The dynamics and estimation of short-run money demand

Demand for money

The wayward money supply: a post-mortem of 1982

Money supply

The shift in money demand: what really happened?

Demand for money

Evidence on the temporal stability of the demand for money relationship in the United States

Demand for money

Monetary policy and short-term real rates of interest

Monetary policy ; Interest rates

The local impacts of climate change in the Ferlo, Western Sahel

Recent increases in the accuracy of climate models have enhanced the possibilities for analyzing the impacts of climate change on society. This paper explores how the local, economic impacts of climate change can be modeled for a specific eco-region, the Western Sahel. The people in the Sahel are highly dependent on their natural resource base, and these resources are highly vulnerable to climate change, in particular to changes in rainfall. Climate models project substantial changes in rainfall in the Sahel in the coming 50 years, with most models predicting a reduction in rainfall. To connect climate change to changes in ecosystem productivity and local income, we construct an ecological¿economic model that incorporates rangeland dynamics, grazing and livestock prices. The model shows that decreased rainfall in the Sahel will considerably reduce local incomes, in particular if combined with increases in rainfall variability. Adaptation to these climate change projections is possible if reductions in rainfall are followed by destocking to reach efficient grazing levels. However, while such a strategy is optimal from the perspective of society, the stocking rate is determined by individual pastoralists that face few incentives to destoc

Capillary focusing close to a topographic step: Shape and instability of confined liquid filaments

Step-emulsification is a microfluidic technique for droplet generation which relies on the abrupt decrease of confinement of a liquid filament surrounded by a continuous phase. A striking feature of this geometry is the transition between two distinct droplet breakup regimes, the "step-regime" and "jet-regime", at a critical capillary number. In the step-regime, small and monodisperse droplets break off from the filament directly at a topographic step, while in the jet-regime a jet protrudes into the larger channel region and large plug-like droplets are produced. We characterize the breakup behavior as a function of the filament geometry and the capillary number and present experimental results on the shape and evolution of the filament for a wide range of capillary numbers in the jet-regime. We compare the experimental results with numerical simulations. Assumptions based on the smallness of the depth of the microfluidic channel allow to reduce the governing equations to the Hele-Shaw problem with surface tension. The full nonlinear equations are then solved numerically using a volume-of-fluid based algorithm. The computational framework also captures the transition between both regimes, offering a deeper understanding of the underlying breakup mechanism

Forecasting the money multiplier: implications for money stock control and economic activity

Forecasting ; Money supply

Impact of Gamification on an Online Middle School Classroom

Gamification is defined as the use of game elements in non-game contexts. The gamified element explored in this thesis is a leaderboard with various forms of engagement being tabulated. This study investigates the impact a leaderboard has on the behavioral engagement of an online middle school classroom. Research has revealed that elements of gamification can increase engagement but there is a gap in research that focuses solely on a leaderboard as an intervention to increase engagement. Also missing from the literature were studies conducted in middle school settings. The study presented in this thesis addresses these limitations and provides value to the knowledge base. A quasi experimental study using classroom observations was conducted. During the study, a total of 8 classes (4 control and 4 intervention) of an online English Language Arts class were observed over the period of 5 weeks. During the intervention, a leaderboard was used to measure behavioral engagement