The Church Problem for Countable Ordinals

A fundamental theorem of Buchi and Landweber shows that the Church synthesis problem is computable. Buchi and Landweber reduced the Church Problem to problems about &#969;-games and used the determinacy of such games as one of the main tools to show its computability. We consider a natural generalization of the Church problem to countable ordinals and investigate games of arbitrary countable length. We prove that determinacy and decidability parts of the Bu}chi and Landweber theorem hold for all countable ordinals and that its full extension holds for all ordinals < \omega\^\omega

A Mathematical Analysis of the Axial Anomaly

As is well known to physicists, the axial anomaly of the massless free fermion in Euclidean signature is given by the index of the corresponding Dirac operator. We use the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism and the methods of equivariant quantization of Costello and Gwilliam to produce a new, mathematical derivation of this result. Using these methods, we formalize two conventional interpretations of the axial anomaly, the first as a violation of current conservation at the quantum level and the second as the obstruction to the existence of a well-defined fermionic partition function. Moreover, in the formalism of Costello and Gwilliam, anomalies are measured by cohomology classes in a certain obstruction-deformation complex. Our main result shows that---in the case of the axial symmetry---the relevant complex is quasi-isomorphic to the complex of de Rham forms of the spacetime manifold and that the anomaly corresponds to a top-degree cohomology class which is trivial if and only if the index of the corresponding Dirac operator is zero.Comment: Version 3 differs from version 2 only in the metadata. The title and abstract in the metadata have been corrected to match those appearing in the document itsel

A Proof of Kamp's theorem

We provide a simple proof of Kamp's theorem

A Proof of Stavi's Theorem

Kamp's theorem established the expressive equivalence of the temporal logic with Until and Since and the First-Order Monadic Logic of Order (FOMLO) over the Dedekind-complete time flows. However, this temporal logic is not expressively complete for FOMLO over the rationals. Stavi introduced two additional modalities and proved that the temporal logic with Until, Since and Stavi's modalities is expressively equivalent to FOMLO over all linear orders. We present a simple proof of Stavi's theorem.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.258

Ecological niche modelling in triatomines–abusus non tollit usum: A reply to gutiérrez (2016)

Fil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin

Escaping the Shadow of Malpractice Law

Abinovich-Einy addresses several constituencies operating at the meeting point of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), communication theory, healthcare policy, and medical-malpractice doctrine. From an ADR perspective, the need for, and barriers to, addressing non-litigable disputes, for which the alternative route is the only one, is explored. It is shown that ADR mechanisms may not take root when introduced into an environment that is resistant to collaborative and open discourse without additional incentives and measures being adopted

Finite Volume Spaces and Sparsification

We introduce and study finite $d$-volumes - the high dimensional generalization of finite metric spaces. Having developed a suitable combinatorial machinery, we define $\ell_1$-volumes and show that they contain Euclidean volumes and hypertree volumes. We show that they can approximate any $d$-volume with $O(n^d)$ multiplicative distortion. On the other hand, contrary to Bourgain's theorem for $d=1$, there exists a $2$-volume that on $n$ vertices that cannot be approximated by any $\ell_1$-volume with distortion smaller than $\tilde{\Omega}(n^{1/5})$. We further address the problem of $\ell_1$-dimension reduction in the context of $\ell_1$ volumes, and show that this phenomenon does occur, although not to the same striking degree as it does for Euclidean metrics and volumes. In particular, we show that any $\ell_1$ metric on $n$ points can be $(1+ \epsilon)$-approximated by a sum of $O(n/\epsilon^2)$ cut metrics, improving over the best previously known bound of $O(n \log n)$ due to Schechtman. In order to deal with dimension reduction, we extend the techniques and ideas introduced by Karger and Bencz{\'u}r, and Spielman et al.~in the context of graph Sparsification, and develop general methods with a wide range of applications.Comment: previous revision was the wrong file: the new revision: changed (extended considerably) the treatment of finite volumes (see revised abstract). Inserted new applications for the sparsification technique

Time-Frequency Integrals and the Stationary Phase Method in Problems of Waves Propagation from Moving Sources

The time-frequency integrals and the two-dimensional stationary phase method are applied to study the electromagnetic waves radiated by moving modulated sources in dispersive media. We show that such unified approach leads to explicit expressions for the field amplitudes and simple relations for the field eigenfrequencies and the retardation time that become the coupled variables. The main features of the technique are illustrated by examples of the moving source fields in the plasma and the Cherenkov radiation. It is emphasized that the deeper insight to the wave effects in dispersive case already requires the explicit formulation of the dispersive material model. As the advanced application we have considered the Doppler frequency shift in a complex single-resonant dispersive metamaterial (Lorenz) model where in some frequency ranges the negativity of the real part of the refraction index can be reached. We have demonstrated that in dispersive case the Doppler frequency shift acquires a nonlinear dependence on the modulating frequency of the radiated particle. The detailed frequency dependence of such a shift and spectral behavior of phase and group velocities (that have the opposite directions) are studied numerically

The Church Synthesis Problem with Parameters

For a two-variable formula &psi;(X,Y) of Monadic Logic of Order (MLO) the Church Synthesis Problem concerns the existence and construction of an operator Y=F(X) such that &psi;(X,F(X)) is universally valid over Nat. B\"{u}chi and Landweber proved that the Church synthesis problem is decidable; moreover, they showed that if there is an operator F that solves the Church Synthesis Problem, then it can also be solved by an operator defined by a finite state automaton or equivalently by an MLO formula. We investigate a parameterized version of the Church synthesis problem. In this version &psi; might contain as a parameter a unary predicate P. We show that the Church synthesis problem for P is computable if and only if the monadic theory of is decidable. We prove that the B\"{u}chi-Landweber theorem can be extended only to ultimately periodic parameters. However, the MLO-definability part of the B\"{u}chi-Landweber theorem holds for the parameterized version of the Church synthesis problem