Structure, morphology and mechanical properties of electrodeposited composite coatings Ni–P/SiC

Physical properties of the NiP/SiC deposits are discussed according to the electroplating parameters and heat treatments. The insertion of silicon carbide in the coatings does not modify their rigidity (E = 230 GPa), increases their hardness slightly (50 Vickers) and decreases the residual stresses in the coatings. The phosphorus content has a major effect on the structure and the physical properties. Indeed, the insertion of phosphorus into the deposits generates a grain size reduction or even an amorphisation which results in morphological modifications observed by AFM. In parallel a very important hardening is associated with incorporation of phosphorus: hardness is multiplied by 3 to reach 600 HV0.1. The deposits tend to become crystalline following the heat treatments. With 420 °C, the precipitation of a Ni3P phase which distorts the crystal lattice is observed, increasing the hardness of the deposits

EMPRUNTS SOUVERAINS ET VULNÉRABILITÉ FINANCIÈRE DE LA MONARCHIE D'ANCIEN RÉGIME. TOUT S'EST-IL JOUÉ SOUS LOUIS XIV ?

La course à l'abime financier de la monarchie française d'Ancien Régime, qui s'est soldée par la convocation des États Généraux de 1789, en raison de la dérobade finale des prêteurs convaincus de l'imminence du défaut souverain, est un objet d'interrogations déjà ancien. La fin de cette histoire a puissamment influé sur la manière de l'interpréter, du fait de la propension des révolutionnaires à stigmatiser " l'imbécilité de [l'] ancien gouvernement ". Elle l'a été aussi à cause du parallèle qui s'est imposé d'emblée avec l'Angleterre rivale, opposée à la France dans toutes les guerres depuis le dernier quart du XVIIe siècle et qui l'a défaite sur les mers comme sur le terrain de la solidité financière. Un point central des controverses est la bifurcation qui a conduit la France à tourner le dos à l'instrument d'emprunt le moins coûteux, la rente perpétuelle, dont elle s'était dotée dès 1522 avec la création des rentes sur l'Hôtel de Ville, pour aller vers les rentes viagères qui ont entraîné les finances de la monarchie vers l'impasse au dix-huitième siècle. On montre comment, en amont de la faillite de Law qui fait écran à la compréhension du temps long, les problèmes financiers du siècle des Lumières étaient déterminés par l'expérience du Grand Siècle

Involvement of separate domains of the cellulosomal protein S1 of Clostridium thermocellum in binding to cellulose and in anchoring of catalytic subunits to the cellulosome

AbstractFragments of the 25OkDa SI subunit of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome were obtained by protease-induced or spontaneous degradation. All detectable fragments, down to a mass of about 30 kDa, retained the ability to bind to 125I-labelled endoglucanase CelD, one of the catalytic subunits of the cellulosome. Several fragments were able to bind both to cellulose and to CElD. However, some fragments that could still bind to CelD did not have the ability to bind to cellulose. Therefore, S1, a putative scaffolding protein of the cellulosome, is likely to carry two separate types of domains, one of which binds to cellulose, while the other type binds to the various catalytic subunits of the complex

Interaction of the duplicated segment carried by Clostridium thermocellum cellulases with cellulosome components

AbstractThe function of the non-catalytic, duplicated segment found in C. thermocellum cellulases was investigated. Rabbit antibodies reacting with the duplicated segment of endoglucanase CelD cross-reacted with a variety of cellulosome components ranging between 50 and 100 kDa. 125I-labeled forms of CelD and of xylanase XynZ carrying the duplicated segment bound to a set of cellulosome proteins ranging between 66 and 250 kDa, particularly to the 250 kDa SL (or S1) subunit. 125I-labeled forms of CelD and XynZ devoid of the duplicated segment failed to bind to any cellulosome protein. The duplicated segment appears thus to serve to anchor the various cellulosome subunits to the complex by binding to SL, which may be a scaffolding element of the cellulosome

5es Rencontres FORMIST - 2005

Actes des 5èmes Rencontres FORMIST qui se sont déroulées à Lyon le 9 juin 2005. Compétences informationnelles pour une meilleure insertion universitaire ; Le développement des compétences informationnelles à l\u27université de Laval ; Comparaison des conceptions pédagogiques de la maîtrise de l\u27information chez des universitaires britanniques de différentes disciplines ; Quelle recherche d\u27information pour une discipline donnée ? ; La relation de la discipline à la documentation en philosophie ; Mise en place d\u27un programme de formation documentaire en théologie et science des religions ; La relation entre discipline et documentation et ses répercussions dans les formations à l\u27information en sciences de la vie ; A l\u27ouest, du nouveau ? Regards sur quelques pratiques américaines

Improvement of antibiotic prescription in outpatient care: a cluster-randomized intervention study using a sentinel surveillance network of physicians

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of implementing guidelines, coupled with individual feedback, on antibiotic prescribing behaviour of primary care physicians in Switzerland. Methods One hundred and forty general practices from a representative Swiss sentinel network of primary care physicians participated in this cluster-randomized prospective intervention study. The intervention consisted of providing guidelines on treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), coupled with sustained, regular feedback on individual antibiotic prescription behaviour during 2 years. The main aims were: (i) to increase the percentage of prescriptions of penicillins for all RTIs treated with antibiotics; (ii) to increase the percentage of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prescriptions for all uncomplicated lower UTIs treated with antibiotics; (iii) to decrease the percentage of quinolone prescriptions for all cases of exacerbated COPD (eCOPD) treated with antibiotics; and (iv) to decrease the proportion of sinusitis and other upper RTIs treated with antibiotics. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01358916). Results While the percentage of antibiotics prescribed for sinusitis or other upper RTIs and the percentage of quinolones prescribed for eCOPD did not differ between the intervention group and the control group, there was a significant increase in the percentage of prescriptions of penicillins for all RTIs treated with antibiotics [57% versus 49%, OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.08-1.89), P = 0.01] and in the percentage of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prescriptions for all uncomplicated lower UTIs treated with antibiotics [35% versus 19%, OR = 2.16 (95% CI 1.19-3.91), P = 0.01] in the intervention group. Conclusions In our setting, implementing guidelines, coupled with sustained individual feedback, was not able to reduce the proportion of sinusitis and other upper RTIs treated with antibiotics, but increased the use of recommended antibiotics for RTIs and UTIs, as defined by the guideline

Tau expression and phosphorylation in enteroendocrine cells

Background and objectiveThere is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut-brain axis is involved in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this regard, the enteroendocrine cells (EEC), which faces the gut lumen and are connected with both enteric neurons and glial cells have received growing attention. The recent observation showing that these cells express alpha-synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein genetically and neuropathologically linked to PD came to reinforce the assumption that EEC might be a key component of the neural circuit between the gut lumen and the brain for the bottom-up propagation of PD pathology. Besides alpha-synuclein, tau is another key protein involved in neurodegeneration and converging evidences indicate that there is an interplay between these two proteins at both molecular and pathological levels. There are no existing studies on tau in EEC and therefore we set out to examine the isoform profile and phosphorylation state of tau in these cells.MethodsSurgical specimens of human colon from control subjects were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of anti-tau antibodies together with chromogranin A and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (two EEC markers) antibodies. To investigate tau expression further, two EEC lines, namely GLUTag and NCI-H716 were analyzed by Western blot with pan-tau and tau isoform specific antibodies and by RT-PCR. Lambda phosphatase treatment was used to study tau phosphorylation in both cell lines. Eventually, GLUTag were treated with propionate and butyrate, two short chain fatty acids known to sense EEC, and analyzed at different time points by Western blot with an antibody specific for tau phosphorylated at Thr205.ResultsWe found that tau is expressed and phosphorylated in EEC in adult human colon and that both EEC lines mainly express two tau isoforms that are phosphorylated under basal condition. Both propionate and butyrate regulated tau phosphorylation state by decreasing its phosphorylation at Thr205.Conclusion and inferenceOur study is the first to characterize tau in human EEC and in EEC lines. As a whole, our findings provide a basis to unravel the functions of tau in EEC and to further investigate the possibility of pathological changes in tauopathies and synucleinopathies

Les vies à l’aune du roi et de l’Église. La valeur vénale des rentes viagères au XVIIe siècle

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