Financial feasibility study of crop technification guava ( Psidium guajava ) var. Common Red In the department of Cundinamarca

El presente documento describe los principales lineamientos para realizar un estudio de factibilidad en el cultivo de Guayaba (Psidium guajava) conocida como la reina de las frutas por su alto contenido nutricional, un cultivo que a nivel Nacional tiene dos amplios mercados, consumo en fresco y agroindustrial. Sin embargo para la producción agroindustrial objetivo de la investigación, se utiliza materia prima proveniente de sistemas silvestres y silvopastoriles y en el cual las escasas prácticas de cultivo son insuficientes al generarse árboles con deficiencias nutricionales, enfermos y frutos afectados por insectos, impidiendo un mayor aprovechamiento de la fruta y una barrera a la integración con mercados internacionales. Ante estos problemas se realizó una búsqueda de registros y consultas en entidades gubernamentales representadas por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural y la Cadena de Producción del Cultivo de Guayaba, y registros de producción y rendimiento reportados por Agronet y la plataforma Colombia Siembra. El estudio demostró que es factible la tecnificación del cultivo de Guayaba el cual por sus propiedades bromatológicas tiene un mayor contenido de azúcares y tiene como destino fábricas del Departamento de Cundinamarca y otros departamentos como Boyacá y Santander donde la cadena de producción y de aprovechamiento tiene un mayor desarrollo. Este documento se presenta como base para el Plan de Gobierno del municipio de Anolaima, identificado como un potencial productor de Guayaba y será soporte del diseño de un programa de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y el fortalecimiento de encadenamientos productivos por medio de la agricultura familiar con sistemas de cultivo tecnificados en Guayaba.This paper describes the main guidelines for conducting a feasibility study on the cultivation of Guava (Psidium guajava) known as the queen of fruits for their high nutritional content, a crop that Nationwide has two broad markets, fresh consumption and agroindustrial. However for the agroindustrial production objective of the research, raw material is used from wild and forest grazing systems and in which the few farming practices are insufficient to generate trees with nutritional deficiencies, sick and fruit affected by insects, preventing greater use fruit and a barrier to integration with international markets. Given these problems a search of records and consultations governmental entities represented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Crop Production Chain Guava and production records and performance reported by Agronet and Colombia Seeding platform was performed. The study showed that the modernization of cultivation Guava that by their bromatological properties has a higher sugar content is feasible and has as factories destination of the Department of Cundinamarca and other departments such as Boyacá and Santander where the production and use has a further development. This document is presented as a basis for the Government Plan of the municipality of Anolaima, identified as a potential producer Guava and will design a program of food and nutrition security and the strengthening of productive chains support through family farming systems tecnificados in Guava cultivation

Contabilidad Ad Hoc para la gestión municipal de una crisis epidémica: la fiebre amarilla en Cádiz en 1800

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a un mayor conocimiento acerca de cómo se generaron y se utilizaron en el pasado prácticas ad hoc de registro y de rendición de cuentas en el contexto del gobierno local para hacer frente a una situación de crisis. Para ello, se considera un problema de salud pública en un contexto concreto, la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Cádiz en 1800. La particularidad del contexto estudiado, donde existía un gran bagaje contable, contribuye a que se establezcan como objetivos específicos del trabajo los siguientes: (1) explicar la génesis de los sistemas de rendición de cuentas y la propia contabilidad utilizados en la gestión municipal de una epidemia y (2) explorar la versatilidad y plasticidad que la perspectiva contable aportó a los registros generados en este contexto. Para ello, se consideran fuentes primarias y también publicaciones de la época. Las evidencias obtenidas muestran la emergencia en el ámbito local de un sistema de rendición de cuentas y de registro contable que recibe influencias del acervo contable y médico de la ciudad. Asimismo, sugieren que este acervo contable permite un uso e interpretación interesados, tanto por parte del gobierno local como por la Iglesia, los comerciantes y la profesión médica. El valor que la sociedad local confiere a los libros contables colabora en este sentido.This paper aims to extend the knowledge about how ad hoc accounting and accountability practices arose and were used in the past to face a situation of crisis in the context of local government. With this purpose, it addresses a health public problem in a specific context, the yellow fever epidemic in Cadiz in 1800. The specific characteristics of the setting, where acquaintance with accounting was usual, allow setting the following specific objectives: (1) to explain the genesis of the accountability systems and the accounting itself used for local government management of the epidemic and (2) to explore the versatility and plasticity that accounting background provides to the records produced in this context. To accomplish them, primary sources as well as publications of the time have been considered. The evidence obtained shows that both an accountability system and a basic bookkeeping system influenced by the local accounting and medical background arose in the local context. Moreover, the findings suggest that the generalized accounting background promoted the self-serving use and interpretation of the records by local government, local Church, trade association and medical profession. The value that local society attributed to accounting books was important in this sense

Schumpeterian micro-economics, international trade and macroeconomic policy

Macroeconomic policy could be much improved if we had a better understanding of the working of the capitalist mechanism. Schumpeter - along with many other economists of the Austrian School - warned the Neoclassical School that the premise on which they were building their models, diminishing returns, was not supported by the evidence. Schumpeter held that with the industrial revolution, increasing rather than decreasing returns were the rule. Schumpeter demonstrated the importance of economies of scale by tracing the trajectories of enterprises in five industries - textiles, railroads, steel, automobiles and electric power - in three countries- The US, Germany and the UK. His main conclusion is that creative destruction is the engine of capitalism.

Trisections of 4-manifolds with Boundary

Given a handle decomposition of a 4-manifold with boundary, and an open book decomposition of the boundary, we show how to produce a trisection diagram of a trisection of the 4-manifold inducing the given open book. We do this by making the original proof of the existence of relative trisections more explicit, in terms of handles. Furthermore, we extend this existence result to the case of 4-manifolds with multiple boundary components, and show how trisected 4-manifolds with multiple boundary components glue together.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Systemic intervention for computer-supported collaborative learning

This paper presents a systemic intervention approach as a means to overcome the methodological challenges involved in research into computer-supported collaborative learning applied to the promotion of mathematical problem-solving (CSCL-MPS) skills in schools. These challenges include how to develop an integrated analysis of several aspects of the learning process; and how to reflect on learning purposes, the context of application and participants' identities. The focus of systemic intervention is on processes for thinking through whose views and what issues and values should be considered pertinent in an analysis. Systemic intervention also advocates mixing methods from different traditions to address the purposes of multiple stakeholders. Consequently, a design for CSCL-MPS research is presented that includes several methods. This methodological design is used to analyse and reflect upon both a CSCL-MPS project with Colombian schools, and the identities of the participants in that project

Uso de la tecnología en el aula

La Matemática es una ciencia intensamente dinámica y cambiante, por lo tanto no resulta fácil de abordar, de ahí que los maestros deban estar atentos a estos cambios profundos, que traen aparejados los propios en la Didáctica de la Matemática y que, además, implican comprender que la actividad matemática es una exploración de ciertas estructuras de la realidad. Por otra parte desde hace algunos años la aparición y asentamiento progresivo de nuevas formas de tecnología aplicadas a la educación ha colocado a muchos docentes en una situación de aprendizaje (casi de analfabetismo dirían algunos) que si bien los ha desconcertado y desorientado en un principio, es un comienzo excelente hacia nuevas formas de mirar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje