Cleaning of aquatic ecosystems from oil new effective sorbent

Is devoted to the production of particles of amorphous silica, the study of the nature of the interaction of the silica nanoparticles with surfactants to the water surface and the assessment of their absorption capacity in relation to petroleum productsРабота посвящена получению частиц аморфного кремнезема, исследованию природы взаимодействия наночастиц кремнезема с поверхностно-активными веществами на водных поверхностях и оценка их адсорбционной способности по отношению к нефтепродукта

Diagnostics of Central and Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy

This chapter is devoted to monitoring of central and autonomic nervous system (ANS) in patients with verified sepsis to recognize the specific functional and anatomic changes in the brain and its important autonomic centers which is named sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Fluctuation of conscience level from agitation to delirium and coma, muscle tone, and severity of pain syndrome is evaluated with different scales (SOFA, SAPS II, RASS, CAM-ICU, FOUR, PBSS, BPS, MRC, MAS, CNS). Multimodal neuromonitoring includes EEG, EPs, ENMG, cerebral oxymetry, saturation in the bulb of the jugular vein, TCD, and neuroimaging (MRI, PET). Dysfunction of autonomic brainstem structures is detected with variational cardiointervalometry, pupillometry, thermometry (peripheral and central), photoplethysmography assessment of perfusion index, quantitative assessment of muscle strength on the MRC scale and MAS, and diagnostics of the severity of the PSH syndrome. Monitoring data help clinicians to make decisions on SAE patient management tactics

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients received complex treatment for cranial and craniospinal tumors in childhood

Aim. To study the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), indicators of endothelial function and exercise tolerance in patients received complex treatment for cranial and craniospinal tumors in childhood, including radiation therapy.Material and methods. We compared examination data of 48 patients who underwent treatment for brain tumors using cranial and craniospinal irradiation in childhood (mean age, 21,7±4,3 years, mean period after the end of treatment, 6,9±5,4 years), and 20 healthy volunteers. Examination methods included assessment of lipid profile, vascular stiffness and endothelial function using the Photoplethysmography and occlusion test, cardiopulmonary test, and in patients who underwent craniospinal irradiation, also echocardiography and duplex ultrasound of extracranial arteries.Results. Compared to healthy individuals, patients after a brain tumor were found to have lower blood pressure, higher heart rate (HR), significantly lower exercise performance (peak oxygen consumption, 19,8±6,4 ml×min-1×kg vs 30,3±5,8 ml×min-1×kg, p<0,0001) and a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (56% vs 5%, p<0,0001), as well as an increase in the augmentation index, indicating higher stiffness of large vessels (-7,3±16,3 vs -20,3±7,9, p=0,001), and a trend towards a decrease in the occlusion index (p=0,051). Echocardiography and duplex ultrasound revealed no radiation-associated abnormalities.Conclusion. Determining the mechanisms and prognostic significance of the identified risk factors for CVD (dyslipidemia, decreased exercise tolerance, increased heart rate and vascular stiffness) in this category of patients requires further research. Regular monitoring of risk factors, primarily the lipid profile, and the use of preventive measures for individuals with an increased risk of CVD should be recommended

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЛОМЕРУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕМАТУРИИ У ДЕТЕЙ

Hematuria is a significant manifestation, which can reflect both renal disorders and other urinary tract diseases and also be a symptom of systemic illnesses. High prevalence, diversity of etiological and trigger factors, latent course of hematuria and phenotypic resemblance of a number of underlying nephropathies symptoms cause increased interest and urgency of further investigations of such diseases features. The examination of 56 children showed that the most common cause of glomerular hematuria was hereditary kidney diseases, associated with collagen IV type mutations — 64% (Alport syndrome — 56%, thin basement membrane disease — 44%) and IgA-nephropathy — 36%. Comparative analysis of these conditions is presented in this study.Гематурия — важный признак, отражающий патологическое состояние почек и других органов мочевой системы, служит также проявлением системных заболеваний. Частая встречаемость, многообразие причин, способствующих возникновению гематурии, латентное течение и фенотипическое сходство проявлений ряда нефропатий, вследствие которых она возникает, обусловливают повышенный интерес к дальнейшему изучению особенностей заболевания. В результате обследования 56 детей показано, что наиболее частой причиной гломерулярной гематурии выступают наследственные заболевания почек, связанные с мутацией коллагена IV типа, составляя 64% случаев (из них с синдромом Альпорта — 56%, болезнью тонких базальных мембран — 44%), а также IgA-нефропатия — 36%

Интракраниальные менингиомы: клинико-интраскопические и патоморфологические причины рецидивирования с учетом современных методов лечения (обзор литературы)

Introduction. Meningiomas are the second most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults. most meningiomas are benign tumors. Anaplastic and atypical meningiomas account for 25% and have a high recurrence rate even after radical tumor resection and radiotherapy. The prognosis of patients with anaplastic meningiomas remains disappointing; most of them die within the first 2 to 5 years after surgery. Purpose: to discuss the challenges in diagnosis and treatment of recurrent meningiomas, to identify the causes of tumor progression, and to assess the clinical features and radiographic findings as well as specific pathomorphological and molecular genetic characteristics. material and methods. We searched for publications in the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cohrane Library and eLibrary databases published between January 2000 and January 2019 on the issue of recurrent intracranial meningiomas, in particular atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. Results. The review systematizes data on the prognostic factors for survival, relapse-free period, and disease progression. particular attention was paid to the radical resection of the tumor and the assessment of the grade of anaplasia. The current data on radiotherapy and drug therapy were presented.  the controversial issues of approaches to the assessment of morphological prognostic criteria were discussed. The current knowledge on the most common genetic mutations in meningiomas, the prospects for their study and use for targeted therapy were presented. Conclusion. The management of meningioma still presents some unresolved issues.  There are no optimal standards for diagnosis and treatment of patients with meningiomas that would take into account biological characteristics, including growth characteristics and molecular genetic profile. There are no clear prognostic criteria for recurrence and continuity in further management after surgical treatment, which affects the mortality rate and quality of life in this category of patients. New fundamental data that will determine a different strategy in the treatment of intracranial meningiomas are needed.Введение. Менингиомы – часто встречающиеся опухоли центральной нервной системы, у взрослых занимают 2-е место, уступая лишь глиомам. Большинство менингиом имеют доброкачественный характер течения. Анапластические и атипические менингиомы, которые составляют 25 %, имеют рецидивирующий тип течения заболевания даже после радикального удаления опухоли и проведения радиотерапии. Прогноз у больных с анапластическими менингиомами остается неутешительным, и большинство из них погибает в первые 2–5 лет после операции. Цель исследования – по литературным данным оценить состояние проблемы диагностики и лечения менингиом, имеющих рецидивирующие течение, выявить причины опухолевой прогрессии, особенности клинической картины, лучевой диагностики, специфики патоморфологических и молекулярно-генетических характеристик. Материал и методы. Осуществлен поиск печатных работ в базах данных Pubmed, EMBASE, Cohrane Library и eLibrary, опубликованных в период с января 2000 г. по январь 2019 г. по вопросу рецидивирования внутричерепных менингиом, в частности атипических и анапластических. Результаты. Систематизированы данные по прогностическим критериям диагностики менингиом, влияющим на выживаемость, безрецидивный период, прогрессирование процесса. Уделено внимание радикальности операции и оценке степени анаплазии. Представлены современные сведения о лучевой терапии и медикаментозном лечении, обсуждены результаты исследований по их эффективности. Затронуты спорные вопросы подходов в оценке морфологических прогностических критериев. Приведены последние сведения о наиболее часто встречающихся генетических мутациях в менингиомах, перспективах их изучения и использования для таргетнтной терапии. Заключение. Проблема ведения больных с менингиомами еще далека до своего окончательного решения, отсутствуют оптимальные стандарты диагностики и лечения пациентов с менингиомами, учитывающие биологические особенности, в том числе особенности роста, молекулярно-генетический профиль. Нет четких прогностических критериев рецидива и преемственности в дальнейшей курации после хирургического лечения, что влияет на уровень смертности и качество жизни данной категории пациентов

VALUE OF ANATOMICAL INTRACRANIAL RESERVE IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INJURIES AND DISEASES OF THE BRAIN

The authors proposed to evaluate the quantity of anatomical intracranial reserve according to morphometric measurements in axial projection by means of helical computer tomography data of bitemporal distance, width of the tentorial opening, diameter of the foramen magnum and mutual correlation of these parameters in points. This method showed a high accuracy (92%) and predictive value (85%) in determination of terms and volume of complex treatment of 140 victims with craniocerebral injury, 120 patients with primary tumors of the brain and 110 patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation

PRINCIPLES OF EARLY REHABILITATION OF THE NEUROTRAUMA

The retrospective analysis of surgical and rehabilitation treatment of 172 patients with neurotrauma was made. The patients were treated in Russian Polenov Neurosurgical Institute and Municipal hospital of St. Elizabeth in the period since 2009 till 2012. Rehabilitation of different types of neurotrauma presented the system of surgical and recovery methods of treatment, which should be used in a short term after damage. Means of internal cerebral decompression, including drainage of ecephalocoel and cerebral basal cistern and the tentoriotomy, should be used in acute period of craniocerebral trauma according to morphometric data of beam inspection. Management of wound by means of laser or LED radiation, SHWF-therapy, magnetic and electrostimulation were the effective methods of neurorehabilitation. It is noted, that 73 (43,4%) patients returned to a former employment rate among 172 victims, though 26 patients had a moderate invalidization. An average figures of Glasgow scale outcomes were 1,9±0,2

ТАКТИКА ЗАПРОГРАММИРОВАННОГО МНОГОЭТАПНОГО ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ НЕЙРОТРАВМЫ

A retrospective analysis of diagnostics and surgical treatment was made in 440 patients with polytrauma, who were on the treatment in hospitals in Saint-Petersburg, Syktyvkar and Omsk during 2009–2012. The neurotrauma was the dominating damage. The patients were divided into two groups: the main and the control group, using the equal quantitative ratio according to the sex, age, circumstances of trauma and type of damages. The strategy of programmed multistage surgical treatment («damage control surgery») was used in the main group (220 patients, average age 31,7±5,2 years). The traditional strategy of treatment was applied in the control group (220 patients, average age 30,7±5,4 years). The damage control surgery allows the reduction of lethality in neurotrauma by 15,0% and improvement of social adaptation of patients by 12,7%