Démarche de déploiement et de changement de la cellule d'innovation pédagogique (Université de la Méditerranée) – 2002/ 2004

Les actes papiers peuvent être commandés à l'adresse suivant http://www.utc.fr/tice2004/commande_actes_tice2004.docThis communication constitutes an experience feedback on deployment and change strategy carried out by Cellule d'Innovation Pédagogique (CIP), within the Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II).On the one hand, implementation context of TICE's (Information and Communication Technology for Education) deployment strategy is described through CIP's functioning, actions and productions. On the other hand, the analysis of deployment temporal phases and of diffusion's vectors – capitalization, contextualization and hybridization of resources and approaches, highlights the model of change in which the CIP invests itself. This model is characterised by the strategic concepts of distanced appropriation and combined approach between "individualization" and "industrialization".Cette communication constitue un retour d'expérience sur la stratégie de déploiement et de changement menée par la Cellule d'Innovation Pédagogique (CIP) au sein de l'Université de la Méditerranée (Aixmarseille II). D'une part, le contexte de mise en œuvre de la stratégie de déploiement des TICE est présenté à travers le fonctionnement de la CIP, ses actions et productions. D'autre part, l'analyse des différentes phases temporelles de déploiement et ses vecteurs – capitalisation, contextualisation et hybridation des ressources et des démarches, permet de mettre en évidence le modèle de changement dans lequel la CIP s'investit, caractérisé par les notions stratégiques d'appropriation distanciée et de démarche combinée entre « individualisation » et « industrialisation »

Les TICE dans la formation initiale des enseignants en France: étude de cas national

Le but du présent rapport est de décrire comment les étudiants stagiaires sont formés à intégrer les technologies dans leurs futurs enseignements en France. Le rapport fait partie de l'étude comparative menée par l'OCDE/CERI sur la « formation initiale des enseignants aux technologies». Cette étude a pour objectifs de fournir une image détaillée de la façon dont les technologies sont introduites dans la formation initiale des enseignants dans les pays de l'OCDE. Les pays ayant contribué aux études de cas sont l'Autriche, le Chili, le Danemark, la Finlande, la France, la Hongrie, les Pays Bas, la Norvège, la Suède, le Royaume-Uni et les Etats-Unis. A l'exception des Etats-Unis, tous les pays ont utilisé les mêmes instruments traduits dans chacune des langues nationales. Le présent rapport décrit les résultats de l'étude de cas menée en France. Il présente successivement l¿équipement des institutions de formation visitées, le point de vue des principaux acteurs locaux (étudiants stagiaires, formateurs et directeurs des instituts), les freins et les éléments facilitateurs à l'intégration et l'utilisation pédagogique des technologies par les futurs et nouveaux enseignants. Les annexes du rapport rappellent d¿une part le contexte historique et culturel français de la formation initiale des enseignants, et d'autre part les référentiels de compétences relatifs aux technologies et déployés dans l'enseignement secondaire (Brevet Informatique et Internet - B2I), dans l'enseignement supérieur (Certificat Informatique et Internet - C2I) et dans la formation initiale des enseignants (Certificat Informatique et Internet spécialisé pour les enseignants - C2I2e).JRC.DG.G.3-Econometrics and applied statistic

Social Networks and Cyber-bullying among Teenagers

In the digital society, even if ICT offers new opportunities and benefits to teenagers, it also poses significant challenges to them. More and more teenagers are becoming victims of aggression via ICT. In Europe, among the 9-16 year-old participants in the EU Kids Online survey (2011): 33 % were bothered or upset by inappropriate material online, 12 % were bothered or upset meeting online contacts offline, and 80 % were fairly or very upset by cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying does not respect borders but perception of the problem strongly depends on aspects including the culture, the history, the social context and political history of the country or area in question. In Europe, in order to prevent cyber-bullying, policy decisions have been taken and numerous programmes have been defined and implemented. Nevertheless, the impact that this phenomenon has means that European institutions need to continue to research, to legislate and to encourage collective and individual actions in order to address it. The Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen (IPSC) of the Joint Research Centre has organised a workshop on ‘Social Networks and cyber-bullying in the teenager population’. The aim of the workshop was to explore the ethical challenges arising from social networks for specific sectors of the population, namely individuals with limited legal capacity in order to support European Commission policies in this field. With the experts that were invited to this workshop, several recommendations were proposed. The workshop as showed that there are very urgent matters to deal with, beyond the current focus on privacy as far as ethical issues about ICT are concerned. What values are different generations willing to preserve? How are digital rights being reframed with the current appropriation of technology? Is duty of care the ethical value that will pervade and will be worth cultivating?JRC.G.7-Digital Citizen Securit

Interrogating Privacy in the digital society: media narratives after 2 cases

The introduction of information technology (IT) in the society and its pervasiveness in every aspect of citizens’ daily life highlight societal stakes related to the goals of IT uses, social networks being a most important example. This paper examines two cases which have in common a not straightforward link with privacy as addressed and protected by existing law in Europe (EU) and the United-States (USA), but whose characteristics, we reckon fall on other privacy function and properties. In Western societies individuals rely on normative discourses such as the legal one in order to ensure protection. Hence, the paper argues that other functions of privacy need either further framing into legislation or they need to constitute in themselves normative commitments of an ethical nature for technology development and use. Some initiatives at EU level recall such commitments namely by developing a normative discourse based on ethics and human values. We argue that we need to interrogate society about those normative discourses because the values we once cherished in a non-digital society are seriously being questioned.JRC.G.7-Digital Citizen Securit

Pertinences et impuissances d’une politique globale de changement autour des TICE face aux stratégies d’acteurs

Cet article présente le déploiement de l’Environnement Numérique de la Formation Initiale de Télécom Paris à la fois comme un élément inscrit de manière plus globale dans une politique de changement organisationnel menée par l’école, un instrument de ce changement et un objet socio-technique que les enseignants-chercheurs s’approprient. Par conséquent, si innovation pédagogique il y a, elle est moins liée à l’institutionnalisation du changement qu’aux initiatives locales et utilisations novatrices qui permettent d’appréhender un cours d’une manière différente.This paper presents the implementation of a web-based system for the academic programs at Telecom Paris, as a part of the policy of organizational change led by the school, an instrument of this change and a socio-technical object that the academic staff appropriates. As a result, if pedagogic innovation there is, it is less linked to the institutionalisation of change than to local initiatives and to the innovative uses which allow to teach in a different way

Redox activation of ATM enhances GSNOR translation to sustain mitophagy and tolerance to oxidative stress

The denitrosylase S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) has been suggested to sustain mitochondrial removal by autophagy (mitophagy), functionally linking S-nitrosylation to cell senescence and aging. In this study, we provide evidence that GSNOR is induced at the translational level in response to hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial ROS. The use of selective pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA demonstrates that GSNOR induction is an event downstream of the redox-mediated activation of ATM, which in turn phosphorylates and activates CHK2 and p53 as intermediate players of this signaling cascade. The modulation of ATM/GSNOR axis, or the expression of a redox-insensitive ATM mutant influences cell sensitivity to nitrosative and oxidative stress, impairs mitophagy and affects cell survival. Remarkably, this interplay modulates T-cell activation, supporting the conclusion that GSNOR is a key molecular effector of the antioxidant function of ATM and providing new clues to comprehend the pleiotropic effects of ATM in the context of immune function

The constitution of the Hybrid World

The development and widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICT) are having a profound impact in many aspects of our daily lives, transforming the conditions and procedures of work, changing the modes of communication and social interaction, and altering the fundamental nature of human action, insofar as they play an important role in shaping what we do and how we experienced the world. In fact, the re-conceptualisation of the very foundational assumptions of modern societies, the new configurations of natural and social life, and the blurring of ontological categories upon which our political, social and legal orders are based, point to fundamental aspects of the human condition that have been reshaped by the hybridisation processes characterising modern human entanglements with emerging technologies. Despite the constitutional nature of these transformations, the basic rules that bind a state to its citizens have undergone small adjustments and accommodations. This not only shows how constitutional rights continue to be regarded as the most stable elements of national life, but also calls attention to the need of looking for the ways in which unwritten and emergent rules of constitutional dimension are being crafted. Where can we observe the new constitutional order that is emerging at the present moment? What fundamental aspects of human life are being transformed by the mediated role played by new ICT? What are the far-reaching ethical, legal and social implications of these transformations? In what way the most fundamental human rights and the most fundamental relations between states and citizens are being reframed in view of cross-cutting transformations in law and new ICT? In this report we propose to address these questions by focusing our analysis on complex forms of mediation and translation that emerge from the use of the Internet and other ICT-based network arrangements.JRC.G.6-Digital Citizen Securit

Loss of Ambra1 promotes melanoma growth and invasion

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. Despite improvements in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma biology and in defining new curative strategies, the therapeutic needs for this disease have not yet been fulfilled. Herein, we provide evidence that the Activating Molecule in Beclin-1-Regulated Autophagy (Ambra1) contributes to melanoma development. Indeed, we show that Ambra1 deficiency confers accelerated tumor growth and decreased overall survival in Braf/Pten-mutated mouse models of melanoma. Also, we demonstrate that Ambra1 deletion promotes melanoma aggressiveness and metastasis by increasing cell motility/invasion and activating an EMT-like process. Moreover, we show that Ambra1 deficiency in melanoma impacts extracellular matrix remodeling and induces hyperactivation of the focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1) signaling, whose inhibition is able to reduce cell invasion and melanoma growth. Overall, our findings identify a function for AMBRA1 as tumor suppressor in melanoma, proposing FAK1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for AMBRA1 low-expressing melanoma. The absence of scaffold protein Ambra1 leads to hyperproliferation and growth in mouse models. Here the authors show that Ambra1 deficiency accelerates melanoma growth and increases metastasis in mouse models of melanoma through FAK1 hyperactivation

Exploiting antitumor immunity to overcome relapse and improve remission duration

Cancer survivors often relapse due to evolving drug-resistant clones and repopulating tumor stem cells. Our preclinical study demonstrated that terminal cancer patient’s lymphocytes can be converted from tolerant bystanders in vivo into effective cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro killing patient’s own tumor cells containing drug-resistant clones and tumor stem cells. We designed a clinical trial combining peginterferon α-2b with imatinib for treatment of stage III/IV gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with the rational that peginterferon α-2b serves as danger signals to promote antitumor immunity while imatinib’s effective tumor killing undermines tumor-induced tolerance and supply tumor-specific antigens in vivo without leukopenia, thus allowing for proper dendritic cell and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation toward Th1 response. Interim analysis of eight patients demonstrated significant induction of IFN-γ-producing-CD8+, -CD4+, -NK cell, and IFN-γ-producing-tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes, signifying significant Th1 response and NK cell activation. After a median follow-up of 3.6 years, complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) = 100%, overall survival = 100%, one patient died of unrelated illness while in remission, six of seven evaluable patients are either in continuing PR/CR (5 patients) or have progression-free survival (PFS, 1 patient) exceeding the upper limit of the 95% confidence level of the genotype-specific-PFS of the phase III imatinib-monotherapy (CALGB150105/SWOGS0033), demonstrating highly promising clinical outcomes. The current trial is closed in preparation for a larger future trial. We conclude that combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy is safe and induced significant Th1 response and NK cell activation and demonstrated highly promising clinical efficacy in GIST, thus warranting development in other tumor types