6,140 research outputs found
Shape-changing Collisions of Coupled Bright Solitons in Birefringent Optical Fibers
Wecritically review the recent progress in understanding soliton propagation
in birefringent optical fibers.By constructing the most general bright
two-soliton solution of the integrable coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equation
(Manakov model) we point out that solitons in birefringent fibers can in
general change their shape after interaction due to a change in the intensity
distribution among the modes even though the total energy is conserved.
However, the standard shape-preserving collision (elastic collision) property
of the (1+1)-dimensional solitons is recovered when restrictions are imposed on
some of the soliton parameters. As a consequence the following further
properties can be deduced using this shape-changing collision. (i) The exciting
possibility of switching of solitons between orthogonally polarized modes of
the birefringent fiber exists. (ii) When additional effects due to periodic
rotation of birefringence axes are considered, the shape changing collision can
be used as a switch to suppress or to enhance the periodic intensity exchange
between the orthogonally polarized modes. (iii) For ultra short optical soliton
pulse propagation in non-Kerr media, from the governing equation an integrable
system of coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equation with cubic-quintic terms is
identified. It admits a nonlocal Poisson bracket structure. (iv) If we take the
higher-order terms in the coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equation into account
then their effect on the shape-changing collision of solitons, during optical
pulse propagation, can be studied by using a direct perturbational approach.Comment: 14 pages, ROMP31, 4 EPS figure
Considerations concerning fatigue life of metal matrix composites
Since metal matrix composites (MMC) are composed from two very distinct materials each having their own physical and mechanical properties, it is feasible that the fatigue resistance depends on the strength of the weaker constituent. Based on this assumption, isothermal fatigue lives of several MMC's were analyzed utilizing a fatigue life diagram approach. For each MMC, the fatigue life diagram was quantified using the mechanical properties of its constituents. The fatigue life regions controlled by fiber fracture and matrix were also quantitatively defined
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Microstructural Alterations in Hippocampal Subfields Mediate Age-Related Memory Decline in Humans.
Aging, even in the absence of clear pathology of dementia, is associated with cognitive decline. Neuroimaging, especially diffusion-weighted imaging, has been highly valuable in understanding some of these changes in live humans, non-invasively. Traditional tensor techniques have revealed that the integrity of the fornix and other white matter tracts significantly deteriorates with age, and that this deterioration is highly correlated with worsening cognitive performance. However, traditional tensor techniques are still not specific enough to indict explicit microstructural features that may be responsible for age-related cognitive decline and cannot be used to effectively study gray matter properties. Here, we sought to determine whether recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging, including Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Constrained Spherical Deconvolution, would provide more sensitive measures of age-related changes in the microstructure of the medial temporal lobe. We evaluated these measures in a group of young (ages 20-38 years old) and older (ages 59-84 years old) adults and assessed their relationships with performance on tests of cognition. We found that the fiber density (FD) of the fornix and the neurite density index (NDI) of the fornix, hippocampal subfields (DG/CA3, CA1, and subiculum), and parahippocampal cortex, varied as a function of age in a cross-sectional cohort. Moreover, in the fornix, DG/CA3, and CA1, these changes correlated with memory performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), even after regressing out the effect of age, suggesting that they were capturing neurobiological properties directly related to performance in this task. These measures provide more details regarding age-related neurobiological properties. For example, a change in fiber density could mean a reduction in axonal packing density or myelination, and the increase in NDI observed might be explained by changes in dendritic complexity or even sprouting. These results provide a far more comprehensive view than previously determined on the possible system-wide processes that may be occurring because of healthy aging and demonstrate that advanced diffusion-weighted imaging is evolving into a powerful tool to study more than just white matter properties
Long-range sediment transport in the world’s oceans by stably stratified turbidity currents
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
On the Excess Dispersion in the Polarization Position Angle of Pulsar Radio Emission
The polarization position angles (PA) of pulsar radio emission occupy a
distribution that can be much wider than what is expected from the average
linear polarization and the off-pulse instrumental noise. Contrary to our
limited understanding of the emission mechanism, the excess dispersion in PA
implies that pulsar PAs vary in a random fashion. An eigenvalue analysis of the
measured Stokes parameters is developed to determine the origin of the excess
PA dispersion. The analysis is applied to sensitive, well-calibrated
polarization observations of PSR B1929+10 and PSR B2020+28. The analysis
clarifies the origin of polarization fluctuations in the emission and reveals
that the excess PA dispersion is caused by the isotropic inflation of the data
point cluster formed by the measured Stokes parameters. The inflation of the
cluster is not consistent with random fluctuations in PA, as might be expected
from random changes in the orientation of the magnetic field lines in the
emission region or from stochastic Faraday rotation in either the pulsar
magnetosphere or the interstellar medium. The inflation of the cluster, and
thus the excess PA dispersion, is attributed to randomly polarized radiation in
the received pulsar signal. The analysis also indicates that orthogonal
polarization modes (OPM) occur where the radio emission is heavily modulated.
In fact, OPM may only occur where the modulation index exceeds a critical value
of about 0.3.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Response of a Cracked Cantilever Beam to Free and Forced Vibrations
Cracks present in machine parts affect their vibrational behaviour like the fundamental frequency and the resonance. In this paper, the resonance response of a cracked cantilever rectangular beam has been studied based on fracture mechanics quantities like strain energy release rate, stress intensity factor and compliance. The spring stiffness and the fundamental frequency decrease with increase in crack length. The amplitude of vibration increases and the occurrence of resonance gets shifted with increase in crack length
Length-weight relationship and certain biological aspects of the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) exploited by trawls in the Arabian Sea off Kerala coast, India
Length-weight relationship (LWR), sex ratio and maturity of Fenneropenaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), was analysed based on samplings from coastal trawl fishing grounds in the Arabian Sea off Kerala coast, India. The male to female ratio (1:1.27) did not vary significantly from the hypothetical 1:1 ratio. Length at maturity (Lm50) was estimated at 122 mm total length for females. The LWR did not differ significantly between male and female shrimps. The information generated from this study will enhance knowledge on the biology of the species and assist in assessment and management of its stock
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