Postmodernism approach in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh)

The history of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) has gone through various phases. From the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), it has continuously become a dynamic force in fulfilling the contemporary needs of the Ummah. After the period of imitation (taqlid), Islamic jurisprudence enters the renewal process (tajdid) in order to rejuvenate Muslim society to the practice of Ijtihad. The emergence of new approach was caused by the changes and developments in human life that spark to the existence of new issues, which their answers cannot be traced in the works of classical fiqh. Accordingly, some would prefer to utilize the postmodernism approach in the process of interpretation of the divine texts in order to get the ruling (hukm). Some of the thinkers and scholars seem to neglect the normative guide in classical Usul al-Fiqh (the principle of Islamic jurisprudence) and tend to formulate new approaches in jurisprudence deciding process such as deconstruction, hermeneutics, limitation theory and double movement theory. Therefore, this article tends to analyze in the frame of new discourse of postmodernism approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh). This is especially in jurisprudences that are related to gender issues such as polygamy, inheritance and woman's testimony. Eventually, it becomes crucial to critically analyse the postmodern approach in fiqh whether it is in accordance with the provision in the divine scripts and the higher objectives of Shariah. Key words: Islamic jurisprudence, Postmodernism, Gender, Fiqh, Polygam

Golongan gelandangan di Malaysia: Antara perluasan tafsiran asnaf Ibnu al-Sabil dan al-Riqab

Golongan gelandangan merupakan satu kelompok masyarakat marginal yang terdapat di bandar-bandar besar, misalnya di Kuala Lumpur. Kewujudan golongan ini adalah disebabkan pelbagai faktor yang menghimpit dan mendesak antaranya adalah kemiskinan bandar, konflik keluarga, gangguan mental dan gejala sosial. Bertitik tolak daripada faktor tersebut, mereka mengambil keputusan untuk tinggal di jalanan tanpa mempunyai tempat tinggal yang tetap dan sesuai. Dalam mendepani isu gelandangan, pelbagai bentuk bantuan telah diberikan kepada golongan gelandangan sama ada oleh agensi kerajaan ataupun pertubuhan bukan kerajaan, misalnya penyediaan penginapan transit, bantuan makanan dan sebagainya. Namun, dalam pengagihan zakat, tiada satu kategori asnaf yang khusus diperuntukkan bagi golongan gelandangan. Biasanya mereka dikaitkan dengan asnaf fakir miskin kerana hidup di jalanan. Sehubungan itu, untuk mengenalpasti status asnaf gelandangan, kajian ini menggabungkan antara pendekatan kepustakaan dan temubual bagi pengumpulan data. Data kualitatif telah dianalisis untuk menjelaskan tentang status gelandangan dan implikasinya terhadap penentuan asnaf yang sesuai dengan keadaan golongan ini. Hasil kajian mendapati, terdapat dua kategori asnaf dalam menangani golongan gelandangan. Pertama adalah asnaf ibn sabil dan kedua adalah asnaf al-riqab. Bantuan kategori asnaf ibn sabil disebabkan golongan gelandangan tiada kediaman yang khusus dan tinggal di jalanan umpama terputus bekalan, sedangkan di bawah kategori asnaf al-riqab disebabkan mereka dibelenggu oleh pemikiran negatif dan memilih kehidupan yang kotor serta serba kekurangan, iaitu di jalanan. Bagi asnaf ibn sabil, bantuan berbentuk segera boleh disalurkan seperti bantuan makanan, pakaian dan kit penjagaan diri, manakala asnaf al-riqab, bantuan jangka pendek berbentuk sokongan bagi tujuan pembebasan mereka dari belenggu negatif boleh diberikan. Misalnya seperti kursus motivasi, pembinaan jati diri dan latihan kemahiran yang bersesuaian. Dengan perletakan kategori yang khusus ini, golongan gelandangan dapat dibasmi di samping mereka dapat keluar daripada kepompong kemiskinan dan belenggu negatif, sekaligus mereka dapat menikmati bersama- sama kesejahteraan sosial dalam arus kemajuan bandar

Isu kutipan zakat merentasi sempadan negeri di Malaysia: Kajian dari perspektif hukum Islam

Isu kutipan dan agihan zakat sentiasa menjadi polemik dalam masyarakat Islam di Malaysia. Di sebalik isu ketidakcekapan dalam agihan zakat yang diwarwarkan, timbul juga isu yang berkaitan kutipan zakat. Akhir-akhir ini terdapat usaha untuk meningkatkan kadar kutipan zakat bagi negeri dengan pelbagai pendekatan dan strategi. Antaranya adalah perlantikan amil/agen sama ada di dalam ataupun di luar negeri dengan jumlah pembahagian dengan peratusan tertentu, misalnya pulangan dalam jumlah 70:30, malah ada institusi zakat yang memperuntukkan pulangan sehingga 50:50. Pendekatan ini dari satu aspek menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif kerana dapat meningkatkan kadar kutipan dan agihan zakat negeri. Namun begitu dari aspek yang lain, ia boleh menyebabkan pengurangan jumlah kutipan bagi pihak-pihak lain disebabkan lingkaran pembayar zakat daripada kalangan sasaran muzakki yang sama. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan membincangkan perspektif hukum Islam berkaitan dengan kutipan dan agihan zakat merentasi sempadan dalam konteks uruf Malaysia. Dengan itu, kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan sepenuhnya bagi mengumpulkan data. Data yang dikumpulkan telah dianalisis kandungannya bagi merumuskan dapatan kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati, dari perpektif hukum Islam, kutipan dan agihan merentasi sempadan negeri tidak diharuskan melainkan adanya maslahah. Begitu juga dengan kutipan zakat tanpa perlantikan amil yang sah adalah satu kesalahan jenayah Syariah bagi negeri-negeri. Oleh itu, pendekatan ini wajar dipertimbangkan semula sama ada oleh intitusi zakat negeri atau pihak agen luar seperti pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO) atau institusi pendidikan. Ini kerana zakat adalah instrumen kewangan yang terikat dengan penentuan asnaf khusus, bukannya bersifat terbuka kepada semua golongan dan semua keadaan di samping ia bukan sumber pendapatan asasi

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Fixed-base Driving Simulator Frame

This paper describes the design, analysis and fabrication of fixed-base driving simulator (FBDS) frame. It consists of the concept design, design selection, weighted decision matrix, assembly design, design analysis,fabrication, fitting and final product ergonomic study of the FBDS frame. In the concept design, based on the driver cockpit and seat, three FBDS frame concepts are designed. These 3 design concepts are undergone design selection process which consists of weighted decision matrix. Among the design concepts, the winning design is selected based on factor of safety from design analysis, the lowest material cost and the minimum time required to finish fabrication. The selected design is then fabricated to produce actual product. The ergonomic study is then performed on the actual product of FBDS frame. The results show that the FBDS frame is statistically favoured by the ergonomic study. The detail items in the design selection and weighted decision matrix are practical and reasonable to be applied for other product design analysis before the product can be fabricated

PM10 emission inventory of industrial and road transport vehicles in Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia

Rapid development in industrial and road transportation sector in developing countries has contributing the environmental issue. Determining the estimated PM10 emission in Klang Valley, Malaysia is based on the best available resources. Emission of PM10 from both sources was estimated particularly from numbers of industries (industrial area and emission factor) and the usage of motor vehicles (traffic volume, vehicle kilometer travel and emission factor). The PM10  emission from both industrial and road transportation sector were 88.59 tonne PM10/year and 32.36 tonne PM10/year respectively.Thus, the total estimated PM10 emission was 120.95 tonne PM10/year. Therefore, the PM10 emission from both sources in Klang Valley can be estimated based on the best available resources due to limitation of actual PM10 emission from both sector.Keywords: PM10 emission; emission factor; vehicle kilometer travel; industrial sector; road transportation secto

Issues on halal meat in Malaysian and Indonesian markets

In recent years, interest in meat issues and research has increased. Many consumers are concerned about the meat they eat because it's a main source of protein in a daily consumption. However in issues pertaining with meat, halal and safety are a vital focus for Muslim consumer, especially in Southeast Asia region. Some of the related issues in halal and safety meat are criminal and terrorist activities, including meat fraudulent such as adulterant substances (adulteration), substitution, livestock stolen, grey market product, smuggling, misrepresentation or mislabelling etc. In parallel with meat fraudulent activities, perpetrator tends to use a harmful and unsafety material in the meat product, namely glonggong meat, formalin meat, tiren meat, exotic meat etc. Thus, this review is intended to provide an overview of halal and safety issues in a meat product in the Malaysian and Indonesian markets. The findings show that there are various fraudulent actions that can threaten the lives of humans, animals and other food sources as well as opposed with Islamic Shariah guidance. Therefore, all parties need to mobilize a regional collaboration in combating food perpetrators and terrorist to ensure that the meat products in the market fit with halalan tayyiba criteria. In the same time, this collaboration will boost regional halal ecosystems grow rapidly, especially in Southeast Asia

Study of 5.8 GHz Band-Stop Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)

This paper presents the study of 5.8 GHz frequency selective surface (FSS) acts as a band stop to eliminate unwanted radiation signal at 5.8GHz. The FSS was designed using computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio software. The paper shows the comparison of square loop, octagon loop and hexagon loop of Band stop FSS (BSFSS) performance at 5.8 GHz. Besides, the BSFSS design using four different type of dielectric substrate such as FR-4, TLY-5, Roger RT5870 and Roger RT5880 were compared. The results obviously show that the Rogers RY5880 has the attenuation -44.72 dB.  The fabricated FSS were measured by using free space technique with two horn antennas connected to performance network analyzer (PNA). The measured and simulated results were compared. The results show that the square loop FSS structure have the better attenuation -26.76 dB (simulated) and -38.34 dB (measured) at 5.8 GHz

Performance of Energy Regenerative Suspension System through Laboratory Testing

Conventional suspension system provides ride comfort to passengers by absorbing the vibration and dissipating it to the environment. This paper aims to investigate the enhancement of regenerative suspension system (EReSS) in order to harvest energy from the vibration of vehicle suspension system. The system has been tested and accomplished utilizing laboratory test rig. The output voltage harvested up to 32.76 V at 400 windings. In accordance to the obtained results, it is observed that the proposed system can minimize the energy wastage due to the vibration and produces effective electrical and electronic utilizations. In addition, the output voltage of the EReSS can be affected by the number of windings of the coil and diameter of the coil. The EReSS has been proven successful in harvesting energy; therefore, it can be used on hybrid and electric vehicle to improve efficiency of the vehicle and reduce fuel consumption

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The computational accuracy of cover time for circular sensing range

10.1007/978-3-642-15810-0_44Communications in Computer and Information Science103 CCIS346-35