The Lambeosaurine Dinosaur Magnapaulia laticaudus from the Late Cretaceous of Baja California, Northwestern Mexico

The taxonomy, osteology, phylogenetic position, and historical biogeography of the lambeosaurine hadrosaurid Magnapaulia laticaudus (new combination) are revised. The diagnosis of this species is amended on the basis on two autapomorphies (i.e., longest haemal arches of proximal caudal vertebrae being at least four times longer than the height of their respective centra; base of prezygapophyses in caudal vertebrae merging to form a bowl-shaped surface) and a unique combination of characters (i.e., downturned cranioventral process of the maxilla; tear-shaped external naris with length/width ratio between 1.85 and 2.85; neural spines of dorsal, sacral, and proximal caudal vertebrae being at least four times the height of their respective centra). A maximum parsimony analysis supports a sister taxon relationship between M. laticaudus and Velafrons coahuilensis. Both taxa constitute a clade of southern North American lambeosaurines, which forms a sister relationship with the diverse clade of helmet-crested lambeosaurines from northern North America that includes well-known genera like Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus, and Hypacrosaurus. According to the results of a Dispersal-Vicariance analysis, southern North American lambeosaurines split from the northern forms via vicariance from a common ancestor that lived in both the northern and southern regions of the continent

Plateosaurus.

58 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.The nearly complete, disarticulated skull of AMNH FARB 6810, a specimen of the basal sauropodomorph Plateosaurus collected in 1925 from the Norian (late Triassic) strata of the Knollenmergel beds of Trossingen (Germany), is redescribed. This study supports referral of AMNH FARB 6810 to P. erlenbergiensis on the basis of the following characters: occipital condyle above level of parasphenoid; basisphenoid with transverse, subvertical lamina extending between basipterygoid processes, with ventrally projecting median process; and peglike process projecting medially from the middle of the palatine. Furthermore, P. longiceps is regarded a junior synonym of P. erlenbergiensis because the type specimen of the latter is diagnostic (displaying the above-noted apomorphies of the braincase and palatine) and, chronologically, P. erlenbergiensis has priority over P. longiceps

Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis.

49 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. "August 23, 2010." "The first fossil remains of Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis were collected in 1923 by George Olsen during the Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History ... from two quarries ... in the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation, Inner Mongolia, northern China"--P. 2.The osteology of the hadrosauroid dinosaur Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis is redescribed in detail based on the disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements of at least four individuals. These together constitute the lectotype and hypodigm of this species. The diagnosis is emended to include two autapomorphies (paddle-shaped postacetabular process that is less than 70% of the length of the iliac central plate and manual phalanx III-1 with greatly asymmetrical distal surface) and the unique combination of two iliac characters (presence of ischial tuberosity and supraacetabular process with apex located posterodorsal to ischial peduncle). The distinction of G. mongoliensis from B. johnsoni is confirmed on the basis of characters of the maxilla, dentition, ilium, ischium, and pubis. Maximum parsimony analysis places G. mongoliensis as a closely related outgroup to the Hadrosauridae, the sister taxon to the clade composed of all hadrosauroids closer to Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus than to Bactrosaurus johnsoni

The dentary of hadrosauroid dinosaurs: evolution through heterochrony

The near-global distribution of hadrosaurid dinosaurs during the Cretaceous has been attributed to mastication, a behaviour commonly recognized as a mammalian adaptation. Its occurrence in a non-mammalian lineage should be accompanied by the evolution of several morphological modifications associated with food acquisition and processing. This study investigated morphological variation in the dentary, a major element of the hadrosauroid lower jaw. Eighty-four hadrosauroid dentaries were subjected to geometric morphometric and statistical analyses to investigate their taxonomic, ontogenetic, and individual variation. Results suggest increased food acquisition and processing efficiency in saurolophids through a complex pattern of evolutionary and growth-related changes. The edentulous region grew longer relative to dentary length, allowing for food acquisition specialization anteriorly and processing posteriorly, and became ventrally directed, possibly associated with foraging low-growing vegetation, especially in younger individuals. The saurolophid coronoid process became anteriorly directed and relatively more elongate, with an expanded apex, increasing moment arm length, with muscles pulling the jaw more posteriorly, increasing mechanical advantage. During growth, all hadrosauroids underwent anteroposterior dental battery elongation by the addition of teeth, and edentulous region ventralization decreased. The dental battery became deeper in saurolophids by increasing the number of teeth per tooth family. The increased coronoid process anterior inclination and relative edentulous region elongation in saurolophids are hypothesized to have evolved through hypermorphosis and/or acceleration, peramorphic heterochronic processes; the development of an anteroposteriorly shorter but dorsoventrally taller saurolophid dentary, is probably due to post-displacement in dental battery elongation and edentulous region decreased ventral orientation, a paedomorphic heterochronic process

HLA association with the susceptibility to anti-synthetase syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD). Methods: We conducted the largest immunogenetic HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B study to date in a homogeneous cohort of 168 Caucasian patients with ASSD and 486 ethnically matched healthy controls by sequencing-based-typing. Results: A statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-B*08:01 alleles in patients with ASSD compared to healthy controls was disclosed (26.2% versus 12.2%, P = 1.56E–09, odds ratio–OR [95% confidence interval–CI] = 2.54 [1.84–3.50] and 21.4% versus 5.5%, P = 18.95E–18, OR [95% CI] = 4.73 [3.18–7.05]; respectively). Additionally, HLA-DRB1*07:01 allele was significantly decreased in patients with ASSD compared to controls (9.2% versus 17.5%, P = 0.0003, OR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.31–0.72]). Moreover, a statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele in anti-Jo-1 positive compared to anti-Jo-1 negative patients with ASSD was observed (31.8% versus 15.5%, P = 0.001, OR [95% CI] = 2.54 [1.39–4.81]). Similar findings were observed when HLA carrier frequencies were assessed. The HLA-DRB1*03:01 association with anti-Jo-1 was unrelated to smoking history. No HLA differences in patients with ASSD stratified according to the presence/absence of the most representative non-anti-Jo-1 anti-synthetase autoantibodies (anti-PL-12 and anti-PL-7), arthritis, myositis or interstitial lung disease were observed. Conclusions: Our results support the association of the HLA complex with the susceptibility to ASSD.This study was partially supported by grants from the Foundation for Research in Rheumatology (FOREUM); SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program [grant number RD16/0012/0009] from the `Instituto de Salud Carlos III´ (ISCIII), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); BA-M is a recipient of a ‘López Albo’ Post-Residency Programme funded by Servicio Cántabro de Salud; VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL [grant number PREVAL 18/01]; LL-G is supported by funds of ISCIII, co-funded by ERDF [grant number PI18/00042]; OG is beneficiary of a grant funded by Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional and Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria (GAIN), GPC IN607B2019/10; EAR is partially supported by Versus Arthritis [grant number 20719] and by Scleroderma and Raynaud's UK [grant number BR11]; RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, ‘Investing in your future’) [grant number CP16/00033]

Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study

Background In spite of the global implementation of standardized surgical safety checklists and evidence-based practices, general surgery remains associated with a high residual risk of preventable perioperative complications and adverse events. This study was designed to validate the hypothesis that a new “Trigger Tool” represents a sensitive predictor of adverse events in general surgery. Methods An observational multicenter validation study was performed among 31 hospitals in Spain. The previously described “Trigger Tool” based on 40 specific triggers was applied to validate the predictive power of predicting adverse events in the perioperative care of surgical patients. A prediction model was used by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of adverse events among a total of 1,132 surgical cases included in this study was 31.53%. The “Trigger Tool” had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.27% and 79.55% respectively for predicting these adverse events. A total of 12 selected triggers of overall 40 triggers were identified for optimizing the predictive power of the “Trigger Tool”. Conclusions The “Trigger Tool” has a high predictive capacity for predicting adverse events in surgical procedures. We recommend a revision of the original 40 triggers to 12 selected triggers to optimize the predictive power of this tool, which will have to be validated in future studies

Claosaurus agilis Marsh 1872

Claosaurus agilis Marsh, 1872 Fig. 2 Holotype. YPM 1190, a partial skeleton consisting of a fragment of coronoid process from the left dentary, maxillary fragments with several teeth exposed, partial left postorbital, cervical through caudal vertebral series missing the neural spines, right scapula, partial left and right sternals, left and right humeri, proximal and distal segments of both ulnae and radii, nearly complete right ilium, distal-most end of the right ischium, nearly complete left and right femora, partial tibiae missing their shafts, and partial left and right pedes. Type locality and horizon. The holotype and only known exemplar of Claosaurus agilis was collected from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk Formation (near Smoky Hill River, Logan County, Kansas, USA) (Carpenter et al. 1995); these beds are Late Coniacian in age according to Everhart and Ewell (2006). Amended diagnosis. Hadrosauroid dinosaur characterized by the unique combination of the following humeral and iliac characters: deltopectoral crest length less than 48% of humerus length and with wide arcuate laterodistal corner; anteroposterior width of supraacetabular crest being approximately 75 per cent of length of central plate of ilium; and ventral apex of supraacetabular crest positioned anterior to the posteroventral corner of ischial peduncle of ilium.. Remarks. Carpenter et al. (1995) tentatively diagnosed Claosaurus agilis on the basis of the relatively short length of the preacetabular process in YPM 1190. As preserved in this specimen, the process is certainly proximodistally shorter (in relation to the anteroposterior length of the iliac central plate) than in any other known iguanodontian ornithopod (Prieto-Márquez unpublished data). However, the distal-most tip of the preacetabular process in YPM 1190 is reconstructed, as evidenced by the presence of plaster (Fig. 2b). This indicates that the preacetabular process is most probably incomplete and, thus, C. agilis cannot be diagnosed based on the possession of a relatively short process. As shown in Table 1, C. agilis is the only non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid species that combines such a relatively wide supraacetabular crest with its ventral apex being located anterior to the posteroventral corner of the ischial peduncle of the ilium. All other non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid taxa that have a supraacetabular crest that is 70 per cent or more of the length of the iliac central plate show a ventral apex of this crest positioned posterior to the ischial peduncle (Fig. 3). The validity of the diagnosis proposed here depends on interpretation of the actual position of the ventral apex of the supraacetabular crest in YPM 1190. In this exemplar, the lateroventral margin of the crest is not completely preserved. However, the preserved lateroventral border indicates that the apex must have been located at least slightly anterior to the level of the ischial peduncle. Other possible interpretations of the position of the apex would place it even more anteriorly. The most conservative estimate is considered here (Fig. 2a). An anteriorly-positioned apex of the supraacetabular crest is convergent with Saurolophidae (Prieto-Márquez 2010) (Fig. 3). The proposed iliac characters for diagnosing Claosaurus agilis (and Hadrosaurus foulkii; see below) do not display intraspecific variation such as that due to ontogeny. In those hadrosauroid taxa in which different ontogenetic stages are known preserving appendicular elements (e.g., Bactrosaurus johnsoni, Brachylophosaurus canadensis, Maiasaura peeblesorum, Saurolophus angustirostris, Edmontosaurus spp., Corythosaurus spp., Lambeosaurus spp., or Hypacrosaurus stebingeri) the anteroposterior breadth of the supraacetabular crest and the position of its ventral apex relative to the posterior tuberosity of the ischial peduncle are maintained throughout ontogeny (Prieto-Márquez in press and unpublished data). More specifically, this is exemplified when comparing the B. canadensis juvenile specimen MOR 1071-7-15 -98-215 with the adults of the same species MOR 794 or MOR MOR 8-2-98-469; the juvenile ZPAL MgD-I 159 with the adult MPC-D 100/706, both referable to S. angustirostris; the adult H. stebingeri MOR 549 with the neonate ilia from MOR 548; or the juvenile Lambeosaurus sp. specimen AMNH 5340 with the adult L. lambei ROM 1218. Among basal hadrosauroids, the fact that those characters are maintained throughout ontogeny is documented in B. johnsoni; for example, in the juvenile AMNH 6577 and the adult or larger subadult IRSNB 95E5/25.Published as part of Prieto-Márquez, Albert, 2011, Revised diagnoses of Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858 (the type genus and species of Hadrosauridae Cope, 1869) and Claosaurus agilis Marsh, 1872 (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 2765 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2765.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/529095

Skeletal morphology of <i>Kritosaurus navajovius</i> (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini

<div><p>The osteology of the hadrosaurid dinosaur <i>Kritosaurus navajovius</i> (late Campanian of southern North America) is documented in detail, and the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the genus are revised. <i>Kritosaurus</i> is rediagnosed based on the extensive length of the dorsolateral margin of the maxilla and a unique combination of characters that includes a jugal with orbital constriction deeper than infratemporal one, infratemporal fenestra greater than orbit and with dorsal margin greatly elevated above dorsal orbital margin in adults, frontal participating in orbital margin, and paired caudal parasagittal processes of nasals resting over frontals. The taxonomy of numerous hadrosaurid specimens previously referred to <i>Kritosaurus</i> is reassessed; the vast majority of these cannot be positively referred to <i>Kritosaurus</i>. One exception is a specimen collected from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation that extends the geographical range of <i>K. navajovius</i> further south in Laramidia, to present-day northern Mexico. <i>Anasazisaurus</i> is regarded a junior synonym of <i>Kritosaurus</i>; their holotypes are indistinguishable from each other when considering the overlapping elements. However, many characters support distinction of <i>Naashoibitosaurus ostromi</i> as a valid taxon. <i>Kritosaurus</i>, consisting of the sister species <i>K. navajovius</i> and <i>K. horneri</i>, is deeply nested within Saurolophinae as a member of Kritosaurini. The latter clade includes also <i>Naashoibitosaurus</i>, <i>Gryposaurus</i>, and the South American <i>Secernosaurus</i>. Kritosaurini is characterized by a rostral nasal dorsal process not reaching the rostral margin of the narial foramen, frontal with triangular rostrolateral projection ending in a narrow apex (convergent in Brachylophosaurini), and a subrectangular dorsal region of infratemporal fenestra, among other characters. Kritosaurin hadrosaurids are hypothesized to have originated in southern Laramidia no later than the early Campanian. Subsequently, members of the clade reached northern Laramidia and South America via dispersal no later than the early and late Campanian, respectively.</p></div