A pilot study on the Vietnamese labour market and its social and economic context

"This paper presents a regional case study of the labour market and its surrounding of Vinh City in central Vietnam, based on surveys conducted in 1999 and 2005. By including the time dimension and surveying samples with over 6000 individuals respectively it is possible to identify precisely the changes that have taken place within six years. The results reflect an enormous development process. Incomes increased fast and many structural parameters of the economy adapted to the new institutional setting of a market economy. The absolute level of income and of the standard of living is still low, however. A key finding of the analyses is that vocational training is meeting with large demand in private enterprises and is therefore of considerable importance for Vietnam's development process. Another important finding is that educational investments pay more in private enterprises." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Arbeitsmarktentwicklung, ökonomische Faktoren, soziale Faktoren, Einkommensentwicklung, Wirtschaftsstrukturwandel, Marktwirtschaft, Berufsausbildung, Bildungsinvestitionen, Bildungsertrag, Lebensstandard, regionaler Arbeitsmarkt, Stadt, Arbeitslosenquote, strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Arbeitslosenversicherung, Armut, Privatwirtschaft, Vietnam

Model-based classification of regional labour markets : for purposes of labour market policy

"In many countries fairly large and persistent regional disparities can be observed for a variety of economic indicators. Since these disparities can not be reduced to one single dimension, a classification system is needed to give a parsimonious overview. The article presents a system which is designed to assess labour market policy in Germany. The innovation in this article is the development of a procedure that combines the analysis of determinants of regional disparities with standard classification approaches. The procedure is designed to solve two problems of many existing classification schemes: firstly, their purely descriptive nature and secondly, their interpretation with relation to arbitrarily chosen classification variables. The proposed method is used to identify 12 types which show the regional diversity of labour markets in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Arbeitsmarktforschung, Wirkungsforschung, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Ausbildungsabsolventen, Berufseinmündung, berufliche Integration, Arbeitslose, regionaler Arbeitsmarkt, regionaler Vergleich, regionale Disparität, Indikatorenbildung, Arbeitsmarktindikatoren, Klassifikation, Klassifikationsmethode, Clusteranalyse, Region - Typologie

A pilot study on the Vietnamese labour market and its social and economic context

"This paper presents a regional case study of the labour market and its surrounding of Vinh City in central Vietnam, based on surveys conducted in 1999 and 2005. By including the time dimension and surveying samples with over 6000 individuals respectively it is possible to identify precisely the changes that have taken place within six years. The results reflect an enormous development process. Incomes increased fast and many structural parameters of the economy adapted to the new institutional setting of a market economy. The absolute level of income and of the standard of living is still low, however. A key finding of the analyses is that vocational training is meeting with large demand in private enterprises and is therefore of considerable importance for Vietnam's development process. Another important finding is that educational investments pay more in private enterprises." (author's abstract)Der Beitrag präsentiert eine regionale Fallstudie des Arbeitsmarkts der vietnamesischen Stadt Vinh. Mittels zweier Studien aus den Jahren 1999 und 2005, die mehr als 6000 Individuen einbeziehen, wird der Wandel, der sich in diesen sechs Jahren vollzogen hat, nachgezeichnet. Die Ergebnisse belegen einen enormen Entwicklungsprozess. Die Einkommen stiegen schnell und zahlreiche strukturelle Parameter haben sich an die neuen marktwirtschaftlichen Bedingungen angepasst. Dennoch sind das absolute Einkommensniveau und der Lebensstandard nach wie vor niedrig. Ein wichtiges Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist die zentrale Bedeutung der Berufsausbildung für den vietnamesischen Entwicklungsprozess, da die Berufsausbildung dem großen Bedarf in der Privatwirtschaft entgegenkommt. Ein weiteres Ergebnis ist, dass sich Bildungsinvestitionen in Unternehmen der Privatwirtschaft stärker auszahlen. (IAB

Model-based classification of regional labour markets: for purposes of labour market policy

"In many countries fairly large and persistent regional disparities can be observed for a variety of economic indicators. Since these disparities can not be reduced to one single dimension, a classification system is needed to give a parsimonious overview. The article presents a system which is designed to assess labour market policy in Germany. The innovation in this article is the development of a procedure that combines the analysis of determinants of regional disparities with standard classification approaches. The procedure is designed to solve two problems of many existing classification schemes: firstly, their purely descriptive nature and secondly, their interpretation with relation to arbitrarily chosen classification variables. The proposed method is used to identify 12 types which show the regional diversity of labour markets in Germany." (author's abstract)In vielen Ländern können große und anhaltende regionale Unterschiede bezüglich zahlreicher ökonomischer Indikatoren festgestellt werden. Da diese Unterschiede nicht auf eine einzige Dimension reduziert werden können, ist ein Klassifikationssystem notwendig, um einen knappen Überblick zu erhalten. Der Artikel stellt ein solches Klassifikationssystem vor, das zur Wirkungsforschung im Rahmen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland entwickelt wurde. Neu ist die Kombination einer Analyse regionaler Determinanten mit einem standardisierten Klassifikationsansatz. Das Verfahren löst damit zwei Probleme vieler Klassifikationsschemata, zum einen ihre rein deskriptive Natur und zum anderen ihre Interpretation in Bezug auf willkürlich gewählte Klassifikations-Variablen. Mithilfe des vorgestellten Verfahrens werden zwölf Typen identifiziert, die die regionale Diversität der Arbeitsmärkte in Deutschland illustrieren. (IAB

Blended Learning for Secondary Schools in Nam Dinh Province to Satisfy New Standards: The Current Situation and Proposed Models

We offered blended learning models for high schools in Nam Dinh province to satisfy Vietnam's new criteria. These models were based on general approaches to issues, theoretical research, and field research based on surveys and anket questionnaires conducted throughout the area. The results of a survey demonstrate that high school teachers in Nam Dinh have gained a fundamental grasp of blended learning and have, in practice, embraced both online and face-to-face instruction, particularly during the height of the Covid-19 outbreak. However, there was not a standard model for blended learning, therefore it was only used by a few persons. In other contexts, the concept of "blended learning" referred to what was effectively a face-to-face session that was broadcast over the Internet without the necessary adjustments being made to the content, methodology, or evaluation. As a result, we offer a number of different ways to blended learning for high schools in Nam Dinh in order to improve the quality of education provided throughout the province

Identification of white rot fungus CP9 and its potential application in biopulping

Wood-rotting fungi represent an important component of forest ecosystems. Among them, white-rot fungi are the most efficient lignin degraders. Biopulping using white-rot fungi in pretreatment of the materials, is one of the solutions to overcome disadvantages of traditional production methods. Today, the isolation and screening of lignin degrading fungi capable for application in biopulping are of keen interest in Vietnam. The use of non–wood, plant fibres in pulp and paper industry, special, agricultural residuces such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane baggase, cornstalks etc is the new production toward, potential, serving sustainable development. The fungus CP9, which possessed high ligninolytic activity, was identified and studied in pretreatment of rice straw for biopulping. The fruiting bodies of strain CP9 were effuse on trunk. The hymenium was porous and brown white with short tubes, the white mycelia penetrated wood block. The colony was off-white, blossom, irregularly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside lignin, this fungus could degrade other substrates such as casein, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Biological and morphological characteristics of the fungus CP9 suggested its placement in subdivision Basidiomycota. Combined with the results of phylogenetic analysis, which showed 99% similarity of the fungus with species Leiotrametes lactinea, our strain was named as Leiotrametes lactinea CP9. This fungus could grow well on rice straw under solid state fermentation. Pretreatment of rice straw using L. lactinea CP9 was based on the activity of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase. After 20 days, the residual enzyme activity was of 21.6 and 18.4 nkat/g material for lignin peroxidase and laccase, respectively. Pretreatment significantly improved the quality of straw, as lignin loss of 38% while cellulosic fibers were comparatively well preserved

Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalzell (Orchidaceae), new record for the flora of Vietnam

Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalzell is reported for the first time as a new discovery for the flora of Vietnam based on the specimens collected in Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province. The present study provided the detailed characteristics of the species including detailed photographs of the morphological characteristics, the cross section of the leaf, inflorescence axis and root. Furthermore, the information about the species, including distribution, habitat, ecology and conservation status were also provided

The Relationship between Public Debt, Budget Deficit, and Sustainable Economic Development in Developing Countries: The Role of Corruption Control

This study investigates the effects of public debt and budget deficits on the sustainable economic development of developing countries, taking into account the role of control of corruption. The two-step GMM method was applied for unbalanced panel data of 59 developing countries from 2004 to 2015. The study found that public debt and the budget deficit had negative effects on sustainable development, while the effect of control of corruption was positive. Moreover, using interaction terms between control of corruption and public debt and budget deficit, respectively, empirical results showed that controlling corruption limited these adverse effects. Thus, if the objective is to achieve sustainable economic development, developing countries should not see raising public debt or maintaining budget deficits as a strategy for economic development. The study contributes empirical evidence to the theory of debt overhang, crowded effects, and institutional theory in the context of developing countries. The implications are also discussed in this paper

Biological Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Streptomyces

Ham Yen orange (Citrus nobilis Lour) is the highly valuable commercial fruit of Vietnam. With the blooming of fruit production and farming area, this specialty crop is facing threats from several serious diseases; therefore the search for new effective biocontrollers is required to prevent the existing excessive use of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. Endophytic actinomycetes are of great scientific interest due to their high potential of application in agriculture and pharmaceutical research. In this work, endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from a native orange species of Northeast mountainous province Tuyen Quang. Among 49 isolates obtained, the isolate TQR12-4 strongly inhibited test pathogens Colletotrichum truncatum, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. udum. This isolate gave comparatively high biomass yields on different substrates, for example, carboxy methyl cellulose, starch, protein, and chitin, within a wide range of temperature from 15 to 45°C and pH from 4 to 10. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA gene showed that TQR12-4 shared 99% similarity to Streptomyces prasinopilosus; however, it slightly differed from the latter in spore morphology and hence was named as Streptomyces sp. TQR12-4. A thermostable antifungal substance of nonpeptide nature produced by Streptomyces sp. TQR12-4 had MIC against Fusarium udum of 100 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL respective to extract fractions X4 and X5