5 research outputs found
International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009
The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Linseed essential oil - source of lipids as active ingredients for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
Linseed - also known as flaxseed - is known for its beneficial effects on animal
health attributed to its composition. Linseed comprises linoleic and ?-linolenic fatty acids,
various dietary fibers and lignans, which are beneficial to health because they reduce the risk
of cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer, decreasing the levels of cholesterol and relaxing
the smooth muscle cells in arteries increasing the blood flow. Essential fatty acids from flax
participate in several metabolic processes of the cell, not only as structuring components of
the cell membrane but also as storage lipids. Flax, being considered a functional food, can be
consumed in a variety of ways, including seeds, oil or flour, contributing to basic nutrition.
Several formulations containing flax are available on the market in the form of e.g. capsules
and microencapsulated powders having potential as nutraceuticals. This paper revises the different
lipid classes found in flaxseeds and their genomics. It also discusses the beneficial effects
of flax and flaxseed oil and their biological advantages as ingredients in pharmaceuticals
and in nutraceuticals products.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 for the project M-ERA-NET/0004/2015-PAIRED.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio