6 research outputs found

    Genome rearrangements and megaplasmid loss in the filamentous bacterium Kitasatospora viridifaciens are associated with protoplast formation and regeneration

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    Filamentous Actinobacteria are multicellular bacteria with linear replicons.聽Kitasatospora viridifaciens聽DSM 40239 contains a linear 7.8聽Mb chromosome and an autonomously replicating plasmid KVP1 of 1.7聽Mb. Here we show that lysozyme-induced protoplast formation of the multinucleated mycelium of聽K. viridifaciens聽drives morphological diversity. Characterisation and sequencing of an individual revertant colony that had lost the ability to differentiate revealed that the strain had not only lost most of KVP1 but also carried deletions in the right arm of the chromosome. Strikingly, the deletion sites were preceded by insertion sequence elements, suggesting that the rearrangements may have been caused by replicative transposition and homologous recombination between both replicons. These data indicate that protoplast formation is a stressful process that can lead to profound genetic changes

    Stress-induced formation of cell wall-deficient cells in filamentous actinomycetes

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    The cell wall is a shape-defining structure that envelopes almost all bacteria and protects them from environmental stresses. Bacteria can be forced to grow without a cell wall under certain conditions that interfere with cell wall synthesis, but the relevance of these wall-less cells (known as L-forms) is unclear. Here, we show that several species of filamentous actinomycetes have a natural ability to generate wall-deficient cells in response to hyperosmotic stress, which we call S-cells. This wall-deficient state is transient, as S-cells are able to switch to the normal mycelial mode of growth. However, prolonged exposure of S-cells to hyperosmotic stress yields variants that are able to proliferate indefinitely without their cell wall, similarly to L-forms. We propose that formation of wall-deficient cells in actinomycetes may serve as an adaptation to osmotic stress

    Implementaci贸n de un protocolo para la producci贸n de ra铆ces pilosas (hairy roots) de u帽a de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) mediante transformaci贸n con Agrobacterium rhizogenes

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    The beneficial health proper ties registered of secondary metabolites produced by the plant cat鈥檚 claw (Uncaria tomentosa) had generated a strong market demand and intensive extraction of this species in the countries where distributed, with the deterioration of this genetic resource in its natural habitat. Because of this, is necessary to implement protocols for cell and tissue culture of this species in order to achieve the synthesis of compounds in a controlled manner.The root bark is one of the tissues where the production of these compounds is concentrated. Because of this,the production of hairy roots becomes an alternative technique for scale production of the metabolites of interest. In this research, a protocol was implemented using agroinfection of U. tomentosa shoot tips with wild strains of Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 and A4RS) and maintenance of hairy roots obtained. In collaboration with the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the PIPRA program (UC Davis), we determined the efficacy of this agroinfection protocol and the use of other molecular tools which showed satisfactory results in testing agroinfection under the methodologies established.Los beneficios para la salud registrados a partir del uso de metabolitos secundarios de la planta llamada u帽a de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) han generado una fuerte demanda comercial, as铆 como la extracci贸n intensiva de esta especie en los pa铆ses en los cuales se distribuye, con el consecuente deterioro de este recurso gen茅tico en su h谩bitat natural. Es por eso que resulta necesario implementar protocolos de cultivo de c茅lulas y tejidos de esta especie, con el fin de lograr la s铆ntesis de los compuestos en forma controlada. La corteza de las ra铆ces es uno de los tejidos en los que se concentra la producci贸n de estos compuestos, raz贸n por la cual la producci贸n de ra铆ces de cabellera (hairy roots) resulta ser una t茅cnica alternativa para la producci贸n a escala de los metabolitos de inter茅s. En este proyecto se implement贸 un protocolo de agroinfecci贸n de microestacas de U. tomentosa utilizando cepas silvestres de Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 y A4RS), as铆 como el mantenimiento en medio l铆quido de las ra铆ces pilosas obtenidas. En colaboraci贸n con el Laboratorio de Biolog铆a Molecular del programa PIPRA (UC Davis), se determin贸 la eficacia del protocolo de agroinfecci贸n, as铆 como el uso de otras herramientas moleculares para la detecci贸n de expresi贸n g茅nica, las cuales mostraron resultados satisfactorios en los ensayos de agroinfecci贸n, bajo las metodolog铆as establecidas en el proyecto

    Implementaci贸n de un protocolo para la producci贸n de ra铆ces pilosas (hairy roots) de u帽a de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) mediante transformaci贸n con Agrobacterium rhizogenes

    No full text
    The beneficial health proper ties registered of secondary metabolites produced by the plant cat鈥檚 claw (Uncaria tomentosa) had generated a strong market demand and intensive extraction of this species in the countries where distributed, with the deterioration of this genetic resource in its natural habitat. Because of this, is necessary to implement protocols for cell and tissue culture of this species in order to achieve the synthesis of compounds in a controlled manner.The root bark is one of the tissues where the production of these compounds is concentrated. Because of this,the production of hairy roots becomes an alternative technique for scale production of the metabolites of interest. In this research, a protocol was implemented using agroinfection of U. tomentosa shoot tips with wild strains of Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 and A4RS) and maintenance of hairy roots obtained. In collaboration with the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the PIPRA program (UC Davis), we determined the efficacy of this agroinfection protocol and the use of other molecular tools which showed satisfactory results in testing agroinfection under the methodologies established.Los beneficios para la salud registrados a partir del uso de metabolitos secundarios de la planta llamada u帽a de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) han generado una fuerte demanda comercial, as铆 como la extracci贸n intensiva de esta especie en los pa铆ses en los cuales se distribuye, con el consecuente deterioro de este recurso gen茅tico en su h谩bitat natural. Es por eso que resulta necesario implementar protocolos de cultivo de c茅lulas y tejidos de esta especie, con el fin de lograr la s铆ntesis de los compuestos en forma controlada. La corteza de las ra铆ces es uno de los tejidos en los que se concentra la producci贸n de estos compuestos, raz贸n por la cual la producci贸n de ra铆ces de cabellera (hairy roots) resulta ser una t茅cnica alternativa para la producci贸n a escala de los metabolitos de inter茅s. En este proyecto se implement贸 un protocolo de agroinfecci贸n de microestacas de U. tomentosa utilizando cepas silvestres de Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 y A4RS), as铆 como el mantenimiento en medio l铆quido de las ra铆ces pilosas obtenidas. En colaboraci贸n con el Laboratorio de Biolog铆a Molecular del programa PIPRA (UC Davis), se determin贸 la eficacia del protocolo de agroinfecci贸n, as铆 como el uso de otras herramientas moleculares para la detecci贸n de expresi贸n g茅nica, las cuales mostraron resultados satisfactorios en los ensayos de agroinfecci贸n, bajo las metodolog铆as establecidas en el proyecto

    Implementaci贸n de un protocolo para la producci贸n de ra铆ces pilosas (hairy roots) de u帽a de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) mediante transformaci贸n con Agrobacterium rhizogenes

    No full text
    The beneficial health proper ties registered of secondary metabolites produced by the plant cat鈥檚 claw (Uncaria tomentosa) had generated a strong market demand and intensive extraction of this species in the countries where distributed, with the deterioration of this genetic resource in its natural habitat. Because of this, is necessary to implement protocols for cell and tissue culture of this species in order to achieve the synthesis of compounds in a controlled manner.The root bark is one of the tissues where the production of these compounds is concentrated. Because of this,the production of hairy roots becomes an alternative technique for scale production of the metabolites of interest. In this research, a protocol was implemented using agroinfection of U. tomentosa shoot tips with wild strains of Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 and A4RS) and maintenance of hairy roots obtained. In collaboration with the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the PIPRA program (UC Davis), we determined the efficacy of this agroinfection protocol and the use of other molecular tools which showed satisfactory results in testing agroinfection under the methodologies established.Los beneficios para la salud registrados a partir del uso de metabolitos secundarios de la planta llamada u帽a de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) han generado una fuerte demanda comercial, as铆 como la extracci贸n intensiva de esta especie en los pa铆ses en los cuales se distribuye, con el consecuente deterioro de este recurso gen茅tico en su h谩bitat natural. Es por eso que resulta necesario implementar protocolos de cultivo de c茅lulas y tejidos de esta especie, con el fin de lograr la s铆ntesis de los compuestos en forma controlada. La corteza de las ra铆ces es uno de los tejidos en los que se concentra la producci贸n de estos compuestos, raz贸n por la cual la producci贸n de ra铆ces de cabellera (hairy roots) resulta ser una t茅cnica alternativa para la producci贸n a escala de los metabolitos de inter茅s. En este proyecto se implement贸 un protocolo de agroinfecci贸n de microestacas de U. tomentosa utilizando cepas silvestres de Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 y A4RS), as铆 como el mantenimiento en medio l铆quido de las ra铆ces pilosas obtenidas. En colaboraci贸n con el Laboratorio de Biolog铆a Molecular del programa PIPRA (UC Davis), se determin贸 la eficacia del protocolo de agroinfecci贸n, as铆 como el uso de otras herramientas moleculares para la detecci贸n de expresi贸n g茅nica, las cuales mostraron resultados satisfactorios en los ensayos de agroinfecci贸n, bajo las metodolog铆as establecidas en el proyecto

    Stress-induced formation of cell wall-deficient cells in filamentous actinomycetes

    Get PDF
    The cell wall is a shape-defining structure that envelopes almost all bacteria and protects them from environmental stresses. Bacteria can be forced to grow without a cell wall under certain conditions that interfere with cell wall synthesis, but the relevance of these wall-less cells (known as L-forms) is unclear. Here, we show that several species of filamentous actinomycetes have a natural ability to generate wall-deficient cells in response to hyperosmotic stress, which we call S-cells. This wall-deficient state is transient, as S-cells are able to switch to the normal mycelial mode of growth. However, prolonged exposure of S-cells to hyperosmotic stress yields variants that are able to proliferate indefinitely without their cell wall, similarly to L-forms. We propose that formation of wall-deficient cells in actinomycetes may serve as an adaptation to osmotic stress
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