Women and the Automobile in Sweden

In a car advertisement series for Peugeot that ran in the spring of 1997 in DN, GP and SvD, the car was depicted as a symbol of nature, explicitly stated in the caption to the photographs. What the photographs depict are transformations of the human body into a car, in five consecutive frame shots. The five series or transformations use the symbol of the body to represent aesthetic perfection and strength. The ads are sensual and colorful, depicting the car as being a given part of nature as much as humans are a part of nature. What is so interesting about this series is the fact that men and women’s bodies are used so differently, with the male chest being transformed into a motor and the woman’s hips, torso, and legs being transformed into contours of the car body parts. Men’s bodies represent predominantly strength, while women’s bodies represent aesthetic sensuality. The explicitness and clearly separate images that men and women’s body refers to in these advertisements show the continued importance of sexual images and their associations to the automobile

Gender Mainstreaming in Transport Policy in Sweden

Hvorfor har integrationen af køn i svensk transportpolitik fulgt en konservativ kurs og ikke en mere progressiv vej? Det skyldes blandt andet en uafklaret forståelse af køn som analytisk kategori

Social Capital and Climate Change Perception in the Mara River Basin, Kenya

Climate change is a phenomenon that affects different facets of human livelihood. However, the general public does not easily comprehend it. This study was inspired by the realization that climate change is not just an ecological entity but that social processes have a crucial role to play in responding to the climate change crisis. Community perception is critical because it determines response to the crisis. Social capital has been identified as key in creating a framework for understanding community dynamics. In the Mara River Basin in Kenya, a fragile environment that supports a large population in Western Kenya, social capital has been analyzed by this study and linked to community perception of the climate change crisis within the basin. The study therefore seeks to demonstrate how social capital can be used to develop a deeper understanding of the cognizance of climate change nuances at community level. Key Words: Mara River Basin, Social Capital, Networks, Ties, Climate Change, Perception, Information flo

The role of learning in transdisciplinary research: moving from a normative concept to an analytical tool through a practice-based approach

Transdisciplinary (TD) research is an example of a participatory research approach that has been developed to address the complexity of societal problems through the exchange of knowledge and expertise across diverse groups of societal actors. The concept of knowledge exchange is central to the ability of TD research to produce usable knowledge. There is, however, limited theoretical attention to the processes that enable knowledge exchange, namely learning. In this article, we analyze the "transferability" of knowledge generated in TD research settings from a practice-based approach. In this approach, learning and knowing are seen as situated in social practices, in meaning making processes where the involved participants make sense of what they do and why they do it. We describe and analyze three TD projects, and discuss the role of practitioners' perspectives in the interpretation of the tasks and realization of TD, and in the consequences this has for the organization of the research process and the usability of its results. The analysis shows that while the project teams were given the same task and framework, they did not understand or enact TD in a similar fashion. The three projects created different goals and organizations. They also resulted in different challenges, which could be identified and analyzed by the use of a practice-based approach to learning. In the conclusions, we identify aspects for both practice and research that are important for creating sufficient conditions for learning in TD research processes so that they can better promote contributions to societal change

Three-Dimensional FDTD Simulation of Biomaterial Exposure to Electromagnetic Nanopulses

Ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses of nanosecond duration, or nanopulses, have been recently approved by the Federal Communications Commission for a number of various applications. They are also being explored for applications in biotechnology and medicine. The simulation of the propagation of a nanopulse through biological matter, previously performed using a two-dimensional finite difference-time domain method (FDTD), has been extended here into a full three-dimensional computation. To account for the UWB frequency range, a geometrical resolution of the exposed sample was $0.25 mm$, and the dielectric properties of biological matter were accurately described in terms of the Debye model. The results obtained from three-dimensional computation support the previously obtained results: the electromagnetic field inside a biological tissue depends on the incident pulse rise time and width, with increased importance of the rise time as the conductivity increases; no thermal effects are possible for the low pulse repetition rates, supported by recent experiments. New results show that the dielectric sample exposed to nanopulses behaves as a dielectric resonator. For a sample in a cuvette, we obtained the dominant resonant frequency and the $Q$-factor of the resonator.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Expertise in research integration and implementation for tackling complex problems: when is it needed, where can it be found and how can it be strengthened?

© 2020, The Author(s). Expertise in research integration and implementation is an essential but often overlooked component of tackling complex societal and environmental problems. We focus on expertise relevant to any complex problem, especially contributory expertise, divided into ‘knowing-that’ and ‘knowing-how.’ We also deal with interactional expertise and the fact that much expertise is tacit. We explore three questions. First, in examining ‘when is expertise in research integration and implementation required?,’ we review tasks essential (a) to developing more comprehensive understandings of complex problems, plus possible ways to address them, and (b) for supporting implementation of those understandings into government policy, community practice, business and social innovation, or other initiatives. Second, in considering ‘where can expertise in research integration and implementation currently be found?,’ we describe three realms: (a) specific approaches, including interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, systems thinking and sustainability science; (b) case-based experience that is independent of these specific approaches; and (c) research examining elements of integration and implementation, specifically considering unknowns and fostering innovation. We highlight examples of expertise in each realm and demonstrate how fragmentation currently precludes clear identification of research integration and implementation expertise. Third, in exploring ‘what is required to strengthen expertise in research integration and implementation?,’ we propose building a knowledge bank. We delve into three key challenges: compiling existing expertise, indexing and organising the expertise to make it widely accessible, and understanding and overcoming the core reasons for the existing fragmentation. A growing knowledge bank of expertise in research integration and implementation on the one hand, and accumulating success in addressing complex societal and environmental problems on the other, will form a virtuous cycle so that each strengthens the other. Building a coalition of researchers and institutions will ensure this expertise and its application are valued and sustained

Institutional capacity building in urban planning and policy making for sustainable development: success or failure?

Local and regional governments are facing extreme challenges regarding their ability to plan for sustainable urban development. The ever-present pro-market policy agenda leaves little room regarding global considerations for long-term environmental conservation and social justice. The complexity of sustainable development also defies the traditional management and problem solving capabilities of most local municipalities. Different types of informal and formal partnerships, networks and arenas have been formed to offset such deficiencies. This paper presents an example of a cross-sector, multi-level civil servant arena and examines its ability to provide a more integrative approach to planning and policy making in Western Sweden. The results were assessed using a combination of theory on institutional capacity building and sustainability learning. The arena increases institutional capacity by promoting relational links across organizational divisions and governance levels, and by increasing substantive knowledge. At the same time, the more radical and innovative results were either avoided or watered down, and opportunities developed through institutional capacity building were vastly underused

Institutional capacity building in urban planning and policy making for sustainable development: success or failure?

Local and regional governments are facing extreme challenges regarding their ability to plan for sustainable urban development. The ever-present pro-market policy agenda leaves little room regarding global considerations for long-term environmental conservation and social justice. The complexity of sustainable development also defies the traditional management and problem solving capabilities of most local municipalities. Different types of informal and formal partnerships, networks and arenas have been formed to offset such deficiencies. This paper presents an example of a cross-sector, multi-level civil servant arena and examines its ability to provide a more integrative approach to planning and policy making in Western Sweden. The results were assessed using a combination of theory on institutional capacity building and sustainability learning. The arena increases institutional capacity by promoting relational links across organizational divisions and governance levels, and by increasing substantive knowledge. At the same time, the more radical and innovative results were either avoided or watered down, and opportunities developed through institutional capacity building were vastly underused