Increased Uncertainty: Child protection in the era of COVID-19: Early discussions and empirical findings from Germany

The Covid-19 pandemic is turning the world upside down, affecting almost all private and public domains, including child protection. In order to shed some light on the consequences of the early months of the pandemic for organized child protection, the project "Child and Youth Welfare Services and Social Change" at the German Youth Institute (www.dji.de/jhsw) conducted a brief online survey of local Children and Youth Welfare Authorities in spring 2020. In order to frame and contextualise the empirical findings, we also conducted a narrative review of the professional discourse in spring and summer 2020. The results of our study have already been widely disseminated in the national context (e.g. Mairhofer et al. 2020, 2021 a,b,c). In addition, the final report of the study was translated into Croatian language on behalf of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia. With this report we would like to make selected results of our study and our literature research also available to a more general international audience. Although our survey investigated several facets of child and youth welfare services, this article only presents selected findings relating to child protection and positions them in the context of further reflections on child protection in times of pandemic. Child protection is characterized by a high degree of complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. What is already true under "normal" conditions is even truer in the current exceptional pandemic situation, as will be shown in this article. The pandemic has acted as a multiplier, intensifying the structural challenges of organized child protection. This finding follows from a narrative review of literature and empirical results of our nationwide survey of local Child and Youth Welfare Authorities

Ergebnisse der Erhebung bei Einrichtungen der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit

ERGEBNISSE DER ERHEBUNG BEI EINRICHTUNGEN DER OFFENEN KINDER- UND JUGENDARBEIT Ergebnisse der Erhebung bei Einrichtungen der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit / Seckinger, Mike (Rights reserved) ( -

Strontium isotopes in Chilean rivers : the flux of unradiogenic continental Sr to seawater

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Chemical Geology 268 (2009): 337-343, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.013.Analyses of Chilean river waters indicate that the average yield of unradiogenic Sr (~ 517 mol Sr km− 2 yr− 1, 87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.7057) from western South America (1,220,853 km2) into the southeastern Pacific Ocean is ~ 2–4 times higher than that from Iceland (~ 110 mol Sr km − 2 yr− 1, 87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.7025) and the Deccan traps, but lower than fluxes of unradiogenic Sr from ocean islands in the Lesser Antilles and Réunion. The Sr flux from western South America accounts for about 1.8% of the annual dissolved Sr delivered to the ocean via rivers. If Chilean rivers analyzed in this study accurately characterize runoff from western South America, active convergent continental margins release about as much unradiogenic Sr to seawater as a 0–1 Myr old mid-ocean ridge segment of equivalent length. Modulations of the flux of unradiogenic Sr from active margins over geologic time scales have to be considered as an additional driving force of change in the marine Sr isotope record, supplementing temporal variations in the submarine hydrothermal flux as a source of unradiogenic Sr to seawater. Such modulations can be driven by changes in the surface exposure of volcanic arc terrains, changes in climate, ocean currents and geographic latitude due to plate tectonics, as well as topographic changes that can affect local rainfall, runoff and erosion.We acknowledge financial 302 support from NSF grant EAR-0519387, from WHOI’s Mary Sears Visitor Program, and thank the German DAAD for travel support for KF

Fachkräftebarometer Frühe Bildung 2017

Das Fachkräftebarometer Frühe Bildung 2017 präsentiert auf Basis der amtlichen Daten aktuelle Zahlen zu Arbeitsmarkt, Ausbildung und Personal in der Frühpädagogik. Die vorliegende Ausgabe untersucht zudem schwerpunktmäßig die Frage, wie der starke Personalausbau die Zusammensetzung der Beschäftigten hinsichtlich Alter, Gender und Migrationshintergrund verändert hat. Darüber hinaus beleuchtet die Autorengruppe erstmals die Entwicklungen der Kita-Teams vor dem Hintergrund der jüngsten Veränderungen des Arbeitsfeldes. (DIPF/Orig.

Fachkräftebarometer Frühe Bildung 2019

Nach 2014 und 2017 erscheint 2019 zum dritten Mal das Fachkräftebarometer Frühe Bildung. Es bietet eine umfassende Bestandsaufnahme zur Situation des Personals und zu den Entwicklungen im Ausbildungssystem sowie einen vergleichenden Blick auf den Arbeitsmarkt der Kindertagesbetreuung. Grundlage sind überwiegend Daten der amtlichen Statistik, die in Zeitreihen deutschlandweit und auch in Ländervergleichen aufbereitet wurden. (DIPF/Orig.

Constraining the marine strontium budget with natural strontium isotope fractionations (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr*, δ^88/86Sr) of carbonates, hydrothermal solutions and river waters

We present strontium (Sr) isotope ratios that, unlike traditional 87Sr/86Sr data, are not normalized to a fixed 88Sr/86Sr ratio of 8.375209 (defined as δ88/86Sr = 0 relative to NIST SRM 987). Instead, we correct for isotope fractionation during mass spectrometry with a 87Sr–84Sr double spike. This technique yields two independent ratios for 87Sr/86Sr and 88Sr/86Sr that are reported as (87Sr/86Sr*) and (δ88/86Sr), respectively. The difference between the traditional radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr normalized to 88Sr/86Sr = 8.375209) and the new 87Sr/86Sr* values reflect natural mass-dependent isotope fractionation. In order to constrain glacial/interglacial changes in the marine Sr budget we compare the isotope composition of modern seawater ((87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)Seawater) and modern marine biogenic carbonates ((87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)Carbonates) with the corresponding values of river waters ((87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)River) and hydrothermal solutions ((87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)HydEnd) in a triple isotope plot. The measured (87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)River values of selected rivers that together account for not, vert, similar18% of the global Sr discharge yield a Sr flux-weighted mean of (0.7114(8), 0.315(8)‰). The average (87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)HydEnd values for hydrothermal solutions from the Atlantic Ocean are (0.7045(5), 0.27(3)‰). In contrast, the (87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)Carbonates values representing the marine Sr output are (0.70926(2), 0.21(2)‰). We estimate the modern Sr isotope composition of the sources at (0.7106(8), 0.310(8)‰). The difference between the estimated (87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)input and (87Sr/86Sr*, δ88/86Sr)output values reflects isotope disequilibrium with respect to Sr inputs and outputs. In contrast to the modern ocean, isotope equilibrium between inputs and outputs during the last glacial maximum (10–30 ka before present) can be explained by invoking three times higher Sr inputs from a uniquely “glacial” source: weathering of shelf carbonates exposed at low sea levels. Our data are also consistent with the “weathering peak” hypothesis that invokes enhanced Sr inputs resulting from weathering of post-glacial exposure of abundant fine-grained material