1,809 research outputs found
Automatic Error Localization for Software using Deductive Verification
Even competent programmers make mistakes. Automatic verification can detect
errors, but leaves the frustrating task of finding the erroneous line of code
to the user. This paper presents an automatic approach for identifying
potential error locations in software. It is based on a deductive verification
engine, which detects errors in functions annotated with pre- and
post-conditions. Using an automatic theorem prover, our approach finds
expressions in the code that can be modified such that the program satisfies
its specification. Scalability is achieved by analyzing each function in
isolation. We have implemented our approach in the widely used Frama-C
framework and present first experimental results. This is an extended version
of [8], featuring an additional appendix.Comment: This is an extended version of [8], featuring an additional appendi
Structural Synthesis for GXW Specifications
We define the GXW fragment of linear temporal logic (LTL) as the basis for
synthesizing embedded control software for safety-critical applications. Since
GXW includes the use of a weak-until operator we are able to specify a number
of diverse programmable logic control (PLC) problems, which we have compiled
from industrial training sets. For GXW controller specifications, we develop a
novel approach for synthesizing a set of synchronously communicating
actor-based controllers. This synthesis algorithm proceeds by means of
recursing over the structure of GXW specifications, and generates a set of
dedicated and synchronously communicating sub-controllers according to the
formula structure. In a subsequent step, 2QBF constraint solving identifies and
tries to resolve potential conflicts between individual GXW specifications.
This structural approach to GXW synthesis supports traceability between
requirements and the generated control code as mandated by certification
regimes for safety-critical software. Synthesis for GXW specifications is in
PSPACE compared to 2EXPTIME-completeness of full-fledged LTL synthesis. Indeed
our experimental results suggest that GXW synthesis scales well to
industrial-sized control synthesis problems with 20 input and output ports and
beyond.Comment: The long (including appendix) version being reviewed by CAV'16
program committee. Compared to the submitted version, one author (out of her
wish) is moved to the Acknowledgement. (v2) Corrected typos. (v3) Add an
additional remark over environment assumption and easy corner case
Role of the Basal Ganglia in Balance Control
In this review paper, we summarize the important contributions of the basal ganglia to the regulation of postural control. After a brief overview of basal ganglia circuitries, the emphasis is on clinical observations in patients with focal lesions in parts of the basal ganglia, as the impairments seen here can serve to highlight the normal functions of the basal ganglia nuclei in postural control. Two particularly relevant functions are discussed in detail: first, the contribution of the basal ganglia to flexibility and to gaining control of balancecorrecting responses, including the ability to lend priority to the elements of a postural task; and second, processing afferent information by the basal ganglia, which is increasingly recognized as being highly relevant for postural control
Temporal Stream Logic: Synthesis beyond the Bools
Reactive systems that operate in environments with complex data, such as
mobile apps or embedded controllers with many sensors, are difficult to
synthesize. Synthesis tools usually fail for such systems because the state
space resulting from the discretization of the data is too large. We introduce
TSL, a new temporal logic that separates control and data. We provide a
CEGAR-based synthesis approach for the construction of implementations that are
guaranteed to satisfy a TSL specification for all possible instantiations of
the data processing functions. TSL provides an attractive trade-off for
synthesis. On the one hand, synthesis from TSL, unlike synthesis from standard
temporal logics, is undecidable in general. On the other hand, however,
synthesis from TSL is scalable, because it is independent of the complexity of
the handled data. Among other benchmarks, we have successfully synthesized a
music player Android app and a controller for an autonomous vehicle in the Open
Race Car Simulator (TORCS.
Recent advances in the assessment and treatment of falls in Parkinson's disease
Falls are among the most incapacitating features of Parkinson's disease. Prevention of falls requires a systematic assessment of all contributing factors (with emphasis on freezing of gait and frontal executive dysfunction), and a multidisciplinary treatment approach tailored to the specific pathophysiology of falls for each individual patient
Synthesis of minimum-cost shields for multi-agent systems
In this paper, we propose a general approach to derive runtime enforcement implementations for multiagent systems, called shields, from temporal logical specifications. Each agent of the multi-agent system is monitored, and if needed corrected, by the shield, such that a global specification is always satisfied. The different ways of how a shield can interfere with each agent in the system in case of an error introduces the need for quantitative objectives. This work is the first to discuss the shield synthesis problem with quantitative objectives. We provide several cost functions that are utilized in the multi-agent setting and provide methods for the synthesis of cost-optimal shields and fair shields, under the given assumptions on the multi-agent system. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach via a detailed case study on UAV mission planning for warehouse logistics and simulating the shielded multi-agent system on ROS/Gazebo
The edentulous patient: attitudes toward oral health status
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75662/1/j.1754-4505.1983.tb01340.x.pd
Pattern-Based Refinement of Assume-Guarantee Specifications in Reactive Synthesis
Abstract. We consider the problem of compositional refinement of com-ponents ’ specifications in the context of compositional reactive synthe-sis. Our solution is based on automatic refinement of assumptions and guarantees expressed in linear temporal logic (LTL). We show how be-haviors of the environment and the system can be inferred from counter-strategies and strategies, respectively, as formulas in special forms called patterns. Instantiations of patterns are LTL formulas which hold over all runs of such strategies, and are used to refine the specification by adding new input assumptions or output guarantees. We propose three different approaches for compositional refinement of specifications, based on how much information is shared between the components, and demonstrate and compare the methods empirically.
The clinical heterogeneity of drug-induced myoclonus: an illustrated review
Contains fulltext :
177995.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)A wide variety of drugs can cause myoclonus. To illustrate this, we first discuss two personally observed cases, one presenting with generalized, but facial-predominant, myoclonus that was induced by amantadine; and the other presenting with propriospinal myoclonus triggered by an antibiotic. We then review the literature on drugs that may cause myoclonus, extracting the corresponding clinical phenotype and suggested underlying pathophysiology. The most frequently reported classes of drugs causing myoclonus include opiates, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antibiotics. The distribution of myoclonus ranges from focal to generalized, even amongst patients using the same drug, which suggests various neuro-anatomical generators. Possible underlying pathophysiological alterations involve serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate-related processes at various levels of the neuraxis. The high number of cases of drug-induced myoclonus, together with their reported heterogeneous clinical characteristics, underscores the importance of considering drugs as a possible cause of myoclonus, regardless of its clinical characteristics
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