Čujemo li još Kromanjonca?

This paper is an essay to connect with the stone Age coastal hunters who sheltered 28,000 years ago in the caves of today’s italian Mediterranean sea shore cliffs. We have focused on the archaeological Gravettian layer in the Cavillon cave from Grimaldi occupied by Cro Magnons (informal name for Anatomically Modern Humans of the European Upper Paleolithic), which demonstrates the technical skills of the phase. Cro Magnons, like Neanderthals, were seasonally nomadic; however, the diversity of the resources exploited within the territory along the Grimaldi sea coast suggests a longer term site within which a complex symbolic culture developed.Ovaj nas esej vraća u kameno doba prije 28.000 godina, kada su se lovci sklanjali u pećine na obalnim klisurama Mediterana u italiji. U središtu je pažnje arheološki gravetijenski sloj u špilji Cavillon na nalazištu Grimaldi, koju su nastanili upravo kromanjonci (neslužbeno ime za anatomski moderne ljude iz europ¬skoga gornjeg paleolitika), a koji zorno svjedoči o tehničkim sposobnostima toga razdoblja. Kromanjonci su, baš poput neandertalaca, bili sezonski nomadi, ali se zahvaljujući razno¬likim resursima koje su rabili duž obale nalazišta Grimaldi može zaključiti da su se ondje zadržali duže i razvili složenu simboličku kulturu

Microwear Studies of Early African Hominid Teeth

Studies of microwear on fossil hominid teeth have become an important approach in paleoanthropology. Since there are very few samples of early hominids from East Africa with suitable teeth, this paper presents a review of the occurrence of some dental wear characteristics to provide a data base for reconstructing the diet of the early hominids. Distinctive microwear features such as furrows, crenulations, stress lines and deep grooves, are interpretive tools that can be used in a biomechanical approach. Occurrence of the same dental microwear patterns in extant species with known dietary differences is indicative of foods that have probably been exploited in fossils

Čujemo li još Kromanjonca?

This paper is an essay to connect with the stone Age coastal hunters who sheltered 28,000 years ago in the caves of today’s italian Mediterranean sea shore cliffs. We have focused on the archaeological Gravettian layer in the Cavillon cave from Grimaldi occupied by Cro Magnons (informal name for Anatomically Modern Humans of the European Upper Paleolithic), which demonstrates the technical skills of the phase. Cro Magnons, like Neanderthals, were seasonally nomadic; however, the diversity of the resources exploited within the territory along the Grimaldi sea coast suggests a longer term site within which a complex symbolic culture developed.Ovaj nas esej vraća u kameno doba prije 28.000 godina, kada su se lovci sklanjali u pećine na obalnim klisurama Mediterana u italiji. U središtu je pažnje arheološki gravetijenski sloj u špilji Cavillon na nalazištu Grimaldi, koju su nastanili upravo kromanjonci (neslužbeno ime za anatomski moderne ljude iz europ¬skoga gornjeg paleolitika), a koji zorno svjedoči o tehničkim sposobnostima toga razdoblja. Kromanjonci su, baš poput neandertalaca, bili sezonski nomadi, ali se zahvaljujući razno¬likim resursima koje su rabili duž obale nalazišta Grimaldi može zaključiti da su se ondje zadržali duže i razvili složenu simboličku kulturu

Visualization in cryogenic environment: Application to two-phase studies

11 pagesInternational audienceThis paper reviews recent technical developments devoted to the study of cryogenic two-phase fluids. These techniques span from simple flow visualization to quantitative measurements of light scattering. It is shown that simple flow pattern configurations are obtained using classical optical tools (CCD cam- eras, endoscopes), even in most severe environments (high vacuum, high magnetic field). Quantitative measurements include laser velocimetry, particle sizing, and light scattering analysis. In the case of mag- netically compensated gravity boiling oxygen, optical access is used to control the poistioning of a bubble subject to buoyancy forces in an experimental cell. Flow visualization on a two-phase superfluid helium pipe-flow, performed as a support of LHC cooldown studies, leads to flow pattern characterization. Visu- alization includes stratified and atomized flows. Thanks to the low refractive index contrast between the liquid and its vapor, quantitative results on droplet densities can be obtained even in a multiple scatter- ing regime

The “As de Nîmes”, a Roman Coin and the Myth of Antony and Cleopatra: Octavian and Agrippa victorious over Antony

Establishment of Augustus authority in partnership with Agrippa, when Rome was evolving from a “republic” into an empire, led to a political propaganda. The four series of the “Asde Nîmes”, bronze coins struck under Augustus and Agrippa, commemorate the capture of Egyptand the establishment of veterans in Nemausus (Nîmes, France). The iconography of this Roman coin is related to the specific history between 28 BC and 14 AD of Octavian and his general Agrippa, who defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium, asexpressed on the reverse, where a crocodile chained to a palm is depicted. Both palm and crocodile symbolize not only the capture of Egypt, but also the defeat of Mark Antony. The palm representsalso the “victory” in a grotesque scene in which his love for Cleopatra converted Antony into aloser. It is then concluded that these coins preserve the memory of Octavian’s victory over theiconic figure of Antony

: collaborateur F. Filce LEEK

Collection de tirés-à-part de la bibliothèque de l'I.P.H.International audienceDental aspects of Ancient Egyptians based on the Marro collection (Institute of Anthropology, Turin, Italy), presented at the symposia held at Manchester in1984, establish the causes of considerable tooth occlusal wear. Since the selected Egyptian dentitions showed a high degree of similarity, micro wear was compared to the wear observed in humans of known diet. The character of wear of the pre-dynastic and dynastic Egyptians was attributed to the abrasives of vegetables used both in the diet and as masticators

Dental Microwear and Diet: the Role of Geographic and Cultural Contexts in Human Evolution

International audienceA two-day symposium explored new research and evidence which suggests that at some stage during the last few million years, our human ancestors were exposed to periods of semiaquatic evolution which led to the acquisition of unique and primordial human characteristics. This specific anthropological research identifies the functions of teeth by closely examining their surface damage characteristics. We have observed the dental micro wear striation on a variety of populations, that range from being almost carnivorous to largely vegetarian, to improve our knowledge of Prehistoric man diet. The method interprets the food movements in mouth by the form of striae present on the buccal enamel of the back teeth

Etude de la surface des couronnes dentaires en anthropologie.: Apport de la technique des répliques

The technique of "replicas" is a process available to paleontological research. Method of interpretation of human remains, it studies the stability or the changes of the structure of the dental crowns and the impression left by the use of the teeth. This new method has enabled us to bring information about prehistoric man and his mode of food.La technique des "répliques" est un procédé mis à la disposition des recherches paléontologiques. Méthode d'interprétation des restes humains, elle étudie la stabilité ou les changements de la structure des couronnes dentaires ainsi que l'empreinte laissée par l'usage des dents. Ce nouveau moyen nous a en effet permis d'apporter des éléments d'information sur l'homme préhistorique et son mode alimentaires

Etude de l'usure des dents chez les hominides fossiles

collection de tirés-à-part de la bibliothèque de l'I.P.H.This study determined the different microscopic wear aspects of dental surfaces of the early man to make comparisons with those of known diet animals and those obtained by experimental dental wear. The practical interest is to separate the wear characters based on the physicochemical properties of foods and other substances chewed. We propose a method for determining the dietary habits based on observed dental wear as to better know what prehistoric men ate.L'analyse de l'usure est utilisée en archéologie et en paléoanthropologie pour identifier quelle a été la fonction des outils et des dents. Les caractéristiques des dommages de surface observés au microscope contribuent à améliorer notre connaissance du mode de vie de l'homme préhistorique. L'analyse des aspects des microtraces présentes sur les surfaces dentaires démontre que les rayures des faces jugales des prémolaires et molaires témoignent des principales habitudes alimentaires sur de longues périodes. La variabilité des résultats concernant diverses populations humaines a donc permis de constituer un atlas des principales habitudes alimentaires. En 1983, les données concernant l'Homme de Tautavel ont été présentées lors de la soutenance d’une thèse de 3e cycle auprès de l’université d’Aix-Marseille :Pierre François Puech 1983 - Etude de l'usure des dents chez les hominides fossiles, thèse de 3ème cycle de doctorat en Géologie des formations sédimentaires. Université de Provence, Marseille centre Saint-Charles.496 pagesRésumé : Recherche des différents aspects microscopiques des surfaces d'usure des dents des premiers hommes, comparaison à ceux d'animaux à diète connue et ceux obtenus par reproduction expérimentale du phénomène d'usure des tissus dentaires. L'intérêt pratique est de séparer les caractères de l'usure en fonction des qualités physico-chimiques des aliments et de toute autre substance mastiquée afin de proposer une méthode de détermination du mode alimentaire à partir de l'usure des dents et de déduire ainsi l'alimentation des hommes préhistorique

L'Usure Dentaire de l'Homme de Tautavel

collection de tirés-à-part de la bibliothèque de l'I.P.H.International audience.La forme de l'usure des dents de l'homme de Tautavel est celle habituellement rencontrée chez les chasseurs-collecteurs anciens et modernes. L'Homme de Tautavel a broyé les aliments en exerçant des forces de dislocation très importantes mais il n'a pas usé ses dents plus vite que ne l'ont fait les aborigènes du siècle dernier. La comparaison des aspects microscopiques de l'usure avec ceux des dents d'animaux à diète connue n'a pas permis de retrouver pour Tautavel de caractères propres aux végétariens. L'étude expérimentale a montré le rôle particulier des fortes pressions exercées et des particules abrasives dans l'usure. Un tableau des différents aspects microscopiques de l'usure des dents au cours de l'évolution humaine montre les caractères spécifiques des hommes proches de l'homme de Tautavel. La mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse de l'usure des faces vestibulaires des dents jugales met en évidence la similitude d'alimentation des hommes de Tautavel, de Choukoutien et de Montmaurin avec les amateurs de viande comme les esquimaux