Increasing Income and Employment through Sustainable Farming Systems in Water Scarce Region of Uttar Pradesh

The farming systems in the water-scarce region of semiarid Uttar Pradesh have been examined. The availability of land and also of water has become the most limiting factors in farming for increasing the levels of farm income and employment. Therefore, an effort has been made to suggest sustainable farming systems through optimization of farm resources and also by putting restriction on the availability of irrigation water. It has been shown that the income and employment could be increased in the water-scarce situation if the farm resources are utilized optimally and less water-requiring crops/ activities are selected in the farm plan.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Brush-like surface using heparin/chitosan based nanoparticles for blood-contacting applications

2013 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.With increasing applications of biomedical implants, it is crucial to develop surfaces that are blood compatible, meaning they do not induce platelet or protein adhesion. Many implants that are currently used to treat a wide range of problems have one major drawback, they can induce thrombosis. The endothelial glycocalyx plays a crucial role in preventing thrombosis. Based on this idea, we set out to develop a surface that has a brush-like structure similar to that of the endothelial glycocalyx. We developed the surface by adsorbing negatively charged heparin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles onto a heparin/tri-methylchitosan polyelectrolyte multilayer. The surface was then characterized using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), atomic force microsocopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and polarization modulation-infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Using these techniques we confirmed that we had created a surface with brush- like structure. Our hypothesis that the nanoparticles on the surface swell and form a brush-like structure when exposed to physiological conditions seems to be correct, as a result, we feel the surface we have developed could have a wide range of applications in the biomedical field

Development And Empirical Validation Of Algorithm On Division Of Polynomials For Tenth Grade Students

An important task in the field of education is the improvement in the teaching-learning process. Algorithmic instruction has been widely used with advantages not only in classroom study but also in teaching, in the medicine industry, and in public services in advanced countries. Algorithms as a self – instructional technique needs to be tried out in India. An algorithm not only helps to master new skills but, also lessens the time gap in achieving those skills. With this view and using mathetic style of programming this study was designed for tenth-grade students

A Study on the Economics of Milk Processing in a Dairy Plant in Haryana

The economics of manufacturing of different dairy products, viz. ghee, full-cream milk, standardized milk, toned milk, double-toned milk, skimmed milk and ice-cream (processing only) have been reported. The study has been conducted in an ISO-9002 dairy plant situated in the north-eastern part of Haryana. It has been observed that all the products, except the double-toned milk are being produced above the recommended breakeven level. A comparison of unit manufacturing cost with unit price received by the plant for different products has revealed that ice-cream manufacturing has been the most profitable proposition among different dairy products, and standardized milk has provided the maximum profit margin among the milk pouches manufactured during the study period, 2000-01. The double-toned milk has revealed a loss. Therefore, the study has suggested that the quantity of double-toned milk production should be raised at least equal to the recommended break-even level to avoid losses, if there is a market demand for this product or the resources of this product could be shifted to some other profitable products.Agricultural and Food Policy,

The Real-World Impacts of Woodcutting in Old School RuneScape

This paper looks at the process of achieving a maximum woodcutting level (99) within the game Old School RuneScape (OSRS) and looks at the potential effects if these actions occurred in real life. An assumption made is that only teak trees are cut, as this is the most prevalent type of tree cut within the game while levelling up. The value obtained is 153,082 teak logs per player. Then the conversion between logs obtained in the game to real-life trees is calculated to be 8 logs for each real-life tree. Using real-world values from teak farms, it is found that 172,224 m2 of space and 19,136 teak trees are needed for one player to achieve level 99. The potential consequences of these actions are discussed in the case that every single account with level 99 woodcutting within OSRS completed a similar process in real life. The potential result is that 14.7% of the world’s teak farms would need to be cut and the carbon storage of these trees can be compared to the addition of 1,009,200 cars over 10 years, approximately 3.2% of the total cars in the UK

Could a Dalek download the Internet in just 22 seconds?

This paper investigates the feasibility of a Dalek, a villain from the popular British Sci-Fi show Doctor Who, being able to download the Internet in just 22 s, as shown in the episode “Dalek”. A number of assumptions were made regarding the size of the surface Internet in the release year of the episode (2005) and the download speeds of both 2005 and also the year the episode was set (2012). The various calculations made, led to the conclusion that the time taken in the episode was far too short, both when using download speeds of 0.27 MBs-1 in 2005 and 3.25 TBs-1 in 2012. The time needed was calculated to be 25,502 years in 2005 and 140 minutes in 2012

Input energy requirements for processing convenient chicken products

In order to assess the economic Production of cooked chicken stock and cooked gizzard stock, data were collected on Product yield, input output energy requirements and qualitative differences in these Products Processed manually at experimental scale. A total of eight trials, including four replicates, were done for each Product. Preparation of cooked chicken stock rendered 46.24% and 69.01 % yield for raw and de-skinned chicken meat respectively, whereas the Processing ofcooked gizzard stock yielded 36.79% and 60.05%Product for raw and defatted gizzard respectively. Pilot studies on input energy requirements revealed the need for 0.765 MJ human energy (hE) and 2.617 MJ electrical inputs for Processing a kilogram (kg) of dressed chicken; while 1.138 MJ human energy and 3.148 MJ electrical inputs were required to Process a kg of raw gizzards. Physico-chemical analysis of samples showed greater shear Press value for cooked gizzard stock but overall acceptability of Products was insignificantly (P<0.05) different. However, more caloric outputs were calculated from cooked gizzard stock (333 Cal/100 g) than from cooked chicken stock (315 Cal/100 g). Based on the existing market rates of the ingredients used and input energy requirements, the Processing ofcooked gizzard stock was found to be cost effective (22 Cal/rupee) as compared to cooked chicken stock (17 Cal/rupee)

A new indication for elective induction of labor COVID-19 pandemic effect

Background: Induction of labour is performed in certain circumstances which involve greater risks of waiting for the onset of spontaneous labour than the risks due to shortening the duration of pregnancy by induction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in patients undergoing elective induction during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 60 ANC patients with singleton pregnancy and POG >39 weeks coming to OPD with negative COVID-19 RT-PCR report. To avoid the burden of repeat testing after one week and risk of exposure to COVID-19 virus from community, patients were induced. All the data was recorded and analyzed.Results: Most of the patients were in age group of 20-25 years (50%) and only 6.7% of the patients were older than 30 years. 32 (53.3%) patients were multiparous and 50% of the patients were having Bishop score between 2-5 and only 8.3% had bishop score of more than 5. 47 patients (78.3%) underwent normal vagina delivery whereas 12 patients (20%) underwent LSCS. Failure of Induction was the indication for LSCS in 5 patients (41.7%).Conclusions: Elective induction was found to be better option in COVID-19 negative patients. All pregnant women should be monitored for development of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 particularly if they have had close contact with a confirmed case. Pregnancy and childbirth generally do not increase the risk for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection but may worsen the clinical course of COVID-19 compared with nonpregnant individuals of the same age.

Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in Partial Exchange and Packed Cell Transfusion in Treatment of Severe Anemia in Pregnancy

Objectives. Anemia is a major public health problem throughout the world which assumes prominence in pregnant mothers. Patients with severe anemia continue to present themselves at term or in labor. This study was conducted to compare the improvements in hematological parameters of patients receiving partial exchange blood transfusion and transfusion of packed cells without exchange. Methods. One hundred and twenty-five severely anemic antenatal mothers were admitted from outpatient service. Partial exchange transfusion was given to sixty-six patients while fifty-nine received transfusion of packed cells with frusemide cover. Results. The two groups were comparable in terms of age, height, weight, religion, diet, education, occupation of self and husband, and income. Hemoglobin level in Group 1 was comparatively less than Group 2 at prelevel (5.2 ± 1.5 versus 6.6 ± 2.3, P = 0.001) and postlevel (7.2 ± 1.5 versus 8.6 ± 1.8, P = 0.001), respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two modes of transfusion (2.09 ± 1.6 versus 2.01 ± 1.5, P = 0.78). Conclusion. The study produced an equally significant improvement in hematological parameters in partial exchange and packed cell transfusion. Platelet counts were significantly less in partial exchange as compared with packed cell transfusion