35 research outputs found

    In Vitro Doubled Haploid Production of Bacterial Blight Resistant Plants from BC2F1 Plants (Ranbir Basmati X Pau148) Through Anther Culture

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    Doubled haploid plants are very important for the development of complete homozygous plants from heterozygous parents in one generation as they possess duplicate copy of haploid chromosome. Haploid production is easily obtained from in vitro anther culture. The present study was undertaken with the objective to develop doubled haploids using anthers for in vitro induction of callus on N6 medium supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5-2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2.0 mg/L) as callus induction medium (CIM). The highest callus induction frequency was obtained when N6 medium fortified with 2,4-D (2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and NAA (2 mg/L) of 10.07 per cent. The induced callus was sub cultured for shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with growth regulators: Kinetin and NAA (0.5 mg/L each) in combination with BAP (0.0 - 2.5 mg/L). MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.5 mg/L) was most responsive exhibiting regeneration frequency of 28.1 per cent which resulted in maximum regeneration of green plantlets and only 5.21 per cent of albinos. Individual plantlets were separated and immersed in liquid MS medium augmented with NAA (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.5-1.0 mg/L). Maximum rooting was observed in MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 mg/L). The survival rate of in-vitro raised plants was 51.51 per cent. Of these surviving plants, 21 plants were observed to have the sterility percentage above 50 percent and hence can be considered as the doubled haploid plants. Plant DH8 is susceptible and DH20 is heterozygous for gene Xa21. Two plants are susceptible for gene xa1

    Genetic mapping for grain quality and yield-attributed traits in Basmati rice using SSR-based genetic map

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    Rice grain shape and nutritional quality traits have high economic value for commercial production of rice and largely determine the market price, besides influencing the global food demand for high-quality rice. Detection, mapping and exploitation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with kernel elongation and grain quality in Basmati rice is considered as an efficient strategy for improving the kernel elongation and grain quality trait in rice varieties. Genetic information in rice for most of these traits is scanty and needed interventions through the use of molecular markers. A recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population consisting of 130 lines generated from the cross involving Basmati 370, a superior quality Basmati variety and Pusa Basmati 1121, a Basmati derived variety were used to map the QTLs for 9 important grain quality and yield related traits. Correlation studies showed that various components of yield show a significant positive relationship with grain yield. A genetic map was constructed using 70 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers spanning a genetic distance of 689.3 cM distributed over 12 rice chromosomes. Significant variation was observed and showed transgressive segregation for grain quality traits in RIL population. A total of 20 QTLs were identified associated with nine yield and quality traits. Epistatic interactions were also identified for grain quality related traits indicating complex genetic nature inheritance. Therefore, the identified QTLs and flanking marker information could be utilized in the marker-assisted selection to improve kernel elongation and nutritional grain quality traits in rice varieties

    Determination of genetic relationship among basmati and non-basmati rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) genotypes from North-West Himalayas using microsatellite markers

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    68-75In the present study, 25 microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic relatedness among the 51 basmati and 14 non-basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. A total of 82 alleles were detected by 25 markers, all of them (100%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC) among genotypes varied 0.253 (RM520) to 0.695 (RM206) with an average of 0.46. Pairwise genetic similarity coefficients between all genotypes ranged 0.1 to 0.6 with average of 0.39. Phylogenetic-based cluster analysis of the SSR data, based on distance, divided all genotypes into four groups (I, II, III & IV), consisting of 39, 7, 16 and 3 genotypes, respectively. Principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) confirmed the separation of basmati and non-basmati rice genotypes comparable to those from UPGMA analysis and were well in agreement. These results suggest that the microsatellite SSR markers are efficient for measuring genetic relatedness among the rice genotypes, and can be utilized effectively for the differentiation of basmati and non-basmati rice genotypes. Present study also indicated that genetically basmati rice is different from that of coarse rice type, and supports the concept of independent evolution of basmati rice. The low level of diversity in local basmati suggested the introduction of diverse germplasm in the basmati breeding programme

    Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Basmati Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Germplasm Collected from North Western Himalayas Using Trait Linked SSR Markers

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    <div><p>One hundred forty one basmati rice genotypes collected from different geographic regions of North Western Himalayas were characterized using 40 traits linked microsatellite markers. Number of alleles detected by the abovementioned primers were 112 with a maximum and minimum frequency of 5 and 2 alleles, respectively. The maximum and minimum polymorphic information content values were found to be 0.63 and 0.17 for the primers RM206 and RM213, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient for the most number of pairs ranged between of 0.2-0.9 with the average value of 0.60 for all possible combinations, indicating moderate genetic diversity among the chosen genotypes. Phylogenetic cluster analysis of the SSR data based on distance divided all genotypes into four groups (I, II, III and IV), whereas model based clustering method divided these genotypes into five groups (A, B, C, D and E). However, the result from both the analysis are in well agreement with each other for clustering on the basis of place of collection and geographic region, except the local basmati genotypes which clustered into three subpopulations in structure analysis comparison to two clusters in distance based clustering. The diverse genotypes and polymorphic trait linked microsatellites markers in the present study will be used for the identification of quantitative trait loci/genes for different economically important traits to be utilized in molecular breeding programme of rice in the future.</p></div

    UPGMA dendrogram of five subpopulations.

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    <p>A (pop1), B (pop2), C (pop3), D (pop4) and E (pop5) of basmati rice genotypes showing two clusters Z and X based on Nei’s genetic distances using POPGENE version 1.31.</p

    Gel picture of marker RM212 showing banding pattern in 141 basmati rice genotypes.

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    <p>Gel picture of marker RM212 showing banding pattern in 141 basmati rice genotypes.</p

    UPGMA dendrogram showing four clusters (I, II, III and IV) of all 141 basmati genotypes of rice.

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    <p>UPGMA dendrogram showing four clusters (I, II, III and IV) of all 141 basmati genotypes of rice.</p

    List of markers used, chromosome number, functional gene, associated trait, number of alleles, major allele frequency, PIC values, marker index (MI), resolving power (RP), and discrimination power (DP).

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    <p>Functional genes as modified from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131858#pone.0131858.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>], [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131858#pone.0131858.ref036" target="_blank">36</a>], [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131858#pone.0131858.ref037" target="_blank">37</a>], [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131858#pone.0131858.ref038" target="_blank">38</a>], [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131858#pone.0131858.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>].</p><p>List of markers used, chromosome number, functional gene, associated trait, number of alleles, major allele frequency, PIC values, marker index (MI), resolving power (RP), and discrimination power (DP).</p

    Major allele frequency of polymorphic SSR markers.

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    <p>Major allele frequency of polymorphic SSR markers.</p
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