Kurose
- Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Takeshi Ogihara
- Takuji Ishimoto
- Takuma Kojo
- Takuya Haraguchi
- Takuya Yokoyama
- Tamaki Sasaki
- Tamara Isakova
- Tammi Glider
- Tammy Ross
- Tanaji Dasgupta
- Taneera Ghate
- Taniya Nimbkar
- Tanvi Talsania
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- The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent
- Theresa McCarthy
- Thiemo Pfab
- Thisun Saram
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- Tomohito Gohda
- Tomohito Izumi
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- Tomoki Kosugi
- Tomoko Hisatake
- Tomoko Morisaki
- Tomoko Takahashi
- Tomoko Takai
- Tomonori Hasegawa
- Tomoya Mita
- Torsten Schramm
- Toru Ikeda
- Toshiki Kano
- Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Toshiya Yamamoto
- Toshiyuki Komiya
- Toyoyoshi Uchida
- Tracey Cummins
- Tracy Fuller
- Tracy Spinola
- Trevor Greene
- Tricia Young
- Tristan Daniels
- Tsukasa Iwakura
- Tuttle Katherine R
- Tze Jian Ng
- Ulla Ludwig
- Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell
- Ulrike Schmidt
- Urs Benck
- Ursula Hohenstatt
- Usah Lilavivat
- Vahid Mahabadi
- Vanessa Rivers
- Verlaine Stewart-Ray
- Veronica Poma
- Veronica Yousif
- Vesta Lai
- Vicki Adell
- Vicki Brindle
- Vicki Dodds
- Vicki Donley
- Vickie Jones
- Victoria Carnall
- Victoria Gonce
- Vimal Derebail
- Vinay Varad
- Vittorio Ortalda
- Vivian Yiu
- Vladimir Cejka
- Volker Schettler
- Volker Vielhauer
- Wael Eid
- Wagdy Basily
- Wakako Isari
- Wallendszus Karl
- Waltraud Kmietschak
- Wan Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali
- Wan Hazlina Wan Mohamad
- Wanner Christoph
- Waqar Ayub
- Waseem Karsan
- Wasim Deeb
- Wasim Hanif
- Wataru Ogawa
- Wei Wang
- Wei Wei
- Weijing Bian
- Weiping Hou
- Weixin Kong
- Wen Jiun Liu
- Wen Liu
- Wendy Arriaga
- Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling
- Will Stevens
- William Durham
- William G Herrington
- William G Herrington
- William Hodge
- William Petchey
- Wolf-Adam Seeger
- Wolfgang Seeger
- Wuhanbilige Hundei
- Xavier Rossello
- Xia Song
- Xiangcheng Xiao
- Xiaojing Jiao
- Xiaojue Li
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Xinzhou Zhang
- Xiumei Hu
- Xuejiao Liu
- Xueying Wang
- Yan Li
- Yanmei Xu
- Yanping Wang
- YanRu Qiao
- Yanwu Yu
- Yanyun Xie
- Yao Weng
- Yao Yao
- Yasemin Kavak
- Yasuhiko Furukawa
- Yasuhiko Ito
- Yasuhiko Kanaguchi
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Yasushi Iwaita
- Ye Mun Low
- Yee Yan Lee
- Yew Fong Liew
- Yi Loon Tye
- Yik Hong Wong
- Yik Shen Lim
- Ying Hu
- Ying Jiang
- Ying Kuan
- Ying Lu
- Yinghua Chen
- Yohei Ejima
- Yoko Inukai
- Yolanda Miller
- Yong Chieh Chan
- Yonghong Bu
- Yoshiaki Morishita
- Yoshie Shibata
- Yoshifumi Tamura
- Yoshihiko Yamasaki
- Yoshihisa Wada
- Yoshikazu Tamori
- Yoshiki Suzuki
- Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
- Yoshinari Yasuda
- Yoshinori Osaki
- Yoshiro Kato
- Yoshiyuki Hamamoto
- Yosuke Hirakawa
- Yosuke Nakagawa
- Youcef Mostefai
- Young Lee-Barkey
- Yu An
- Yu Chen
- Yu Chen Ong
- Yu Yamanouchi
- Yuana Mohd Yusoff
- Yuichiro Munakata
- Yuji Oe
- Yuka Sato
- Yuka Ueda
- Yukari Miura
- Yuki Fujita
- Yuki Fukao
- Yuki Omori
- Yukihiro Shimizu
- Yukihiro Yamaji
- Yukiko Nakayama
- Yukiko Toyonaga
- Yukiko Wakita
- Yuko Katsuda
- Yuko Makita
- Yuko Okada
- Yuko Orimo
- Yumi Osawa
- Yushi Hirota
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Yutaka Kamimura
- Yuya Nishida
- Yvette Webley
- Yvonne Ehrl
- Yvonne Jackson
- Zabrina Lozon
- Zaid Azhari
- Zaiha Harun
- Zainab Sheriff
- Zanaida Cooper
- Zay Htet
- Zhang Duan Tham
- Zhi-Hong Liu
- Zhirui Zhao
- Zhu Doreen
- Zhuo Tang
- Zohreh Forghani
- Zuber Patel
- Publication venue
- 'Massachusetts Medical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo
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- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
- Afework Sarah
- Ahmad Nina
- Akamine Christine
- Ake Julie A.
- Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.
- Albert Gary
- Alcaide Maria L.
- Alderson Nathan
- Aleman Lily
- Alemán José O.
- Allaw Mohammed
- Alva E. Javier Pretell
- Alvarado Hilario
- Amador Carmen
- Andersen James
- Anderson Corey G.
- Anderson Evan J.
- Anderson Victoria R.
- Andes David R.
- Andrasik Michele P.
- Andree Stephanie
- Andrews Jeb
- Andriesen Jessica G.
- Andriulis Victoria
- Ansel Jessica L.
- Anthony Codi M.
- Antwi Mohammed
- Arduino Roberto C.
- Aristy Florida
- Arnold Valerie K.
- Arrazcaeta Alicia
- Atmar Robert L.
- Avworo Ayoade
- Bacher Christina
- Baden Lindsey R.
- Badillo Diana
- Bainbridge Emma
- Baka Michele
- Baker Sherrie
- Balani Bindu
- Ball Brandy
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- Baron Mira
- Barranco-Santana Elizabeth
- Bartilucci Darlene
- Bashour Jennifer
- Batteiger Teresa A.
- Baudelaire Clarisse
- Bazan Jose A.
- Becerra Maria G.
- Becker Teresa
- Beckmann David
- Bedimo Roger J.
- Belhorn Linda R.
- Benavides Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros
- Beninati Genevieve
- Benitez Jorge A.
- Bennett Annette R.
- Bennett Elizabeth
- Beresnev Tatiana
- Berman Megan
- Bermudez Maria I.
- Bernard Marcia
- Bernstein David I.
- Berry Andrea
- Berry Jennifer
- Berthaud Vladimir
- Bialobok Kristin
- Billings Joanne L.
- Bittner Zachary
- Blevins Jeanne
- Blumenthal Jill
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- Bocchini Joseph
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- Boswell Dean M.
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- Burgett Michelle L.
- Burgher Abram
- Butcher Michael B.
- Buynak Robert J.
- Bäcker Martín
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- Camacho-Gonzalez Andres
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- Campbell Wesley
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- Cannon Kevin D.
- Cantos Valeria D.
- Carmody Ellie
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- Carr Melissa
- Carrascal Monica B.
- Carsons Steven E.
- Carvajal Marianela
- Casey Denise
- Caso Jorge
- Castellino Flora
- Castellon Marvin
- Castro Mario
- Catan Hannah
- Cavert Winston
- Chacón Jorge A.
- Chadwick Mesha M.
- Chamberlain Amy
- Chan Austin
- Chang Jennifer
- Chebib Mouna G.
- Chen Corey M.
- Cheng Margaret
- Cho Iksung
- Choquette Karin
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- Chow Brian D.W.
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- Christensen Shane G.
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- Clarence B. Creech I I
- Clark Alexander
- Clark Jesse L.
- Claybrook Phillip
- Clement Andrea
- Clement Lauren
- Clemons Steve
- Cohen Lisa
- Cohen Stuart H.
- Coleman Jacob
- Colindres Roberto A. Viau
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- Conway James H.
- Cooksey Erin
- Coombs Robert W.
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- Cooper Deanna
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- Coslet Jordan
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- Cotugno Michael J.
- Cramer Paul
- Cromer Charnell
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- Cruz-Valdez Aurelio
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- Denham Douglas S.
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- Edupuganti Srilatha
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- Eickhoff Mark
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- Wahlin Tami
- Wakefield Paul H.
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- Walker James
- Walker Shannon
- Walsh Edward E.
- Walsh Mary C.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walter Emmanuel B.
- Walters Ayanna
- Wang Tina
- Warden Ashley
- Waters Michael
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- Webb Angella
- Webster Hala
- Weidler Jessica L.
- Weiss Thomas
- Wells Margaret
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendrow Andrea
- Werne Melody
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- Whatley Jordan L.
- Whitaker Jennifer A.
- White Jewel J.
- White Julie
- White Toni
- Wijewardane Priyantha N.
- Wilkin Timothy
- Wilkinson Bethanie
- William S. Davis Jr
- Williams Barton G.
- Williams Hayes
- Williams Samantha
- Wilson Christine
- Wilson Clint
- Wilson Greg
- Wilson Natasha
- Winbigler Jennifer
- Winkle Peter J.
- Winokur Patricia L.
- Witbeck John
- Wohl David
- Woo Wayne
- Woodside Leana
- Wortman Glenn
- Wu Yi H.
- Wylie Paul E.
- Yang Fan
- Yang Kinara S.
- Yoon Anelgine C.
- York Jill
- Young Cheryl
- Yu Chenchen
- Yusin Joseph
- Zapata Luz
- Zash Rebecca
- Zegarra Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena
- Zemanek Arthur L.
- Zenlea Kate
- Zepeda Karla
- Zervos Marcus J.
- Zhai Nan
- Zhang Kevin
- Zhou James
- Zimmer Andrea
- Zingman Barry S.
- Zorrilla Carmen D.
- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
- Andres Bran
- Andres Camacho-Gonzalez
- Andrew Lauria
- Andrew McConnell
- Andrew McWilliams
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Angela Lee
- Angela R. Branche
- Angelica Kottkamp
- Angella Webb
- Ann M. Milliken
- Ann R. Falsey
- Anna S. Lok
- Anna Wald
- Anne Marit de Groot
- Anne-Marie Rick
- Annette R. Bennett
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Annie Luetkemeyer
- Anthony Kim
- Anum Abbas
- Anyela Lara
- April Pixler
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Asha Inniss
- Ashley Kennedy
- Ashley Perez
- Ashley Warden
- Asif Noor
- Atoya Adams
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdez
- Austin Chan
- Austin Swanson
- Ayanna Walters
- Ayoade Avworo
- Bailey Jordan
- Barbara Corral
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara S. Taylor
- Barry S. Zingman
- Barton G. Williams
- Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Becky Martinez
- Ben Ladner
- Benjamin Eckhardt
- Benjamin J. Luft
- Bernard Grunstra
- Beth Safirstein
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Beverly E. Sha
- Beverly Ewing
- Bindu Balani
- Blanca Gomez
- Bo Shopsin
- Boerries Brandenburg
- Brandie Taylor
- Brandon J. Essink
- Brandy Ball
- Breanz Watkins
- Brenda Dorcely
- Brendan Levy
- Brett Gray
- Brett Leav
- Brian D.W. Chow
- Brit Sovic
- Brittany Feijoo
- Brittany Stewart
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Bruce McClenathan
- Bruno Valenti
- Bryan Gordon
- C. Mary Healy
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Caitlin Moran
- Candace Smith
- Candice Montros
- Carina A. Rodriguez
- Carl Fichtenbaum
- Carl P. Griffin
- Carlos A. Fierro
- Carlos del Rio
- Carlos Lopez
- Carlos Malvestutto
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Carmen A. Paez
- Carmen Amador
- Carmen D. Zorrilla
- Carmen Medina
- Carol Ann Linebarger
- Carol Kauffman
- Carol L. Mitchell
- Carolene Stephenson
- Caroline Greene
- Carolyn Scatamacchia
- Carolyn Tran
- Carrie Johnston
- Carrie Sopher
- Catherine A. Bunce
- Catherine Mary Healy
- Catherine Q. Gular
- Cathy Laflan
- Cecilia McKeown-Bragas
- Celia Gonzalez
- Celia Maxwell
- Charles Harper
- Charles M. Fogarty
- Charlotte-Paige Rolle
- Charnell Cromer
- Chelsea Miles
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chen S. Tan
- Chenchen Yu
- Cheryl Nuss
- Cheryl Young
- Chimeremma Nnadi
- Chinar Desai
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Christina A. Rostad
- Christina Bacher
- Christina Kennelly
- Christine Akamine
- Christine B. Turley
- Christine Hull
- Christine Wilson
- Christopher Carpenter
- Christopher Dedon
- Christopher Galloway
- Christopher Matich
- Christy Schmeck
- Christy Sweet
- Clarence B. Creech II
- Clarisse Baudelaire
- Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez
- Claudia Espinosa
- Claudio Nuñez Lagos
- Clint C. Guillory
- Clint Wilson
- Codi M. Anthony
- Colleen F. Kelley
- Colleen Jacobsen
- Connie Moya
- Cora Sonnier
- Corey G. Anderson
- Corey M. Chen
- Cornell Calinescu
- Corrina Pavetto
- Cortney Burch
- Cory J. Huffine
- Craig Dietz
- Cristina Cicogna
- Crystal Rowell
- Cynthia Becher Strout
- Cynthia Brown
- Cynthia Bueno
- Cynthia L. Gay
- Cynthia L. Monaco
- Cynthia Montano-Pereira
- Cyrus Hoseyni
- Dakotah C. Lane
- Dalia Tovar
- Daniel Duncanson
- Daniel Hoft
- Daniel Kaul
- Daniel S. Graciaa
- Daniel T. Lawler
- Daniela Pineda Méndez
- Danielle Raley
- Danny Sugimoto
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- Steven Palmer
- Steven Shinn
- Steven Shoptaw
- Steven Sperber
- Stuart H. Cohen
- Surisday Mederos
- Susan Jeanfreau
- Susan Kline
- Susan L. Koletar
- Susan Parker
- Susanne Doblecki-Lewis
- Suzanna Studdard
- Suzanne Fiorillo
- Suzanne Gharib
- Suzanne Swan
- Sybil G. Hosek
- Szheckera Fearon
- Tamara Richards
- Tambra Dora
- Tameika Scott
- Tami Wahlin
- Tammi L. Shlotzhauer
- Tana Bourgeois
- Tanya Hutchins
- Taryn Petty
- Tatiana Beresnev
- Tavane Harrison
- Taylor Nelson
- Teletha Gipson
- Teresa A. Batteiger
- Teresa Becker
- Teresa Deese
- Teresa S. Sligh
- Teri Thompson-Seim
- Terri Moye
- Terry D. Klein
- Terry L. Poling
- Terry Piedra
- Theresa Hegmann
- Thomas B. Campbell
- Thomas C. Klein
- Thomas C.S. Martin
- Thomas Mellman
- Thomas Patterson
- Thomas Weiss
- Tiffany Esinhart
- Tiffany Nemecek
- Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt
- Tilly Varughese
- Timothy J. Hatlen
- Timothy P. Vachris
- Timothy Shope
- Timothy W. Schacker
- Timothy Wilkin
- Tina Tong
- Tina Wang
- Toby Briskin
- Todd Simmons
- Tom Fiel
- Toni Robinson
- Toni White
- Tracy Okonya
- Tracy R. Klein
- Trina L. Reynolds
- Troy Holdeman
- Tyler D. Bold
- Uriel R. Felsen
- Valentine M. Ebuh
- Valeria D. Cantos
- Valerie K. Arnold
- Vanessa Abad
- Vanessa Raabe
- Veronica G. Fragoso
- Veronica Garcia-Fragoso
- Veronica Procasky
- Veronica Viar
- Vicki E. Miller
- Vickie Leathers
- Victoria Andriulis
- Victoria Engler
- Victoria Mosteller
- Victoria R. Anderson
- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
- Vincent Huynh
- Vincent Mirkil
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Viviana Gonzalez
- Vladimir Berthaud
- Walter Patton
- Wanda Ramon
- Waseem Chughtai
- Wayne L. Harper
- Wayne Woo
- Wendell Lewis
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Wesley Campbell
- Wesley Van Ever
- Westly Keating
- Whitney West
- Will Hernandez
- William B. Davis
- William B. Smith
- William H. Jones
- William Jennings
- William Kirby
- William P. Silver
- William R. Hartman
- William S. Davis Jr.
- William Schnitz
- William Seger
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health