67,401 research outputs found
Soft High Energy Scattering in Nonperturbative QCD
In this report diffractive high energy reactions are discussed in a
functional integral approach where hadronic amplitudes are calculated from
vacuum expectation values of lightlike Wegner-Wilson loops. In the first part
we calculate elastic differential cross sections for high energy and small
momentum transfer elastic proton-proton (pp) scattering which are in reasonable
agreement with the experimental data. In the second part we consider exclusive
production in ep-scattering. At high energies photon and odderon
exchange contribute to this reaction. We show that odderon exchange leads to a
much larger inelastic than elastic production cross section, dominating
the contribution by orders of magnitude. Observing our process at HERA
would establish the soft odderon.Comment: Talk given at the International Conference on Elastic and Diffractive
Scattering (EDS 99), Protvino, Russia, 28 June-2 July 199
Differential cross sections for high energy elastic hadron-hadron scattering in nonperturbative QCD
Total and differential cross sections for high energy and small momentum
transfer elastic hadron-hadron scattering are studied in QCD using a functional
integral approach. The hadronic amplitudes are governed by vacuum expectation
values of lightlike Wegner-Wilson loops, for which a matrix cumulant expansion
is derived. The cumulants are evaluated within the framework of the Minkowskian
version of the model of the stochastic vacuum. Using the second cumulant, we
calculate elastic differential cross sections for hadron-hadron scattering. The
agreement with experimental data is good.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figure
Training samples in objective Bayesian model selection
Central to several objective approaches to Bayesian model selection is the
use of training samples (subsets of the data), so as to allow utilization of
improper objective priors. The most common prescription for choosing training
samples is to choose them to be as small as possible, subject to yielding
proper posteriors; these are called minimal training samples.
When data can vary widely in terms of either information content or impact on
the improper priors, use of minimal training samples can be inadequate.
Important examples include certain cases of discrete data, the presence of
censored observations, and certain situations involving linear models and
explanatory variables. Such situations require more sophisticated methods of
choosing training samples. A variety of such methods are developed in this
paper, and successfully applied in challenging situations
An inverse of the evaluation functional for typed Lambda-calculus
In any model of typed Ī»-calculus conianing some basic
arithmetic, a functional p - * (procedureā* expression)
will be defined which inverts the evaluation functional
for typed X-terms, Combined with the evaluation
functional, p-e yields an efficient normalization algorithm.
The method is extended to X-calculi with constants
and is used to normalize (the X-representations
of) natural deduction proofs of (higher order) arithmetic.
A consequence of theoretical interest is a strong
completeness theorem for Ī²Ī·-reduction, generalizing
results of Friedman [1] and Statman [31: If two Xterms
have the same value in some model containing
representations of the primitive recursive functions
(of level 1) then they are provably equal in the Ī²Ī·-
calculus
Program logics for homogeneous meta-programming.
A meta-program is a program that generates or manipulates another program; in homogeneous meta-programming, a program may generate new parts of, or manipulate, itself. Meta-programming has been used extensively since macros
were introduced to Lisp, yet we have little idea how formally to reason about metaprograms. This paper provides the first program logics for homogeneous metaprogramming
ā using a variant of MiniMLe by Davies and Pfenning as underlying meta-programming language.We show the applicability of our approach by reasoning about example meta-programs from the literature. We also demonstrate that our logics are relatively complete in the sense of Cook, enable the inductive derivation of characteristic formulae, and exactly capture the observational properties induced by the operational semantics
325 MHz VLA Observations of Ultracool Dwarfs TVLM 513-46546 and 2MASS J0036+1821104
We present 325 MHz (90 cm wavelength) radio observations of ultracool dwarfs
TVLM 513-46546 and 2MASS J0036+1821104 using the Very Large Array (VLA) in June
2007. Ultracool dwarfs are expected to be undetectable at radio frequencies,
yet observations at 8.5 GHz (3.5 cm) and 4.9 GHz (6 cm) of have revealed
sources with > 100 {\mu}Jy quiescent radio flux and > 1 mJy pulses coincident
with stellar rotation. The anomalous emission is likely a combination of
gyrosynchrotron and cyclotron maser processes in a long-duration, large-scale
magnetic field. Since the characteristic frequency for each process scales
directly with the magnetic field magnitude, emission at lower frequencies may
be detectable from regions with weaker field strength. We detect no significant
radio emission at 325 MHz from TVLM 513-46546 or 2MASS J0036+1821104 over
multiple stellar rotations, establishing 2.5{\sigma} total flux limits of 795
{\mu}Jy and 942 {\mu}Jy respectively. Analysis of an archival VLA 1.4 GHz
observation of 2MASS J0036+1821104 from January 2005 also yields a
non-detection at the level of < 130 {\mu}Jy . The combined radio observation
history (0.3 GHz to 8.5 GHz) for these sources suggests a continuum emission
spectrum for ultracool dwarfs which is either flat or inverted below 2-3 GHz.
Further, if the cyclotron maser instability is responsible for the pulsed radio
emission observed on some ultracool dwarfs, our low-frequency non-detections
suggest that the active region responsible for the high-frequency bursts is
confined within 2 stellar radii and driven by electron beams with energies less
than 5 keV.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to A
Lasercooled RaF as a promising candidate to measure molecular parity violation
The parameter , which characterizes nuclear spin-dependent
parity violation effects within the effective molecular spin-rotational
Hamiltonian, was computed for the electronic ground state of radium fluoride
(RaF) and found to be one of the largest absolute values predicted so far.
These calculations were performed with the complex generalised Hartree-Fock
method within a two-component (quasi-relativistic) zeroth-order regular
approximation framework. Peculiarities of the molecular electronic structure of
RaF lead to highly diagonal Franck-Condon matrices between vibrational states
of the electronic ground and first excited states, which renders the molecule
in principle suitable for direct laser cooling. As a trapped gas of cold
molecules offers a superior coherence time, RaF can be considered a promising
candidate for high-precision spectroscopic experiments aimed at the search of
molecular parity-violation effects.Comment: 4.5 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Supplementary material can be
requested from the authors. Minor changes to version
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