Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minimal medium and with a nitrogen concentration of 1 g L−1. Mass spectrometry results show the crude biosurfactant produced was predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C10-C10) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C10-C10) at 503 and 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production of crude rhamnolipid for PFAD was 1.06 g L−1 whereas for FAME it was 2.1 g L−1, with a reduction in surface tension of Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution to 28 mN m−1 and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 26 mg L−1 measured for both products. Furthermore, the 24 h emulsification indexes in kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil using 1 g L−1 of crude rhamnolipid were in the range 20–50%. Consequently, PFAD and FAME, by-products from the agricultural refining of palm oil, may result in a product that has a higher added-value, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, in the process of integrated biorefinery

Infrared Spectroscopy for Studying Structure and Aging Effects in Rhamnolipid Biosurfactants

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-10-12, pub-electronic 2021-11-14Publication status: PublishedFunder: Geran Putra-IPM, Universiti Putra Malaysia; Grant(s): 9680100Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minimal medium and with a nitrogen concentration of 1 g L−1. Mass spectrometry results show the crude biosurfactant produced was predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C10-C10) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C10-C10) at 503 and 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production of crude rhamnolipid for PFAD was 1.06 g L−1 whereas for FAME it was 2.1 g L−1, with a reduction in surface tension of Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution to 28 mN m−1 and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 26 mg L−1 measured for both products. Furthermore, the 24 h emulsification indexes in kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil using 1 g L−1 of crude rhamnolipid were in the range 20–50%. Consequently, PFAD and FAME, by-products from the agricultural refining of palm oil, may result in a product that has a higher added-value, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, in the process of integrated biorefinery

Moisture content of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus l.) stem based on microwave dielectric properties

This research investigated the relationship between microwave the dielectric properties of kenaf plant and it‘s MC for purpose of developing an in-situ sensor for the measurement of kenaf stem fibre MC. The rectangular waveguide resonator method was used to determine the dielectric properties of kenaf stems and the results were compared with those of the oven dried method of various drying times. The relationship between the dielectric properties and MC and frequency were investigated. The dielectric constant, ε‘ and loss facor, ε‖ in the kenaf stem, core and bast at frequencies 8.7875 GHz and 10.1882 GHz showed cubic relationship with MC. The equation for in-situ MC determination in kenaf stem was established and compared with those of the conventional drying method to evaluate the accuracy of the new equation established. The R2 value for kenaf stem samples at B, M and T portion at frequency show strong relationship that is above 0.9 compared with kenaf core and bast samples. In bast, the correlation between dielectric properties with MC was not good thus the MC determination equation cannot be established. The ability of this technique to determine the kenaf stem MC accurately and rapidly will not only help in improving the efficiency of decorticator machine in kenaf processing,but also in improving fibre quality and market price of kenaf fibre

Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minimal medium and with a nitrogen concentration of 1 g L−1. Mass spectrometry results show the crude biosurfactant produced was predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C10-C10) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C10-C10) at 503 and 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production of crude rhamnolipid for PFAD was 1.06 g L−1 whereas for FAME it was 2.1 g L−1, with a reduction in surface tension of Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution to 28 mN m−1 and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 26 mg L−1 measured for both products. Furthermore, the 24 h emulsification indexes in kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil using 1 g L−1 of crude rhamnolipid were in the range 20–50%. Consequently, PFAD and FAME, by-products from the agricultural refining of palm oil, may result in a product that has a higher added-value, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, in the process of integrated biorefinery

Determination of the relationship between the moisture content and microwave dielectric properties in kenaf stem

A brief history of kenaf stem moisture content measurement by sensing the dielectric properties of kenaf stem is presented. The basic principles are also described for using microwave dielectric properties of kenaf stem for sensing moisture through their correlation with moisture content. Development of these techniques will provide useful instruments for on-line monitoring of moisture content in kenaf stem processing to separate between bast and core of kenaf stem and thus increase the quality of natural fibre, prevent spoilage in storage and transport, improve processing, and provide information important for yield determinations in precision agriculture applications

Sensorial characteristics of noodles incorporated with local Dabai fruit (Canarium odontophyllum) powder

Noodles are different from pasta and can be differentiated based on their ingredients and manufacturing processes. Noodles are made from common wheat flour and have high popularity among the Asian countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensory properties of noodles incorporated with local Dabai fruit (Canarium odontophyllum) powder. In this study, noodles were prepared with three different level percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%) of Dabai powder as wheat flour substitution. The four-formulation including a control were evaluated for the sensory properties in terms of colour, aroma, taste, texture, overall acceptability and purchase intention. Among all the formulations, Dabai noodles of formulation 1 (10% Dabai) showed significant overall preference by the panelists. Panelists found that noodles incorporated with 10% Dabai powder are attractive for normal consumer while noodles incorporated with 30% Dabai powder are appealing for Dabai fruits lovers considering the aroma and taste as well