CenoDerm vs. fascia lata for the prevention of dorsal nasal irregularities in rhinoplasty

Introduction: Dorsal nasal irregularity is a complication of rhinoplasty surgery, mostly seen in patients with thin skin. Acellular dermis (CenoDerm) and homologous fascia lata covering the nasal bone cartilage structure have been used to achieve a smooth surface. In this study, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes using these two materials. Materials and Methods: After a standard rhinoplasty procedure, a layer of the acellular dermis or homologous fascia lata was placed in the pocket of the dorsum. Patients were evaluated for clinical outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. Results Forty-two of 68 patients completed the follow-up period. Patient satisfaction was higher in the homologous fascia lata group. Similarly, nasal dorsum inspection and palpation results were better in the homologous fascia lata group compared with the CenoDerm group but was significant in palpation (P=0.00). There was no complete absorption in the homologous fascia lata group 6 months after surgery (P= 0.04 vs. CenoDerm) but no significant difference was observed at 12 months. Conclusion: Homologous fascia lata is better than acellular dermis in preventing dorsal nasal irregularity after rhinoplasty in thin-skinned patients

Histological study of Acipenser persicus alimentary canal during early life stages

Histological study of alimentary canal of Persian sturgeon was conducted during early life from hatching to 56 days old by light microscope. Some hours after hatching, in anterior part, rudimentary eye and brain were visible, also in posterior part was completely filled with acidophil yolk. Mouth and anal were not clear. In 5-7 days after hatching all parts of the alimentary canal except stomach were roughly anatomically complete, as though in comparison with the hatching time the amount of acidophil yolk was less. At this stage, mouth was covered by stratified squamous epithelium in which several number of tast buds were visible and also rudimentary part of esophagus was squamous to pseudostratified columnar epithelium and in terminal part was columnar to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. In 8-9 days after hatching, the alimentary canal was structurally complete and two parts of stomach i.e. glandular stomach (cardia) and non-glandular stomach (pyloric) were more clear. The glandular stomach epithelium was simple columnar to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, while pyloric stomach had simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar epithelium. In 9 days after hatching, external food with a lot of yolk were visible in alimentary canal, which indicates endo-exogenous feeding. In I I-12 days after hatching a lot of external food i.e. daphnia were visible in alimentary canal .In 14 days after hatching pyloric caeca was appeared and in 40 days conical teeth was observed. In the primitive stages of life, the glycoprotein secretions belong to simple columnar cells (interior part of esophagus &some parts of intestine), while through age increase, these secretions belong to apical cells of simple columnar and also goblet cells. The beginning of active feeding of Persian sturgeon larvae was occurred in 9 to 11 days after hatching. Following the development, there was no special alternation except thickness increase of epithelium, muscular layer, connective tissue of lamina propria and increase of epithelial folds of intestine

CenoDerm vs. fascia lata for the prevention of dorsal nasal irregularities in rhinoplasty

Introduction: Dorsal nasal irregularity is a complication of rhinoplasty surgery, mostly seen in patients with thin skin. Acellular dermis (CenoDerm) and homologous fascia lata covering the nasal bone cartilage structure have been used to achieve a smooth surface. In this study, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes using these two materials. Materials and Methods: After a standard rhinoplasty procedure, a layer of the acellular dermis or homologous fascia lata was placed in the pocket of the dorsum. Patients were evaluated for clinical outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. Results Forty-two of 68 patients completed the follow-up period. Patient satisfaction was higher in the homologous fascia lata group. Similarly, nasal dorsum inspection and palpation results were better in the homologous fascia lata group compared with the CenoDerm group but was significant in palpation (P=0.00). There was no complete absorption in the homologous fascia lata group 6 months after surgery (P= 0.04 vs. CenoDerm) but no significant difference was observed at 12 months. Conclusion: Homologous fascia lata is better than acellular dermis in preventing dorsal nasal irregularity after rhinoplasty in thin-skinned patients

The effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>It has been shown that Low Level Laser (LLL) has a positive effect on bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Continuous forward mandibular advancement was performed in fourteen male Albino rabbits with the mean age of 8 weeks and the mean weight of 1.5 ± 0.5 kg, with acrylic inclined planes. The rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups after 4 weeks. LLL (KLO3: wave length 630 nm) was irradiated at 3 points around the TMJ, through the skin in the first group. The exposure was performed for 3 minutes at each point (a total of 9 minutes) once a day for 3 weeks. The control group was not exposed to any irradiation. The rabbits in both groups were sacrificed after two months and the histological evaluation of TMJ was performed to compare fibrous tissue, cartilage, and new bone formation in condylar region in both groups. Disc displacement was also detected in both groups. Student's t-test, Exact Fisher and Chi square tests were used for the statistical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The formation of fibrous tissue was significantly lower, while bone formation was significantly greater in lased group as compared with control group. The thickness of cartilage did not differ significantly between two groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Irradiation of LLL (KLO3) during mandibular advancement in rabbits, increases bone formation in condylar region, while neither increase in the cartilage thickness nor fibrous tissues was observed.</p

The effect of Fluoxetine on Ouabain-induced toxicity in isolated atrium of guinea pig

History and Objectives: Fluoxetine is an anti-depressant drug that specifically inhibits serotonin re-uptake. Since fluoxetine can lead to bradycardia and may have pro-arrhythmic and anti-arrhythmic properties, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine on ouabain-induced arrhythmia in isolated atrium of Guinea pig. Materials and Methods: In this study, Guinea pigs from both sexes (350-600 g) were used. The animal’s atrium was totally isolated from the ventricle. Thirty-two isolated atria were studied in 4 groups, that is, control, fluoxetine, ouabain and ouabain in combination with fluoxetine. The isolated atria were inserted into modified Oxygenated Krebs solution. Therefore, the mentioned drugs were added to the bath and 20 min later, ionic content of the tissue was measured. Results: Fluoxetine (2-16 µg) can produce a short increase in contractile force (4 min), but finally decrease force and rate of isolated atrium. Ouabain (1.2 µg/ml) can lead to atrial arrhythmic after 1.5 min and after 16 min leads to total toxicity, asystole and atrial cease. Fluoxetine pretreatment (4 µg/ml) can delay the occurrence of arrhythmia up to 5 min (P<0.05). Meanwhile, survival time for atrium increased to greater than 40 min (P<0.05). Ionic measurement of atrial tissue showed that ouabain by itself can increase the level of sodium, but no such effect on potassium and calcium levels. In addition, fluoxetine in itself can significantly increase potassium level (P<0.05). Administration of fluoxetine and therefore, ouabain can attenuate the toxic effect of ouabain on ionic changes and even return it to normal level. Conclusion and Recommendations: It is concluded that fluoxetine has a direct negative inotropic and chronotropic effect on isolated atrium as a possible result of inhibition of sodium and calcium channels and it can probably prevent ouabain-induced toxicity and arrhythmia in atrium of Guinea pig through stabilization of cell membrane and/or prevention of ionic changes that is a quinidine-like effect

Inhibition of histaminergic receptors in rat jejunum by Indacrinone

Indacrinone is a loop diuretic which also has uricosuric, kaliuretic, saliuretic and natriuretic effects. Since it has been reported that this drug has several actions in different organs, we decided to evaluate its mechanism of action on the rat jejunum smooth muscle. After preparation of the tissues, different concentrations of indacrinone were applied. Doses of 8.2&amp;times;10^-6 M, 2.7&amp;times;10^-5 M, 8.2&amp;times;10^-5 M and 2.7&amp;times;10^-4 M were all effective in a dose dependent manner to relax the muscle. Increase in the drug concentration resulted in much faster reduction in twitch amplitude. The jejunum is innervated by adernergic, cholinergic, serotonergic and histaminergic systems. To find the mechanism of action of indacrinone in rat jejunum, experiments were conducted by appropriate receptor agonists and antagonists of the above systems. There was a marked increase in muscle contraction tone and ampliture by the use of histamine, while indacrinone prevented the increase induced by histamine. It was concluded that indacrinone may be a competitive antagonist for histamin receptors in rat jejunum muscle

Proteinuria triggers renal lymphangiogenesis prior to the development of interstitial fibrosis

Proteinuria is an important cause of progressive tubulo-interstitial damage. Whether proteinuria could trigger a renal lymphangiogenic response has not been established. Moreover, the temporal relationship between development of fibrosis, inflammation and lymphangiogenesis in chronic progressive kidney disease is not clear yet. Therefore, we evaluated the time course of lymph vessel (LV) formation in relation to proteinuria and interstitial damage in a rat model of chronic unilateral adriamycin nephrosis. Proteinuria and kidneys were evaluated up to 30 weeks after induction of nephrosis. LVs were identified by podoplanin/VEGFR3 double staining. After 6 weeks proteinuria was well-established, without influx of interstitial macrophages and myofibroblasts, collagen deposition, osteopontin expression (tubular activation) or LV formation. At 12 weeks, a ∼3-fold increase in cortical LV density was found (p<0.001), gradually increasing over time. This corresponded with a significant increase in tubular osteopontin expression (p<0.01) and interstitial myofibroblast numbers (p<0.05), whereas collagen deposition and macrophage numbers were not yet increased. VEGF-C was mostly expressed by tubular cells rather than interstitial cells. Cultured tubular cells stimulated with FCS showed a dose-dependent increase in mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-C which was not observed by human albumin stimulation. We conclude that chronic proteinuria provoked lymphangiogenesis in temporal conjunction with tubular osteopontin expression and influx of myofibroblasts, that preceded interstitial fibrosis