118 research outputs found
Can urban trees be profitable from a timber production perspective
I detta arbete har undersökts om stadens trÀd kan göras till en mindre kostnad för den kommunala förvaltningen, genom skötsel som ökar virkesintÀkterna. Genom att öka andelen stadstrÀd som skapar netto intÀkter skulle kommunerna lÀttare kunna motivera en ökad mÀngd trÀd och skog i stadsmiljön. Arbetet har fokuserat pÄ att identifiera trÀdarter som idag Àr relativt vanligt förekommande i stÀder och samtidigt har en potential att utveckla virkeskvalitéer som generar nettointÀkter för kommunala förvaltningar. Vidare har arbetet försökt belysa vilka enklare insatser inom ramen för en kommunal förvaltning som skulle kunna öka trÀdens ekonomiska vÀrden nÀr de Àr mogna för avverkning. Baserat pÄ litteraturstudier och en intervjustudie med nio kommunala förvaltare har följande resultat och slutsatser framkommit i arbetet:
⹠MÄnga kommuner gör idag inga aktiva ÄtgÀrder för att öka vÀrdet pÄ sitt vÀxande skogsbestÄnd.
⹠Raka och kvistfria stammar av samtliga undersöka trÀdarter betingar ett större vÀrde Àn stockar dÀr inga vÀrdehöjande insatser utförts.
⹠FörsÀljning av smÄ volymer Àr svÄrt dÄ industrin siktar in sig pÄ stora volymer vilket försvÄrar möjligheterna för att skapa virkesintÀkter frÄn den urbana skogen.
⹠Det finns idag rimliga möjligheter för avsÀttning av tall, gran, asp, ask, björk, ek, bok och lÀrk frÄn den urban skogen men det borde Àven finnas en potential för finare kvalitéer av tex lönn, rönn och fÄgelbÀr.
⹠Stamkvistning samt selektiv gallring och röjning Àr de skötselingrepp som verkar ha störst potential som virkeshöjande ÄtgÀrder för den urbana skogen, speciellt i de fall dessa ÀndÄ utförs av andra skÀl som t.ex. förbÀttrad genomsikt.
⹠MÄnga av de tillfrÄgade kommunerna upparbetade delar av de finare virkesstockarna sjÀlva för att anvÀnda det inom den egna verksamheten, vilket indirekt skulle kunna utgöra ett incitament för att sköta fram vissa virkeskvalitéer.
⹠Ytterligare kunskap kring flerskiktade blandskogar och hyggesfria metoder i relation till den urbana skogen och virkesproduktion vore önskvÀrt med tanke pÄ att dessa angreppssÀtt troligen kommer bli mer efterfrÄgade med en fortsatt ökande urbanisering.
⹠Merparten av de kommuner som ansÄgs ligga i framkant kring skötseln av stadsnÀra skog anvÀnde sig av egen personal eller nÀra samarbete med lokala entreprenörer
Personers erfarenheter av akutsjukvÄrd pÄ akutmottagningen. En litteraturstudie.
MÄnga personer uppsöker en akutmottagning varje Är. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva personers erfarenhet av akutsjukvÄrd pÄ akutmottagningen. I litteraturstudien anvÀndes fem kvalitativa artiklar, fem kvantitativa och en med bÄda metoderna. Kategorierna bemötande, miljö och behandling identifierades. I resultatet framkom det att flera patienter upplevde brister i bemötande dÀr de inte blev sedda eller behandlade med respekt och dÀr vÄrdpersonalen inte visade intresse för patientens situation. Miljön pÄ akutmottagningen ansÄgs ha flera brister dÀr miljön inte var anpassad för barn eller Àldre och integriteten hotades nÀr patienternas information riskerades att spridas. VÀntetiden varierade och mÄnga av patienterna upplevde en lÄng vÀntan utan att veta varför de vÀntar. Patientens delaktighet togs inte alltid hÀnsyn till och smÀrtbehandlingen fungerade inte optimalt
Birth weight and grip strength in young Swedish males: a longitudinal matched sibling analysis and across all body mass index ranges
Low birth weight is associated with a lower grip strength later in life. However, associations between birth weight among infants born at-term and factors driving associations between birth weight and grip strength are largely unknown. A cohort of 144,369 young men born at-term, including 10,791 individuals who had at least one male sibling/s, were followed until conscription where they performed a grip strength test. We used linear and non-linear regression analyses in the full cohort, and fixed-effects regression analyses in the sibling cohort, to address confounding by factors that are shared between siblings. After adjustment, each unit increase in birth weight z-score was associated with increases of 17.7 (95% CI, 17.2-18.2) and 13.4 (10.1-16.6) newton grip strength, which converts to approximately 1.8 and 1.4 kilogram-force in the full and within-families cohorts, respectively. The associations did not vary with young adulthood BMI. Birth weight, within the at-term range, is robustly positively associated with grip strength in young adulthood among men across all BMI categories and associations appears to be mainly driven by factors that are not shared between siblings. These findings underline the importance of recognizing the influence of low birth weight, also within the at-termrange, on young adulthood muscle strength
Effects of albuminuria-lowering treatments on inflammation markers:A post hoc analysis from the ROTATE trials
Overall and inter-individual effect of four different drug classes on soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Aim: To evaluate the effect of four different drug classes on soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a biomarker active in multiple inflammatory processes and a risk factor for complications, in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted post hoc analyses of a randomized, open-label, crossover trial including 26 adults with type 1 and 40 with type 2 diabetes with urinary albumin-creatinine ratio â„30 and â€500 mg/g assigned to 4-week treatments with telmisartan 80 mg, empagliflozin 10 mg, linagliptin 5 mg and baricitinib 2 mg, separated by 4-week washouts. Plasma suPAR was measured before and after each treatment. SuPAR change after each treatment was calculated and, for each individual, the best suPAR-reducing drug was identified. Subsequently, the effect of the best individual drug was compared against the mean of the other three drugs. Repeated-measures linear mixed-effects models were employed. Results: The baseline median (interquartile range) plasma suPAR was 3.5 (2.9, 4.3) ng/mL. No overall effect on suPAR levels was observed for any one drug. The individual best-performing drug varied, with baricitinib being selected for 20 participants (30%), followed by empagliflozin for 19 (29%), linagliptin for 16 (24%) and telmisartan for 11 (17%). The individual best-performing drug reduced suPAR by 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7, 22.8; P = 0.007). The difference in suPAR response between the individual best-performing drug and the other three was â19.7% (95% CI â23.1, â16.3; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrated no overall effect of 4-week treatment with telmisartan, empagliflozin, linagliptin or baricitinib on suPAR. However, individualization of treatment might significantly reduce suPAR levels.</p
Overall and inter-individual effect of four different drug classes on soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Aim: To evaluate the effect of four different drug classes on soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a biomarker active in multiple inflammatory processes and a risk factor for complications, in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted post hoc analyses of a randomized, open-label, crossover trial including 26 adults with type 1 and 40 with type 2 diabetes with urinary albumin-creatinine ratio â„30 and â€500 mg/g assigned to 4-week treatments with telmisartan 80 mg, empagliflozin 10 mg, linagliptin 5 mg and baricitinib 2 mg, separated by 4-week washouts. Plasma suPAR was measured before and after each treatment. SuPAR change after each treatment was calculated and, for each individual, the best suPAR-reducing drug was identified. Subsequently, the effect of the best individual drug was compared against the mean of the other three drugs. Repeated-measures linear mixed-effects models were employed. Results: The baseline median (interquartile range) plasma suPAR was 3.5 (2.9, 4.3) ng/mL. No overall effect on suPAR levels was observed for any one drug. The individual best-performing drug varied, with baricitinib being selected for 20 participants (30%), followed by empagliflozin for 19 (29%), linagliptin for 16 (24%) and telmisartan for 11 (17%). The individual best-performing drug reduced suPAR by 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7, 22.8; P = 0.007). The difference in suPAR response between the individual best-performing drug and the other three was â19.7% (95% CI â23.1, â16.3; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrated no overall effect of 4-week treatment with telmisartan, empagliflozin, linagliptin or baricitinib on suPAR. However, individualization of treatment might significantly reduce suPAR levels.</p
Real-time Accelerator Diagnostic Tools for the MAX IV Storage Rings
In this paper, beam diagnostic and monitoring tools developed by the MAX IV
Operations Group are discussed. In particular, new beam position monitoring and
accelerator tunes visualization software tools, as well as tools that directly
influence the beam quality and stability are introduced. An availability and
downtime monitoring application is also presented
The neuroendocrine phenotype, genomic profile and therapeutic sensitivity of GEPNET cell lines
Experimental models of neuroendocrine tumour disease are scarce, and no comprehensive characterisation of existing gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (GEPNET) cell lines has been reported. In this study, we aimed to define the molecular characteristics and therapeutic sensitivity of these cell lines. We therefore performed immunophenotyping, copy number profiling, whole-exome sequencing and a large-scale inhibitor screening of seven GEPNET cell lines. Four cell lines, GOT1, P-STS, BON-1 and QGP-1, displayed a neuroendocrine phenotype while three others, KRJ-I, L-STS and H-STS, did not. Instead, these three cell lines were identified as lymphoblastoid. Characterisation of remaining authentic GEPNET cell lines by copy number rofiling showed that GOT1, among other chromosomal alterations, harboured losses on chromosome 18 encompassing the SMAD4 gene, while P-STS had a loss on 11q. BON-1 had a homozygous loss of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and QGP-1 harboured amplifications of MDM2 and HMGA2. Whole-exome sequencing revealed both disease-characteristic mutations (e.g. ATRX mutation in QGP-1) and, for patient tumours, rare genetic events (e.g. TP53 mutation in P-STS, BON-1 and QGP-1). A large-scale inhibitor screening showed that cell lines from pancreatic NETs to a greater extent, when compared to small intestinal NETs, were sensitive to inhibitors of MEK. Similarly, neuroendocrine NET cells originating from the small intestine were considerably more sensitive to a group of HDAC inhibitors. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive characterisation of GEPNET cell lines, demonstrate their relevance as neuroendocrine tumour models and explore their therapeutic sensitivity to a broad range of inhibitors
Validation of Online Versions of Tinnitus Questionnaires Translated into Swedish
BackgroundDue to the lack of objective measures for assessing tinnitus, its clinical evaluation largely relies on the use of questionnaires and psychoacoustic tests. A global assessment of tinnitus burden would largely benefit from holistic approaches that not only incorporate measures of tinnitus but also take into account associated fears, emotional aspects (stress, anxiety, and depression), and quality of life. In Sweden, only a few instruments are available for assessing tinnitus, and the existing tools lack validation. Therefore, we translated a set of questionnaires into Swedish and evaluated their reliability and validity in a group of tinnitus subjects. MethodsWe translated the English versions of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), the Fear of Tinnitus Questionnaire (FTQ), the Tinnitus Catastrophizing Scale (TCS), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-30), and the Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire (TSCHQ) into Swedish. These translations were delivered via the internet with the already existing Swedish versions of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF). Psychometric properties were evaluated by means of internal consistency (Cronbachâs alpha α) and test-retest reliability across a 9-week interval (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ICC, Cohenâs kappa) in order to establish construct as well as clinical validity using a sample of 260 subjects from a population-based cohort.ResultsInternal consistency was acceptable for all questionnaires (α >0.7) with the exception of the âsocial relationshipsâ subscale of the WHOQoL-BREF. Test-retest reliability was generally acceptable (ICC >.70, Cohens Kappa >.60) for the tinnitus-related questionnaires, except for the TFI âsense of controlâ subscale and 15 items of the TSCHQ. Spearmen rank correlations showed that almost all questionnaires on tinnitus are significantly related, indicating that these questionnaires measure different aspects of the same construct. The data supported good clinical validity of the tinnitus-related questionnaires. ConclusionOur results suggest that most Swedish adaptations of the questionnaires are suitable for clinical and research settings and should facilitate the assessment of treatment outcomes using a more holistic approach by including measures of tinnitus fears, emotional burden, and quality of life
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