Ex situ conservation in the Brazilian semiarid: Cactaceae housed in the collection of the Guimarães Duque Cactarium / Conservação ex situ no Semiárido brasileiro: Cactaceae da coleção do Cactário Guimarães Duque

Nearly 1/3 of all cacti species in the world are at risk of extinction because of human impacts. In Brazil, Cactaceae is among the 10 most endangered families of national flora, making conservation measures essential for this family. In this paper, we document the species preserved in the ex situ collection at the Guimarães Duque Cactarium (CAGD) located in the National Institute of Semiarid, Paraíba state, Brazil. The collection consists of 158 species and 1013 specimens, including mostly Cactaceae and succulent representatives of eight other botanical families. The cacti collection covers 952 specimens belonging to 123 species and 36 genera. Of this total, 104 species are native to Brazil and 19 are exotic species from nine countries. The CAGD collection includes representatives from several phytogeographic domains of the country, highlighting endemic and threatened cacti species occurring in the Caatinga. 70% (N = 83) of the cacti species recorded in the Brazilian Semiarid region are represented in the CAGD collection. Furthermore, in the collection, there are cacti species classified with different threat categories (Near threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically endangered), with 21 species classified according to MMA/2014 list and 35 species according to IUCN Red List. We also discuss the main challenges and perspectives of the cactarium supporting ex situ conservation actions for Cactaceae

Sustentabilidade na educação: integrando a agroecologia e plantas medicinais nas escolas

A agroecologia é introduzida como uma ferramenta transformadora da educação, indo além de práticas agrícolas, abrangendo questões sociais, políticas, ambientais e econômicas. A integração da agroecologia e das plantas medicinais nas escolas é vista como uma maneira de promover uma educação que inspire a ação e a responsabilidade ambiental. O objetivo do artigo é explorar a integração da agroecologia e das plantas medicinais nas escolas como parte de uma educação que promova a conscientização ambiental, a sustentabilidade e o conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais. A pesquisa explora a riqueza da biodiversidade genética do Brasil, o conhecimento popular sobre plantas medicinais e seu potencial para a farmacêutica. Enfatiza a importância da educação ambiental como uma ferramenta transformadora nos diferentes níveis de ensino, destacando a horta escolar como uma maneira de envolver os alunos na preservação do meio ambiente. A agroecologia é discutida como uma abordagem transdisciplinar e transformadora que promove sistemas agroalimentares sustentáveis. A inclusão de plantas medicinais em hortas escolares é vista como uma maneira de promover o aprendizado significativo e a formação de cidadãos conscientes das questões ambientais, sendo uma ferramenta pedagógica que fortalece o trabalho em equipe e pode sensibilizar os discentes sobre a preservação do meio ambiente

CHARACTERIZATION AND EARLY SELECTION OF SILK BLOSSOM (CALOTROPIS PROCERA) GENOTYPES WITH FORAGE POTENTIAL

This study aimed to characterize and select silk blossom genotypes (Calotropis procera) with forage potential. Between April and July 2014, we cultivated 89 genotypes in plastic tubes arranged in a randomized block design with three replications; each experimental plot was composed of 8 plants. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), total leaf area (TLA), leaf fresh mass (LFM), stem fresh mass (SFM), root fresh mass (RFM), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), and root dry mass (RDM). Significant differences (p < 0.05) among genotypes were observed for all characteristics, except for NL at 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) and for RFM at 60 DAS. Broad-sense heritability estimates and genotype means had medium and high values for most characteristics. Genetic variability among C. procera genotypes was observed. High gain selection was found for the characteristics TLA, PH, SFM, LFM, SDM, and LDM as the genotypes 79, 65, 48, 12, 51, 35, 63, 25, 1, and 46 are suitable for future breeding works to improve forage production

MAPEAMENTO SOCIOAMBIENTAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE AVALIAÇÃO DA GESTÃO E MANEJO DE ÁGUA NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO

The aim of this work was to identify, through socio-environmental mapping, how water management and management occurs in rural areas of the Brazilian semi arid region. For this, the methodological course was developed in the form of a workshop with farmers in the semi-arid region of Paraíba through focus groups to build socio-environmental maps and identify risks, followed by stages of environmental awareness. Twenty-one farmers participated, most of them male and aged between 16 and 60 years. Eight sources of water used by the participants were identified, highlighting rainwater and water from water trucks, stored in cisterns, as the most frequent. Water from water trucks and mud pits was identified as having the highest risk of spreading disease. Three water management and management models were categorized considering sustainability and dependence on supply from sources of well-being: (i) independent sustainable management (10%), (ii) dependent sustainable management (50%), (iii) simplified management no sustainable basis (40 %). Considering the group under study, 90% of the participants are somehow dependent on policies to combat/coexist with drought in their daily lives, however, it is noted that the development and implementation of social technologies for water storage in rural areas of the semiarid region, are presented as an important strategy for overcoming poverty, guaranteeing food security and sustainable coexistence/climate adaptation.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar, a través del mapeo socioambiental, cómo ocurre la gestión y gestión del agua en áreas rurales del semiárido brasileño. Para eso, el curso metodológico se desarrolló en la forma de un taller con agricultores de la región semiárida de Paraíba a través de grupos focales para construir mapas socioambientales e identificar riesgos, seguido de etapas de conciencia ambiental. Participaron 21 agricultores, la mayoría hombres y con edades entre 16 y 60 años. Se identificaron ocho fuentes de agua utilizadas por los participantes, destacándose el agua de lluvia y el agua de camiones cisterna, almacenada en cisternas, como las más frecuentes. Se identificó que el agua de los camiones de agua y los pozos de lodo tiene el mayor riesgo de propagar enfermedades. Se categorizaron tres modelos de gestión y gestión del agua considerando la sostenibilidad y la dependencia del suministro de fuentes de bienestar: (i) gestión sostenible independiente (10%), (ii) gestión sostenible dependiente (50%), (iii) gestión simplificada no sostenible (40 %). Considerando el grupo en estudio, el 90% de los participantes depende de alguna manera de las políticas de combate/convivencia con la sequía en su cotidiano, sin embargo, se advierte que el desarrollo e implementación de tecnologías sociales para el almacenamiento de agua en zonas rurales de la región semiárida , se presentan como una estrategia importante para la superación de la pobreza, garantizando la seguridad alimentaria y la convivencia sostenible/adaptación climática.O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar através do mapeamento socioambiental como ocorre o manejo e a gestão de águas na zona rural da região semiárida do Brasil. Para isto o percurso metodológico foi desenvolvido no formato de oficina com agricultores da região semiárida paraibana por meio de grupos focais para construção dos mapas socioambientais e a identificação de riscos, seguido de etapas de sensibilização ambiental. Participaram 21 agricultore(a)s a maioria do sexo masculino e de faixa etária entre 16 e 60 anos. Identificou-se oito fontes de água utilizadas pelos participantes, destacando-se águas de chuvas e águas de carros-pipa armazenadas em cisternas, como as mais frequentes. Águas oriundas de carros-pipa e barreiros foram apontadas como as de maior risco de veiculação de doenças. Três modelos de gestão e manejo da água foram categorizados considerando a sustentabilidade e dependência de abastecimento por fontes assistencialistas: (i) gestão sustentável independente (10%), (ii) gestão sustentável dependente (50%), (iii) gestão simplificada e sem base sustentável (40%). Considerando o grupo em estudo, 90% dos participantes, tem de algum modo dependência das políticas de combate/convivência com a seca em seu cotidiano, contudo nota-se que o desenvolvimento e implantação de tecnologias sociais para armazenamento da água em áreas rurais no semiárido, apresentam-se como estratégia importante para superação da pobreza, garantia da segurança alimentar e convivência/adaptação climática, sustentável

Seleção de primers polimórficos para estudo de diversidade genética em cactáceas

A família Cactaceae está distribuída principalmente nas Américas, apresentam uma grande importância econômica, fornecendo recursos energéticos para animais polinizadores e dispersores, podendo ser utilizadas na alimentação animal e humana, possui um grande potencial na medicina tradicional e no paisagismo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi selecionar indicadores e padronizar reações de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) para analisar ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) em estudos de variabilidade genética de Cactaceae. Foram testados 14 indicadores de ISSR com temperatura variando de 48° a 52°C, em espécies de Tacinga, e destes, 8 foram selecionados por serem polimórficos: ISSR-808, ISSR-827, ISSR-842, ISSR-845, ISSR-853, ISSR-857 ISSR-880 e ISSR-888. O número médio de sequências amplificadas por indicador foi de 11,5 bandas, com destaque para o indicador ISSR-827, que produziu 15 bandas, enquanto os indicadores ISSR-845 e ISSR-853 produziram apenas 8 bandas. Os 8 indicadores selecionados no presente estudo possibilitaram a diferenciação genética, sendo eficientes e indicando um bom nível de polimorfismo entre as espécies analisadas, dessa forma, poderão ser utilizados em futuros trabalhos para estimar a divergência genética em nível molecular em espécies da família Cactaceae

Irrigation level and substrate type on the acclimatization and development of mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.): an emblematic cactus from Brazilian semiarid region

Abstract Mandacaru is a cactus with great socioeconomic potential, but lack of information about its cultivation hinders its domestication. Here, we aimed to evaluate the acclimatization and vegetative development of mandacaru under different substrates and irrigation levels. For this, seeds inoculated in vitro were grown for 120 days, being transplanted to pots containing four types of substrate (S1—caatinga soil + gravel; S2—washed sand + organic matter + soil + charcoal; S3—washed sand + cattle manure + soil + sand; S4—commercial organic substrate). Pots were irrigated with 100% of the field capacity (FC) once-a-week, or with 50% FC twice-a-week, and kept in a greenhouse for six months. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with six replications. Plant height and diameter, axial and radial growth rate, fresh and dry mass of stem and root, water content, and photosynthetic pigments were determined. Growth was affected mainly by the substrate, with S4 resulting in higher growth and pigment content, while S1 was impaired and S2 and S3 resulted in intermediate growth. The use of S4 and 100% FC once per week was the best condition for mandacaru

An overview of the Brazilian inselberg genus Ameroglossum (Linderniaceae, Lamiales), with the description of seven new species

Field studies of the inselberg flora of north-eastern Brazil have resulted in the discovery of much greater morphological diversity of the genus Ameroglossum, than previously envisaged. These enigmatic plants are endemic to isolated rock outcrops, which have long been surrounded by unsuitable habitat. The morphological forms are geographically isolated and stable in cultivation when grown under similar conditions. We here provide detailed descriptions of the two previously known species and propose an additional seven new species in the genus. A taxonomic revision of the genus, including an identification key is provided. We hypothesize that the evolution of this genus is driven by the diversity of their hummingbird pollinators. Due to the threatened nature of inselberg habitats and the small populations found for most taxa, the species described here are likely to be under threat and in need for formal redlisting

Ameroglossum xukuruorum E. M. Almeida, Christenh. & L. P. Felix 2021, sp. nov.

Ameroglossum xukuruorum E.M.Almeida, Christenh. & L.P.Felix sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77216331-1 Figs 2I, 5i–k Diagnosis Ameroglossum xukuruorum sp. nov. is similar to A. pernambucense in having verticillate leaves and involute lobes on the lower lip. It differs by its glabrous or glabrescent vegetative portions (vs villose) and usually lanceolate leaf blade with sparsely branched venation (vs elliptic to narrowly elliptic and densely branched venation). Etymology The specific epithet is dedicated to the Amerindian Xukuru people, because the type material was collected with their assistance on tribal lands in the Serra do Ororubá Range. Material examined Type BRAZIL – Pernambuco • Pesqueira, Serra do Ororubá, Reserva Indígena Xukuru de Cimbres; 08°19ʹ15ʺ S, 36°46ʹ12ʺ W; 1122 m a.s.l.; 30 Jun. 2015; L.P. Felix et al. 15647; holotype: EAN!; isotypes: IPA!, K!, RB!, UFP!. Paratypes BRAZIL – Paraíba • São João do Tigre, Serra do Paulo; 08°05ʹ35ʺ S, 36°40ʹ35ʺ W; 1193 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2010; L.P. Felix & L.I.F. Alves 13085; EAN[16,438]! • ibid.; 23 Aug. 2013; L.P. Felix 14318; EAN[19,895]! • ibid.; 3 Aug. 2011; S. Nascimento 105; EAN[18,513]! • Serra do Enjeitado; 4 Aug. 2011; S. Nascimento 168; EAN[18,173]! • Serra do Paulo; 08°05ʹ36ʺ S, 36°38ʹ34ʺ W; 1094 m a.s.l.; 4 Aug. 2011; S. Nascimento 151; EAN[18,555]! – Pernambuco • Pesqueira, Serra do Ororobá; 2 Aug. 1979; D. de Andrade-Lima et al. 79-9,659; IPA[46,742]! • Serra do Gavião; ± 800 m a.s.l.; 19 Jun. 2005; M. Oliveira 1,817; UFP[41,495]! • Jataúba, Sítio Sobrado; 08°04ʹ53ʺ S, 36°34ʹ48ʺ W; 1021 m a.s.l.; 6 Jun. 2016; E.M. Almeida, L.I.F. Alves & J.A.L. Neves 1673; EAN[24,603]!. Description Saxicolous chamaephyte up to 80 cm, occasionally with some secondary branching at the branch tips. Young branches slightly purplish, dull, slightly angular, often narrowly winged, covered by inconspicuous papillose trichomes; mature branches cinereous, slightly inclined to decumbent, cylindrical. Leaves verticillate with usually four leaves per node; leaf blade 2.5–8.2 × 0.5–1.4 cm, green, cinereous, lustrous, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, sometimes elliptic, bullate; adaxial side glabrous; abaxial side glabrous to glabrescent, with trichomes aciculate and/or papillose; apex acute to acuminate, recurved; margin revolute when young, later flat to revolute; glabrous. Inflorescences in simple dichasia, frequently unifloral. Peduncle slightly purplish to green, cylindrical, glabrous; primary peduncle 0.25– 1.10 × 0.05–0.08 cm, secondary 0.2–0.3 × 0.7 cm. Pedicel 0.3–0.5 × 0.1 cm, slightly purplish to green, glabrous; ventral side without wings. Bracts 0.10–0.30 × 0.05 cm, purplish to green, glabrous. Calyx slightly purplish to green, glabrous; sepals lanceolate, dorsal one 0.75–1.10 × 0.10–0.20 cm, lateral ones 0.60–1.00 × 0.15–0.20 cm, ventral ones 0.60–1.00 × 0.10–0.25 cm. Corolla 2.5–3.4 cm, adaxial portion orange-red, ventral portion and proximal third yellow, base wide, glabrous; tube 2–3 cm; upper lip 0.55–0.75 × 0.06–0.10 cm, bilobate; lower lip, inner perianth with trichomes conical, yellowish white; lobes involute, median lobe 0.15 × 0.04 cm. Stamens exserted, adnate at the median third of the corolla tube; filaments white, 1.8–3.5 cm long; thecae ca 0.15 cm diam.; staminodium ca 0.3 cm, adnate at the proximal third of the corolla tube, glabrescent, with short-glandular trichomes, rarely papillose. Ovary 0.40–0.50 × 0.15–0.30 cm; style 2.4–3.3 cm, exserted, glabrous. Capsule 0.9–1.0 × 0.3–0.5 cm, green to slightly purplish. Seeds 0.10 × 0.05 cm. Distribution Ameroglossum xukuruorum sp. nov. has only been collected above 1000 m a.s.l., which corresponds to the highest areas of the Borborema Plateau in the states of Paraíba (São João do Tigre in the Cariri Ocidental microregion) and Pernambuco (Pesqueira in the Vale do Ipojuca microregion). Elevation between (800–)1000 and 1200 m. Ecology Ameroglossum xukuruorum sp. nov. appears to prefer higher elevation habitats. It was encountered flowering and fruiting between April and August and is pollinated by hummingbirds (pers. obs.). Population and threats Ameroglossum xukuruorum sp. nov. is restricted to the municipalities of Jataúba, Pesqueira and São João do Tigre and has been collected in the Xukuru Indigenous Reserve on a rock outcrop covering approximately 50 ha, with a population of more than 100 individual adult plants. Additionally, the Serra do Ororubá Range, where the reserve is located, has a series of granite outcrops that are difficult to access, and it is possible that other populations of A. xukuruorum sp. nov. (or other species of Ameroglossum) are yet to be discovered there. The two known locations in Paraíba State have a total of ca 100 adult individuals. The isolated populations are exposed to burning and trampling by livestock.Published as part of Almeida, Erton M., Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Wanderley, Artur Maia, Cordeiro, Joel Maciel P., Melo, José Iranildo Miranda De, Batista, Fabiane Rabelo Da Costa & Felix, Leonardo P., 2021, An overview of the Brazilian inselberg genus Ameroglossum (Linderniaceae, Lamiales), with the description of seven new species, pp. 1-25 in European Journal of Taxonomy 746 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.746.1313, http://zenodo.org/record/469584

Ameroglossum pernambucense Eb. Fisch., S. Vogel & A. Lopes

Ameroglossum pernambucense Eb.Fisch., S.Vogel & A.Lopes Fig. 2H Feddes Repertorium 110: 529–534 (Fischer et al. 1999). – Type: BRAZIL – Pernambuco • Brejo da Madre de Deus, próximo ao Brejo do Bituri; 8°09ʹ00ʺ S, 36°22ʹ15ʺ W; ca 800 m a.s.l.; 19 Aug. 1998; S. Vogel 1998-46; holotype UFP!; isotype WU. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the state of Pernambuco, where the type material was collected. Material examined BRAZIL – Pernambuco • Brejo da Madre de Deus, Propriedade de Bituri; 15 Sep. 1973; D. de Andrade- Lima 73-7,439; IPA[29,676]! • Brejo da Madre de Deus; 31 Oct. 2005; L.P. Felix 10819; EAN[11,302]! • ibid.; 26 Feb. 2006; L.P. Felix 10989; EAN[12,054]! • ibid.; 9 Sep. 2008; L.P. Felix 12536; EAN[15,385]! • Bitury; 08°11ʹ49ʺ S, 36°24ʹ19ʺ W; 1135 m a.s.l.; 23 Oct. 2008; L.P. Felix 12586-1; EAN[15,778]! • ibid.; 15 Sep. 2010; L.P. Felix & E.M. Almeida 13150; EAN[16,773]! • Fazenda Bitury, Divisa da Malhada com Teixeira; 08°12ʹ01ʺ S, 36°24ʹ13ʺ W; 1005 m a.s.l.; 11 Nov. 2003; J.A. Siqueira-Filho 1403; UFP[39,363]! • São Caetano; 08°21ʹ51ʺ S, 36°03ʹ44ʺ W; 1020 m a.s.l.; 2 Jul. 2015; L.P. Felix et al. 15687; EAN! Description Saxicolous chamaephyte up to 2 m, frequently with secondary branching along the stem. Young branches green to slightly purplish, dull, slightly angular, often narrowly winged, villose, trichomes bifid; cinereous when mature, slightly inclined to decumbent, cylindrical. Leaves verticillate, usually three or four per node, rarely opposite and then only on secondary branches; leaf blade 5.2–7.5 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, green, rarely slightly purplish, dull to lustrous, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, rarely lanceolate, bullate; adaxial side glabrescent, with papillose trichomes; abaxial side villose, with bifidly ramified trichomes; apex acute to acuminate, flat; margin flat to revolute, ciliate. Inflorescence a simple dichasium. Peduncle green to slightly purplish, cylindrical, slightly winged, villose, with trichomes aciculate and bifid; primary peduncle 0.3–1.4 × 0.1 cm, secondary peduncle 0.3–0.5 × 0.1 cm. Pedicel 0.3–0.8 × 0.1 cm, green to slightly purplish, villose, with trichomes aciculate and bifid; ventral side without wings. Bracts 0.15–0.30 × 0.05 cm, green to slightly purplish; abaxial side pubescent, with trichomes aciculate and/or bipinnate, adaxial side glabrescent, with papillose trichomes. Calyx green to slightly purplish, abaxial side pubescent with trichomes aciculate and/or bipinnate, adaxial side densely covered by papillose trichomes, sepals lanceolate, dorsal one 0.50–0.80 × 0.25 cm, lateral ones 0.5–0.8 × 0.2 cm, ventral ones 0.50–0.80 × 0.15 cm. Corolla 2.5–3.5 cm, dorsal and lateral tube orangish with ventral and proximal third yellow, base wide, externally pubescent, with trichomes short, glandular, internally glabrous; tube 2.0– 2.9 cm; upper lip 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.6 cm, bilobate; lower lip 0.5–0.6 × 0.4 cm, inner perianth with trichomes conical, yellowish white; lobes involute, median lobe 0.15 × 0.10 cm. Stamens excerted, adnate at the proximal third of the corolla tube; filaments white, dorsal ones 2.8–3.0 × 0.8 cm, ventral ones 2.2–2.6 × 0.8 cm; thecae ca 0.1 cm diam.; staminodium ca 1 cm, adnate at the proximal third of the corolla tube, glabrescent with papillose trichomes. Ovary 0.3–0.5 × 0.2 cm; style up to 3.4–4.0 cm, exserted, glabrous. Capsule 1.1–1.3 × 0.5–0.7 cm, green to slightly purplish. Seeds 0.10 × 0.05 cm. Distribution Ameroglossum pernambucense is restricted to the municipalities of Brejo da Madre de Deus and São Caetano, Agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco State. Elevations between 1000 and 1150 m. Ecology Plants are saxicolous on tall granite rocks. Flowering from March to October, with flowering peak in July, and pollinated by hummingbirds (Wanderley et al. 2014 a, 2020). Population and threats The populations known typically comprise approximately 50 mature plants. Other populations have been observed on rock outcrops nearby. The fragmented subpopulations are often subjected to trampling by cattle and long periods of drought. Taxonomic notes Ameroglossum pernambucense is the type species and differs from the other species proposed here principally in having verticillate, villose leaves (vs opposite leaves); apart from A. xukuruorum sp. nov., which has verticillate, glabrous leaves and the slighty apically trilobed lower lip of the corolla (vs lower lip entire to slightly crenate).Published as part of Almeida, Erton M., Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Wanderley, Artur Maia, Cordeiro, Joel Maciel P., Melo, José Iranildo Miranda De, Batista, Fabiane Rabelo Da Costa & Felix, Leonardo P., 2021, An overview of the Brazilian inselberg genus Ameroglossum (Linderniaceae, Lamiales), with the description of seven new species, pp. 1-25 in European Journal of Taxonomy 746 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.746.1313, http://zenodo.org/record/469584

Ameroglossum asperifolium E. M. Almeida, J. M. P. Cordeiro & L. P. Felix 2021, sp. nov.

Ameroglossum asperifolium E.M.Almeida, J.M.P.Cordeiro & L.P.Felix sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77216326-1 Figs 2B, 3f–k Diagnosis This species is distinguished by the presence of two conspicuous wings on the dorsal sepal (vs calys without wings in all other species). It also has leaves that are rough to the touch with aciculate hairs (vs glabrous or softly hairy in all other species). Etymology The epithet derives from the Latin ʻ asper ʼ, ʻroughʼ, and ʻ folium ʼ, ʻleafʼ, reflecting the rough texture the leaves of this species. Material examined Type BRAZIL – Alagoas • Ibateguara, Sitio Bananeiras; 08°58ʹ35ʹʹ S, 35°53ʹ33ʹʹ W; 512 m a.s.l.; 28 Oct. 2014; L.P. Felix, E.M. Almeida, J.P. Araújo, J.M.P. Cordeiro 15160; holotype: EAN!; isotypes: IMA!, IPA!, K!, RB!. Paratype BRAZIL – Alagoas • Ibateguara; 08°58ʹ35ʹʹ S, 35°53ʹ33ʹʹ W; 512 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2015; E.M. Almeida & A.M. Wanderley 1572; EAN[23212]!. Description Saxicolous chamaephyte up to ca 1 m, rarely with secondary branching. Young branches purplish, lustrous, quadrangular, not winged, pubescent, with aciculate trichomes; branches brownish when mature, slightly inclined, subquadrangular. Leaves opposite, decussate; leaf blade 4.0–16.0 × 1.7– 5.5 cm, purplish when young, later green with purplish margin, lustrous, elliptic to ovate, strongly bullate; adaxial side pubescent, with aciculate trichomes; abaxial side glabrescent, with recurved trichomes; apex acute to acuminate, flat; margin flat, ciliate. Inflorescence a simple dichasium. Peduncle purplish, subcylindrical, winged, pubescent, with trichomes recurved and papillose; primary peduncle 0.65–2.10 × 0.08–0.17 cm, secondary peduncle 0.40–0.75 × 0.08–0.17 cm. Pedicel 0.60–1.50 × 0.14– 0.20 cm, purplish, pubescent, with trichomes recurved and papillose; ventral side with wings on the proximal third to totally winged. Bracts 0.20–0.50 × 0.06–0.08 cm, purplish; abaxial side glabrescent, trichomes recurved, adaxial side glabrescent, trichomes papillose, margin ciliate with recurved trichomes. Calyx purplish, abaxial side glabrescent, with aciculate trichomes, recurved and papillose, adaxial side densely covered by papillose trichomes, rarely recurved, margin glabrous; dorsal sepal 1.9–2.4 × 0.5–0.7 cm, widely lanceolate, winged; lateral sepals 1.6–2.1 × 0.3–0.5 cm, lanceolate; ventral sepals 1.5–2.0 × 0.3–0.4 cm, lanceolate. Corolla 5.5–7.0 cm long, scarlet, externally pubescent, with glandular trichomes; internal side glabrescent, with papillose trichomes; tube 4.3–5.9 cm long; upper lip 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 cm, slightly bilobate; lower lip 1.1–1.6 × 0.5–0.6 cm, inner perianth with trichomes filiform, violet; lobes revolute; median lobe 0.20–0.27 × 0.08–0.10 cm. Stamens included, adnate to the median third of the corolla tube; filaments violaceous, dorsal ones 1.8–2.6 × 0.08 cm; ventral ones 2.0–2.9 × 0.08 cm; anthers 0.15 cm diam.; staminodium 0.17–0.20 cm, adnate until the middle third of the corolla tube, glabrous. Ovary ca 0.7 × 0.3 cm, glabrescent, with trichomes papillose and/or aciculate; style 5.0–6.0 cm, occasionally exserted, glabrous. Capsule 1.5–2.0 × 0.6–0.8 cm, slightly purplish. Seeds 0.10 × 0.05 cm. Distribution Ameroglossum asperifolium sp. nov. is known only from a small population growing on a granite outcrop where it covers an area of approximately 0.5 ha in the Leste Alagoano mesoregion, Alagoas State, Brazil. Elevation ca 510 m. Ecology Flowering and fruiting was observed in June and October. The rocky outcrop where the species was collected is located at the edge of a secondary road near the Usina Serra Grande sugarcane plantation, Alagoas State, and was probably originally surrounded by Atlantic Forest vegetation. Population and threats There is only a single known isolated population of this species, occupying an area of less than 10 km 2 . In addition to the degradation of the surrounding habitat due to agricultural expansion, we observed invasion of the outcrop by Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. (Asparagaceae), resulting in competition for space and consequent reduction of the population of this newly described taxon.Published as part of Almeida, Erton M., Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Wanderley, Artur Maia, Cordeiro, Joel Maciel P., Melo, José Iranildo Miranda De, Batista, Fabiane Rabelo Da Costa & Felix, Leonardo P., 2021, An overview of the Brazilian inselberg genus Ameroglossum (Linderniaceae, Lamiales), with the description of seven new species, pp. 1-25 in European Journal of Taxonomy 746 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.746.1313, http://zenodo.org/record/469584