Sociological analysis of the problem of unemployment among Ukrainian youth

У статті здійснено соціологічний аналіз проблеми безробіття серед сучасної української молоді. Незважаючи на невисокий рівень безробіття в Україні порівняно із загальноєвропейським рівнем, молодь являє особливу категорію, в якій проблема зайнятості має яскраво виражений характер і вимагає перманентного державного моніторингу та розробки політики молодіжної зайнятості як частини загальної політики зайнятості в країні.За допомогою різних соціологічних досліджень детально розглянута структура безробіття серед української молоді. За даними 2015 року лише 9% молоді безробітні. Великою проблемою визнається низька можливість працевлаштування за обраною спеціальністю.Оцінено вплив на структуру молодіжного безробіття таких факторів як вікові групи та розподіл за видами діяльності. Встановлено, що найбільш уразлива до безробіття є вікова група 15-24 роки. Велика увага приділена відповідності рівня освіти молоді та вимог роботодавців до своїх працівників. Виявлено, що є необхідним корекція роботи всієї системи освіти.Запропоновано в якості важливого кроку для регулювання проблеми безробіття серед молоді поліпшення роботи Державної служби зайнятості, якій варто звернутися до міжнародного досвіду та здійснити реформування механізму державної підтримки підприємницької діяльності шляхом надання пільг, дотацій або державної допомоги для розвитку бізнесу тощо. Саме молодь є найбільш психологічно гнучкою до сприйняття нових сучасних технологій підприємницької діяльності.В статье проведен социологический анализ проблемы безработицы среди современной украинской молодежи. Несмотря на относительно низкий уровень безработицы в Украине по сравнению с общеевропейским уровнем, молодежь относится к особой категории, в которой проблема занятости имеет ярко выраженный характер и требует перманентного государственного мониторинга и разработки политики молодежной занятости как части общей политики занятости в стране.В свете различных социологических исследований подробно рассмотрена структура безработицы среди украинской молодежи. По данным 2015 года только 9% молодежи являются безработные. Большой проблемой признается  малая вероятность трудоустройства по избранной специальности.Оценено влияние на структуру молодежной безработицы таких факторов как возрастные группы и распределение по видам деятельности. Установлено, что наиболее предрасположена к безработице возрастная группа 15-24 года. Большое внимание уделено соответствию уровня образования молодежи и требований работодателей к своим работникам. Определена необходимость коррекции работы всей системы образования.Предложено в качестве важного шага для регулирования проблемы безработицы среди молодежи – улучшение работы Государственной службы занятости, которой следует обратиться к международному опыту и осуществить реформирование механизма государственной поддержки предпринимательской деятельности путем предоставления льгот, дотаций или государственной помощи для развития бизнеса и тому подобное. Именно молодежь является наиболее психологически гибкой к восприятию новых современных технологий предпринимательской деятельности.This article provides a sociological analysis of the problem of unemployment among modern Ukrainian youth. Despite the low unemployment rate in Ukraine compared with European levels, youth is a special category in which the problem of employment has a distinct character and needs permanent state monitoring and policy youth employment as part of total employment policies in the country. Continuously declining proportion of young people to the total population. In Ukraine, for the last ten years the number dropped from her 22 to 20%. According to all forecasts, this trend will continue. With various sociological studies reviewed in detail the structure of unemployment among Ukrainian youth. According to 2015 only 9% of young people are unemployed. The big problem is recognized low employment opportunities in the chosen specialty. A major problem completely for all graduates, regardless of their theoretical training, enterprises consider isolation of knowledge from practice unprepared to work in real business and a lack of understanding of how the business works. Thus it is necessary to orient the student during the training in higher education with the requirements of the employer. The analysis of the youth labor market in Ukraine showed that the highest levels of unemployment  youthful equip individuals 24 years of age, it gives reason to include young people in this age groupe highest risk for difficulties first search of employment are not only with general economic and political crises, but also to the volatility of attitudes of young people, too ambitious position of young workers from the essence of practical skills and experience and, consequently, low professional status.The effect on the structure of youth unemployment factors such as age groups and distribution activities. Found that the most vulnerable to unemployment is the age group 15-24 years. Much attention is given to matching the level of education of young people and requirements of employers to their employees. Revealed that the necessary correction of the entire education system. Thus, the main conclusion is significant opportunity to improve the efficiency of the State Employment Center as one of the basic tools of the modern state youth policy. Proposed as an important step to regulate the problem of youth unemployment improvement of the State Employment Service, which should appeal to the international experience and to reform the mechanism of state support for entrepreneurship by providing incentives, subsidies or state aid to business expansion and others. That young people are the most responsive to the psychological perception of new technologies entrepreneurship

Synthesis of positively and negatively charged silver nanoparticles and their deposition on the surface of titanium

Bacterial infections related to dental implants are currently a significant complication. A good way to overcome this challenge is functionalization of implant surface with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterial agent. This article aims at review the synthesis routes, size and electrical properties of AgNPs. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were used as stabilizers. Dynamic Light Scattering, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) have been used to characterize the prepared AgNPs. Two types of NPs were synthesized in aqueous solutions: PVP-stabilized NPs with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 ± 20 nm, and negative charge of -20 mV, PEI-stabilized NPs with the size of the metallic core of 50 ± 20 nm and positive charge of +55 mV. According to SEM results, all the NPs have a spherical shape. Functionalization of the titanium substrate surface with PVP and PEI-stabilized AgNPs was carried out by dropping method. XRD patterns revealed that the AgNPs are crystalline with the crystallite size of 14 nm

Changes in enzymatic activity of the arable soil layer under different systems of primary tillage and fertilization of typical chernozem in the short crop rotation of the right-bank forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

The highest activity of invertase, urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in the arable layer of typical chernozem was observed when applying a moldboard -subsurface tillage in the crop rotation, the lowest-under a shallow disk tillage. The highest protease activity was in the moldboard tillage, peroxidase-in the beardless tillage, and catalase-in the disk tillage, while the lowest correspondent indices were recorded in the permanent shallow (10-12 cm), moldboard and differentiated tillage in the crop rotation. Phosphatase activity of the arable layer did not differ significantly between the beardless and disk tillage. Indices of the peroxidase activity were almost at the same level for the chisel and differentiated tillage. Localization of plant remains and organic fertilizers in the upper soil layer in the beardless and disk tillage leads to the increasing activity of enzymes. The highest coefficient of humus accumulation was recorded in the moldboard-beardless, the lowest-in the disk tillage. Fertilizers raise the soil enzymatic activity. A differentiated system of primary tillage in the crop rotation is recommended, which includes plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm for the sunflower, beardless tillage for the maize and soybeans (25-27 and 16-18 cm, respectively) and shallow (10-12 cm) tillage by a disk harrow for the rest of crops in the rotation. It is proposed to use 12 tons of manure+N95P82K72 per one hectare of the arable lan

Formation and Characterization of Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Coating with the (002) Texture

This study reports the effect of titanium (Ti) microstructure on the mechanical properties and surface wettability of thin (<800 nm) hydroxyapatite (HA) coating deposited via radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. It was revealed that the sand-blasting (SB) and acid etching (AE) of Ti prior deposition led to a wide range of surface roughness in nano/micro scale. After nanostructured HA coating deposition such physico-mechanical characteristics as nanohardness H, Young's modulus E, H/E ratio and H[3]/E[2] were significantly improved. Moreover, HA coatings exhibited improved wear resistance, lower friction coefficient and ability of the coating to wetting

Surface functionalization of titanium with silver nanoparticles

This study aims to investigate the most efficient ways for metallic samples functionalization with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Three different techniques of surface functionalization have been used for the coating of titanium metal, i.e. the sessile drop method (evaporation), dip-coating and electrophoretic deposition (EPD). AgNPs stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone had a spherical shape and the metallic core diameter, charge and polydispersity index were 70±20 nm, -15 mV and 0.192, respectively. SEM analysis revealed that AgNPs were homogeneously distributed over the entire surface and did not form the particle agglomerates only in case of EPD. Thus, EPD method and spherical AgNPs can be used for further investigation concerning the preparation of biocomposites with antibacterial and bioactive properties

Influence of Calcium-Phosphate Coating on Wettability of Hybrid Piezoelectric Scaffolds

Herein, electrospun biodegradable scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and polyaniline (PANi) polymers were fabricated. A calcium-phosphate (CaP) coating was deposited on the surface of the scaffolds via an improved soaking process. Influence of the deposition cycles and ethanol concentration in the solution on the relative increase of the scaffolds weight and water contact angle (WCA) are determined. The characterization of the molecular and crystal structure confirmed the formation of CaP phase. Importantly, WCA results showed that the pristine scaffolds have the hydrophobic surface, while the deposition of CaP coating onto scaffolds allows to significantly improve the surface wetting behavior, and infiltration of the water droplets into the CaP-coated scaffolds was observed. Thus, the fabricated hybrid biodegradable piezoelectric scaffolds can be utilized for regenerative medicine

Surface functionalization of titanium with silver nanoparticles

This study aims to investigate the most efficient ways for metallic samples functionalization with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Three different techniques of surface functionalization have been used for the coating of titanium metal, i.e. the sessile drop method (evaporation), dip-coating and electrophoretic deposition (EPD). AgNPs stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone had a spherical shape and the metallic core diameter, charge and polydispersity index were 70±20 nm, -15 mV and 0.192, respectively. SEM analysis revealed that AgNPs were homogeneously distributed over the entire surface and did not form the particle agglomerates only in case of EPD. Thus, EPD method and spherical AgNPs can be used for further investigation concerning the preparation of biocomposites with antibacterial and bioactive properties