PENGARUH UKURAN BIBIT TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BIOMASSA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH PADA TINGKAT PEMBERIAN PUPUK NITROGEN YANG BERBEDA

This study aims to determine the size of onion seeds and dosage of the most efficient nitrogen fertilizer on plant biomass formation of red onion. The experiment was conducted at the Green House Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto for five months from December 2010 until May 2011, study prepared based on randomized block design and each treatment was repeated four times. This study consists of two factors: First, the size of onion bulbs (U), consisting of tubers with a size of 3 grams (U1) and the size of 5 grams (U2). Second, the dose of fertilizer nitrogen (N), consisting of Nitrogen fertilizer was given as much as 46 kg / ha (N1), Nitrogen fertilizer was given as many as 92 kg / ha (N2) and nitrogen fertilizers were given as much as 138 kg / ha (N3). The results showed that the unfavorable weather factors could lead to yet determine the size of onion seed and nitrogen fertilizer are most efficient for the formation of plant biomass. There was no significant interaction between seed size with a dose of nitrogen fertilizer on the efficiency of biomass formation of onion plants viewed from all variable. Key words : onion, fertilizer, bulb, nitroge

Perbaikan Ultisol dengan Aplikasi Vermikompos Limbah Baglog dan Pupuk Fosfor terhadap Karakter Morfo-Fisiologi, Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Jagung

This study aims to obtain information about (1) the ability of Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus rubellus as baglog waste decomposers without additional materials, (2) the vermicompost quality of baglog waste, and (3) the impact of the application of vermicompost baglog waste and phosphorus fertilizer on morpho-physiology characters, yield and yield components of maize in Ultisols. The first and second studies were conducted using a Randomized Completely Block Design. The first study treatments were E. eugeniae, E. fetida, and L. rubellus with initial weights of 42, 84, 126 and 168 g, respectively. The variables observed included temperature, humidity, pH, C-organic, N-total and C/N ratio. The second study was an analysis of the quality of vermicompost as a result of the first study which observed the levels of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Humic Acid, cellulase enzyme activity, E. coli, N-fixing microbes and phosphate solubilizing microbes population. The third research was conducted using a Split Split Plot Design. The main plots were maize varieties Madura 3 and Sukmaraga. Subplots were phosphorus fertilizer doses consisting of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg P2O5 ha-1 equivalent to 0; 0,58; 1,17 and 1,75 g P2O5 pot-1. The Sub Subplots were the vermicompost doses of E. eugeniae, E. fetida and L. rubellus, respectively 0, 15, 30 and 45 tons ha-1 equivalent to 0; 87,5; 175 and 262,5 g pot-1. The variables observed were morpho-physiological characters, yield and yield components of maize. The results showed that the worms E. eugeniae, E. fetida and L. rubellus, were able to decompose baglog waste even without additional materials with vermicompost quality according to the compost quality standards prevailing in Indonesia and several countries in the world. The application of vermicompost 262,5 g pot-1 (equivalent to 45 t ha-1) at various doses of phosphorus fertilizer was able to improve Ultisols and produce optimal morpho-physiological characters of maize with yields of maize varieties Madura 3 94,8 g plant-1 equivalent to 4,88 t ha-1 and the Sukmaraga variety yielded 106,1 g plant-1 equivalent to 5,46 t ha-1

Karakteristik Brownies Panggang dengan Substitusi Tepung Bengkuang (Pachyrizus erosus L.) dan Pemanis Daun Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni M.)

This study aimed to find out the effect of jicama flour substitution, and stevia leaf  substitution as the sweetener, and the interaction on proximate and sensory characteristic of baked brownies. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the substitution ofjicama flour (B) with 4 levels of the jicama flour: 30%(B1), 40% (B2), 50%(B3), and 60%(B4). The second factor was the concentration of stevia leaves as the sweetener (S) with 3 levels: 1.75 grams (S1), 2.75 grams(S2), and 3.75 grams (S3). Proximate analysis parameters included moisture content, ash content, fat content, total sugar content, crude fibre content, and swelling power test. Sensory test parameters included colour, texture, aroma, taste and preference. The results indicated that the substitution treatment of jicama flour (B) had a significant effect on proximate analysis especially on the variable of total sugar content, crude fibre content, and swelling power. While the sensory properties had no significant effect on all variables. The treatment of adding stevia leaves (S) had a significant effect on the proximate analysis on ash content, total sugar content, and crude fibre content variables; and on sensory analysis, it affected the texture variable. The treatment interaction (SxB) had a significant effect on proximate analysis on several variables (ash content, total sugar content, fibre content, and swelling power), while sensory analysis had no significant effect on all variables. The best treatment was based on proximate and sensory analysis on the treatment of adding 1.75-gram stevia leaves and 60% jicama flour substitution (S1B4) with 22.67% water content, 1.44% ash content, 25.67% total sugar content, 28.85%fiber crude content, swelling power of 64.72%, colour of 4.00 (slightly dark brown), texture of 2.00 (thick), the aroma of 4.13 (slightly delicious), taste of 3.13 (slightly sweet), and preference of 3.33 (slightly like).

KERAGAAN ORGAN SOURCE DUA VARIETAS BAYAM CABUT PADA VARIASI MEDIA TANAM ARANG SEKAM

This study aims to determine the source organ performance of two spinach varieties in some planting media variation of charcoal husk. Research conducted at the Green House of Agricultural Faculty of Muhammadiyah University for four months starting in May-August 2012. The research was arrangged by Randomized Completely Block Design and each treatment was repeated three times. The study consisted of two factors: First, the varieties of spinach (V), consists of two varieties of the Maestro (V1) and Bisi (V2). Second, the addition of charcoal husk (A), consisting of A0 (without a charcoal husk / soil media only), A1 (given the husk charcoal at 25%), A2 (husk charcoal as much as 50%) and A3 (husk charcoal in 75%). The results showed that there was no difference between the source organ performance Maestro spinach varieties with varieties Bisi, husk charcoal dose needs to be added to spinach plants have best performance of source organs is 25% media volume, although this is not significantly different with only soil media and there was no significant interaction between type of spinach with a dose of charcoal husk of source organ performance of Maestro and Bisi spinach varieties

PENGARUH KOMBINASI 2,4-D DAN BENZIL AMINO PURIN (BAP) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KALUS PADA EKSPLAN DAUN KENCUR (Kaemferia galangal L) SECARA IN VITRO

This research aim to learn the influence of combination of concentration plant growth regulator 2,4-D and BAP to callus induction at eksplan of Koempheria galanga leaf, proliferasi callus at eksplan and also know the interaction influence between 2,4-D and BAP to obtaining culture of callus Koempheria galanga which its growth good. This research was conducted from April to September 2010, in Laboratory of Tissue Culture, FKIP, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. The Trial was arranged in Complete Random Design (CRD). Perception variable cover the : time induce the callus, percentage explant growth, callus volume which grow from explants leaf , culture appearance visually and percentage contamination. Result of research indicate that the Combination of concentration of Plant growth regulator 2,4-D at concentration 0 - 2 mg / l of medium and BAP at] concentration 0 - 0,3 mg / l medium still not yet able to induce formed is callus at eksplan of leaf Koempheria galanga during research. Disability Explants form the callus because of fenol high rate enough in tissue explant and also not yet proportional it concentration 2,4 D and Benzil Aminopurin which can depress the sintesis fenol in and death at explant of koempheria galanga leaf

PERTUMBUHAN KALUS KENCUR (Kaemferia galanga L) PADA KOMPOSISI MEDIA DENGAN PERLAKUAN SUKROSA DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH ( 2,4 D dan Benzil Aminopurin)

Penelitian ini merupakan upaya dalam perolehan kalus sebagai sumber metabolit sekunder melalui kultur kalus tanaman kencur (Kaemferia galanga) melalui modifikasi media tanam kultur kalus dengan berbagai konsentrasi sukrosa dan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dan BAP). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, waktu penelitian selama 8 bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan konsentrasi sukrosa ( 20, 30 dan 40 g/l) dan perlakuan kombinasi 2,4 D (0,5 – 2 ppm) dan BAP ( 0 - 0,2 ppm).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi perlakuan sukrosa ( 20 – 40 g/l) dan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4 D ( 1 – 3 ppm) dan BAP (0 – 0,2 ppm) dalam medium proliferasi kalus, perlakuan sukrosa memberikan pengaruh terhadap variabel bobot segar kalus, bobot kering kalus serta morfologi kalus yang terbentuk. Perlakuan sukrosa 30 % dalam media proliferasi kalus memberikan hasil terbaik untuk variabel pengamatan bobot kalus yaitu seberat 3,8 gram, bobot kering kalus seberat 0,151 gram dengan keremahan kalus yang cukup tinggi dan warna kalus putih jernih

EFEKTIFITAS KOMPOS LIMBAH MEDIA TANAM JAMUR TIRAM SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK PADA BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH DI TANAH ULTISOL

Land resources is one of the critical success factors of farming systems. One of the potential land is Ultisol with an area of 47.5 million hectares, but has low soil fertility. So it needs to be studied regarding the use of compost of oyster mushroom growing media waste inUltisol in onion cultivation. The research is based on a randomized block design with eight replications. Factors studied were oyster mushroom growing media waste consists of three levels ie without waste (L0), given the fresh waste as much as 20 t ha-1 (L1) and given compost waste as much as 20 t ha-1 (L2).The results showed that giving zeolite as much as 1 t ha-1 in Ultisol did not significantly affect onion crop, whereas giving of waste oyster mushroom growing medium as much as 20 t ha-1 significantly affected the onion crop, although there is no difference between waste freshor composted. There is no interaction between the zeolite and the giving waste oyster mushroom growing media on growth and yield of onion.Keywords: compost, waste, oyster mushrooms, onio

TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA UBIKAYU MENGGUNAKAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan teknologi pemupukan menggunakan pupuk hayati mikoriza pada budidaya ubi kayu, memberikan pengertian pada petani dampak negatif penggunaan pupuk kimiawi, meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi budidaya ubi kayu. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan bermanfaat untuk mengurangi ketergantungan petani pada pupuk kimiawi yang harganya relatif mahal, mengurangi biaya pengadaan pupuk dengan cara aplikasi inokulum yang cukup dilakukan satu kali untuk beberapa musim tanam. Kegiatan dilakukan melalui pelatihan dan demo plot. Hasil dari kegiatan mendapatkan respon yang positif dari para petani. Akan tetapi untuk pemberian pengertian pada petani tentang dampak negatif penggunaan pupuk kimiawi membutuhkan waktu dan bukti yang nyata. Hasil dari kegiatan yang lain adalah bahwa penggunaan pupuk hayati mikoriza dapat memberikan respon postif pada tanaman ubi kayu baik pada pertumbuhan maupun hasil, serta memberikan dampak positif pada reklamasi lahan pertanaman ubi kayu secara berkelanjutan. Sedangkan peningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi budidaya ubi kayu menggunakan pupuk hayati mikoriza terbukti dengan nilai produksi yang kurang lebih hampir sama dengan produksi menggunakan pupuk kimiawi, terutama bila dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diatas disarankan untuk melakukan kegiatan lanjutan berupa pembinaan pada petani dalam hal produksi inokulum pupuk hayati mikoriza, serta budidaya ubi kayu ke arah pertanian organik dengan memanfaatkan potensi pupuk hayati mikoriza itu sendiri. Selain itu dapat diupayakan memproduksi inokulum mikoriza untuk skala komersial, sekaligus menyebarluaskan pada petani ubi kayu di wilayah lain

KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH MEDIA TANAM JAMUR TIRAM SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK ALTERNATIF PADA BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan limbah media tanam jamur tiram sebagai pupuk organik alternatif pada budidaya bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Dukuhwaluh Kecamatan Kembaran Kabupaten Banyumas pada bulan Februari sampai dengan September 2006. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Perlakuan yang dicoba yaitu tanpa diberi pupuk organik (S0D0), diberi 5 ton/ha limbah media tanam jamur tiram (S1D1), diberi 10 ton/ha limbah media tanam jamur tiram (S1D2), diberi 15 ton/ha limbah media tanam jamur tiram (S1D3), diberi 5 ton/ha pupuk kandang (S2D1), diberi 10 ton/ha pupuk kandang (S2D2) dan diberi 15 ton/ha pupuk kandang (S2D3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah media tanam jamur tiram pada budidaya bawang merah dapat memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan penggunaan pupuk kandang. Dosis limbah media tanam jamur tiram dan pupuk kandang yang terbaik pada budidaya bawang merah adalah sebesar 15 ton/ha. Terdapat interaksi antara jenis dan dosis pupuk organik yang diberikan pada budidaya bawang merah. Interaksi yang terbaik adalah penggunaan pupuk kandang sebanyak 15 ton/ha