Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - living with chronic pain. Current knowledge of the disease

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of the most common inherited connective tissue disorders. The main symptoms of this syndrome are excessive skin flexibility, joint hypermobility and blood vessels fragility. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, but to confirm the type of EDS, it is necessary to identify the collagen-encoding gene or protein interacting with it. The group of Ehlers and Danlos diseases include fourteen types, the most common are classic, vascular, hypermobile, arthrochalasis, kyphoscoliotic and dermatosparaxis. [15] Connective tissue plays a key role in the process of movement, constituting the main component of bones, joint cartilage, tendons, ligaments and intervertebral discs. In addition, connective tissue is a part of every internal organ including the intestines and parenchymal organs and the cardiovascular system.[19] For this reason, patients with EDS show symptoms of many diseases, including respiratory, muscular, skeletal and vascular. Women suffering from EDS often struggle with complications during their pregnancies. Psychological and emotional issues are also common.[6] However, the most noticeable and debilitating symptom of EDS is pain, which is often severe and chronic. The pain occurs in approximately 90% or more of EDS patients.[8] Successful pain management in patients with EDS is a major challenge for specialists. The treatment involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, opioids and physiotherapy. Also marijuana, traditional chinese treatments, herbal remedies are considered to reduce the severity of the symptoms. [9] During the creation of this article, the authors analyzed the clinically relevant knowledge of EDS treatment and management based on research published on Pubmed

Modern methods of treating marijuana addiction (cannabis use disorders) and its influence on health

Introduction: Worldwide, cannabis is the most widely used illegal psychoactive substance and the third most common drug, after alcohol and tobacco. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) affects approximately 10% of the 193 million cannabis users worldwide. In recent years, cannabinoids have become more and more popular. The CUD is becoming a growing social and health problem. The search for effective forms of pharmacotherapy is still ongoing, and an effective combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy may be crucial for the future of CUD treatment.   Material and method: The article was based on a review and analysis of publications and discoveries in recent years, which were available in the PubMed and Google Scholar database.   Results: 82 study participants attempted abstinence from cannabis use. In the final primary endpoint analysis, both 400 mg of CBD and 800 mg of CBD were more effective than placebo in reducing cannabis use.  50 people who were addicted to cannabis treated with gabapentin showed a significant reduction in cannabis use and cannabis withdrawal compared to placebo. Moreover, 70 men addicted to cannabis were randomized and those, who used FAAH inhibitors reported fewer cannabis withdrawal symptoms, less cannabis use and lower THC urine levels than placebo users. Conclusions: Gabapentin has been proven to show a reduction in CUD. The use of CBD, FAAH inhibitors and psychotherapy MET/CBT/CM also appear to be effective. In addition, the use of the principles of People-First Language, avoiding slang and idioms, using medical and curing vocabulary, respects the addicted person, and also positively influences the chances of abstinence

When does a healthy lifestyle turn into a disorder? Orthorexia – diagnostic problems, methods of treatment

Introduction: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a common phenomenon. Its prevalence in society ranges from 1% to 60%. Yet, there are no specific diagnostic criteria or effective screening tests. Moreover, orthorexia does not appear in any of the available international psychiatric classifications such as the ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) and DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Due to this fact many people remain undiagnosed, which significantly affects their standard of living, and later puts a strain on the health care system. Material and method: The article is based on a study and analysis of available publications in the last few years, published in the PubMed database. Conclusions: It is crucial to create specific diagnostic criteria for orthorexia. This will enable efficient detection of patients at an early stage of the disorder, which will significantly shorten the diagnostic path. Moreover, specifying potential risk factors will help to reduce new cases

Giardia intestinalis - atypical symptoms of infection in the daily practice of various specialists

Giardia intestinalis infection is the most common parasitic infection in the world. The parasite's reservoir is mainly humans and many species of mammals. Giardiasis is a parasitic disease of the duodenum and small intestine. Infection spreads easily through the oral-fecal route. Its most frequent symptom is chronic diarrhea, but it can also be asymptomatic. This article analyzes atypical symptoms of Giardia Intestinalis infection based on available studies in the PubMed database. Observations have shown that giardiasis can manifest in various types of dermatoses such as urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, erythema nodosum, or Wells syndrome. A relationship between Giardia Intestinalis infection and various allergic syndromes, manifesting as chronic urticaria or angioedema, has also been observed, as well as an increased occurrence of food allergies due to increased exposure to antigens. Studies have also shown that giardiasis can cause polyneuropathy, avitaminosis, and malabsorption syndrome. Even years after infection, chronic fatigue syndrome can still be observe

Ekologiczne aspekty zarządzania rozwojem przedsiębiorstw i regionów

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

When does a healthy lifestyle turn into a disorder? Orthorexia – diagnostic problems, methods of treatment

Introduction: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a common phenomenon. Its prevalence in society ranges from 1% to 60%. Yet, there are no specific diagnostic criteria or effective screening tests. Moreover, orthorexia does not appear in any of the available international psychiatric classifications such as the ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) and DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Due to this fact many people remain undiagnosed, which significantly affects their standard of living, and later puts a strain on the health care system. Material and method: The article is based on a study and analysis of available publications in the last few years, published in the PubMed database. Conclusions: It is crucial to create specific diagnostic criteria for orthorexia. This will enable efficient detection of patients at an early stage of the disorder, which will significantly shorten the diagnostic path. Moreover, specifying potential risk factors will help to reduce new cases

Health problems of a child with short stature

Wstęp. Niskorosłość występuje na całym świecie z różną częstotliwością. O obejmuje około 3 % populacji. W Polsce, na podstawie danych z 2018 roku, prawie 200 tys. dzieci i młodzieży jest niskorosłych. Niedobór wzrostu może być wywołany przez wiele różnorodnych czynników, takich jak: stan odżywienia, stan układu kostnego, występowanie chorób genetycznych, endokrynologicznych lub przewlekłych. Niskorosłość jest poważnym problemem, który należy szybko diagnozować i leczyć. Leczenie oparte jest na szerokiej diagnostyce, poprzez którą możliwe jest działanie bezpośrednio na przyczynę.Cel pracy. Celem pracy było przedstawienie problemów zdrowotnych dziecka 9-letniego z niskorosłością, które urodziło się za małe w stosunku do wieku ciążowego (SGA) oraz opracowanie modelu pielęgnowania opartego na teorii deficytów samoopieki Doroty Orem.Materiał i metoda. Badanie odbyło się w okresie od 16 listopada do 10 grudnia 2020 roku, w domu rodzinnym dziecka, we wsi należącej do powiatu pszczyńskiego. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę gromadzenia i analizy dokumentów (historia choroby, karty informacyjne z poprzednich hospitalizacji, książeczka zdrowia dziecka), autorski kwestionariusz wywiadu oraz narzędzia standaryzowane w postaci: skali akceptacji choroby AIS (Acceptance of Illness Scale), skali oceny bólu VAS (Visual Analog Scale) oraz wskaźnika BMI (Body Mass Index).Wyniki. W pracy przedstawiono plan opieki pielęgniarskiej dziecka z niskorosłością w postaci 10 diagnoz obejmujących najważniejsze problemy zdrowotne wraz z celami, interwencjami oraz oceną podjętych działań pielęgniarskich.Wnioski. U dziecka 9-letniego z niskorosłością problemy występują w obszarze fizycznym oraz psychospołecznym. Zadania pielęgniarki w głównej mierze obejmowały zakres motywowania do dalszego leczenia, udzielania wsparcia i łagodzenia dolegliwości bólowych.Introduction. Short stature occurs worldwide with a varying frequency and covers around 3 % of population. Based on data from 2018, almost 200 000 children and adolescents suffer from short stature in Poland. Deficiency of height might be caused by multiple various factors, such as: nutritional state, skeletal system state, existence of genetic, endocrine and chronic diseases.Short stature is a serious problem, which should be quickly diagnosed and be treated. Treatment is based on broad diagnosis, which allows targeting the disease cause directly.Aim of the thesis and study objectives. The main goal of the thesis was to show the health issues of 9 years old child with short stature. The child was born small for gestational age (SGA). Another goal of the thesis was to develop a care plan based on Dorothea Orem’s theory of self-care deficits.Materials and methods. The research took place between 16 November and 10 December 2020, in a child’s family house, placed in a small village within the Pszczyna district. In the research, a method of collecting and analysis of documents (history of disease, information cards from previous hospitalisations, child’s medical record book) and a standard research tools (AIS – Acceptance of Illness Scale, VAS – Visual Analog Scale, BMI – Body Mass Index) were used.Results. In the thesis, a nursing care plan for a child with short stature was presented as 10 diagnoses covering the most important health issues. The diagnoses also included goals, interventions and analysis of taken actions.Thesis summary. A 9 years old child with short stature has issues in both physical and psychosocial areas. Motivating to further treatment, giving a strong support and relieve pain symptoms were the main tasks of a nurse

Quality of life of people with hypothyroidism

Wstęp: Jakość życia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektu zdrowia (HRQoL), jest ważnym obszarem badań, zwracającym uwagę na wpływ chorób, w tym niedoczynności tarczycy, na dobrostan fizyczny, psychiczny i społeczny jednostki. Niedoczynność tarczycy charakteryzuje się niedoborem hormonów tarczycowych, prowadząc do wielu objawów fizycznych i psychospołecznych, które znacząco wpływają na jakość życia pacjentów.Cel pracy: Głównym celem pracy była ocena jakości życia osób z niedoczynnością tarczycy i czynników na nią wpływających.Materiały i metody: Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 94 osób powyżej 18. roku życia, będących członkami internetowych grup wsparcia dla osób z niedoczynnością tarczycy oraz pacjentami Oddziału Klinicznego Endokrynologii, Endokrynologii Onkologicznej i Medycyny Nuklearnej w Krakowie. W trakcie badania zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego i przeprowadzono je techniką kwestionariuszową. Użyte narzędzia obejmowały autorski kwestionariusz ankiety oraz standaryzowane narzędzie ThyPROpl, czyli skalę umożliwiającą ocenę jakości życia pacjentów z łagodnymi schorzeniami tarczycy.Wyniki: W przeprowadzonym badaniu średnia wartość punktów w domenie ogólna jakość życia wynosiła 38,03 (SD=30,39) – choroba wywierała istotny wpływ na codzienne życie ankietowanych. Ankietowani odczuwali wpływ niedoczynności tarczycy na jakość życia jako „trochę” w 24,5%, jako „przeciętnie” 23,4%. „Dość mocno” wpływ choroby odczuwało 21,4% ankietowanych, za to „bardzo mocno” 4,3% osób badanych. Z kolei 26,6% nie odczuwało wpływu niedoczynności tarczycy na jakość życia.Wnioski: Osoby z niedoczynnością tarczycy doświadczały zmniejszonej jakości życia głównie z powodu zmęczenia, problemów psychicznych i trudności w radzeniu sobie z różnymi nastrojami. Ustalono liczne powiązania między czynnikami społeczno-demograficznymi a problemami związanymi z niedoczynnością tarczycy, ale nie znaleziono bezpośredniego związku między czynnikami klinicznymi a jakością życia, z wyjątkiem objawów ze strony narządu wzroku u osób chorujących powyżej 5 lat.Introduction: Quality of life, with a focus on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), is an important area of research that highlights the impact of diseases, including hypothyroidism, on an individual's physical, psychological, and social well-being. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to a range of physical and psychosocial symptoms that significantly affect patients' quality of life.The aim of the study: The main aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of individuals with hypothyroidism and the factors affecting it.Materials and methods: The study was conducted among a group of 94 individuals aged 18. years or older, who were members of online support groups for people with hypothyroidism and patients of the Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Oncology Endocrinology, and Nuclear Medicine in Krakow. The study utilized a diagnostic survey method and was conducted using a questionnaire technique. The tools used included a self-administered questionnaire and the standardized tool ThyPROpl, a scale for assessing the quality of life in patients with benign thyroid conditions.Results: In the survey, the mean score in the general quality of life domain was 38.03 (SD=30.39) – the disease had a significant impact on the respondents' daily lives. In the survey, 24.5% of respondents felt the impact of hypothyroidism on their quality of life was "somewhat", 23.4% felt it was "moderate", 21.4% felt it was "quite strong", 4.3% felt it was "very strong", and 26.6% did not feel the impact of hypothyroidism on their quality of life.Conclusion: Individuals with hypothyroidism experience a reduced quality of life mainly due to fatigue, psychological problems, and difficulties in coping with various moods. There were numerous associations between socio-demographic factors and problems related to hypothyroidism, but no direct association between clinical factors and quality of life was found, except for ocular symptoms in individuals who have had the disease for more than 5 years