24,024 research outputs found
Note on restoring manifest rotational symmetry in hyperfine and fine structure in light-front QED
We study the part of the renormalized, cutoff QED light-front Hamiltonian
that does not change particle number. The Hamiltonian contains interactions
that must be treated in second-order bound state perturbation theory to obtain
hyperfine structure. We show that a simple unitary transformation leads
directly to the familiar Breit-Fermi spin-spin and tensor interactions, which
can be treated in degenerate first-order bound-state perturbation theory, thus
simplifying analytic light-front QED calculations. To the order in momenta we
need to consider, this transformation is equivalent to a Melosh rotation. We
also study how the similarity transformation affects spin-orbit interactions.Comment: 17 pages, latex fil
Recommended from our members
Composite drill stem of epoxy fiber glass reinforced with boron filaments and a retrievable core liner/sample return container for the Apollo lunar surface drill
Composite drill stem of epoxy fiber glass and boron filaments and lunar core sampling system for Apollo lunar surface dril
Orbital Properties of Sr3Ru2O7 and Related Ruthenates Probed by 17O-NMR
We report a site-separated O-NMR study of the layered perovskite
ruthenate SrRuO, which exhibits nearly two-dimensional transport
properties and itinerant metamagnetism at low temperatures. The local hole
occupancies and the spin densities in the oxygen orbitals are obtained by
means of tight-binding analyses of electric field gradients and anisotropic
Knight shifts. These quantities are compared with two other layered perovskite
ruthenates: the two-dimensional paramagnet SrRuO and the
three-dimensional ferromagnet SrRuO. The hole occupancies at the oxygen
sites are very large, about one hole per ruthenium atom. This is due to the
strong covalent character of the Ru-O bonding in this compound. The magnitude
of the hole occupancy might be related to the rotation or tilt of the RuO
octahedra. The spin densities at the oxygen sites are also large, 20-40% of the
bulk susceptibilities, but in contrast to the hole occupancies, the spin
densities strongly depend on the dimensionality. This result suggests that the
density-of-states at the oxygen sites plays an essential role for the
understanding of the complex magnetism found in the layered perovskite
ruthenates.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Initial bound state studies in light-front QCD
We present the first numerical QCD bound state calculation based on a
renormalization group-improved light-front Hamiltonian formalism. The QCD
Hamiltonian is determined to second order in the coupling, and it includes
two-body confining interactions. We make a momentum expansion, obtaining an
equal-time-like Schrodinger equation. This is solved for quark-antiquark
constituent states, and we obtain a set of self-consistent parameters by
fitting B meson spectra.Comment: 38 pages, latex, 5 latex figures include
On the Size of Hadrons
The form factor and the mean-square radius of the pion are calculated
analytically from a parametrized form of a wave function. The
numerical wave function was obtained previously by solving numerically an
eigenvalue equation for the pion in a particular model. The analytical formulas
are of more general interest than just be valid for the pion and can be
generalized to the case with unequal quark masses. Two different
parametrizations are investigated. Because of the highly relativistic problem,
noticable deviations from a non-relativistic formula are obtained.Comment: 14 pages, minor typos corrected, several points clarified, results
unchange
A new mechanism for negative refraction and focusing using selective diffraction from surface corrugation
Refraction at a smooth interface is accompanied by momentum transfer normal
to the interface. We show that corrugating an initially smooth, totally
reflecting, non-metallic interface provides a momentum kick parallel to the
surface, which can be used to refract light negatively or positively. This new
mechanism of negative refraction is demonstrated by visible light and microwave
experiments on grisms (grating-prisms). Single-beam
all-angle-negative-refraction is achieved by incorporating a surface grating on
a flat multilayered material. This negative refraction mechanism is used to
create a new optical device, a grating lens. A plano-concave grating lens is
demonstrated to focus plane microwaves to a point image. These results show
that customized surface engineering can be used to achieve negative refraction
even though the bulk material has positive refractive index. The surface
periodicity provides a tunable parameter to control beam propagation leading to
novel optical and microwave devices.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures in RevTex forma
Thermocline management of stratified tanks for heat storage
Stratified tanks are useful for maximising the thermal energy efficiency of non-continuous and semi-continuous processes. Liquid at two or more dissimilar temperatures is stored within the same tank to provide a buffer for variations in heating and cooling loads. Control of the thermocline between the hot and cold fluid regions is needed to minimise thermocline growth and maximise operation of the storage tank. An experimental programme using a scale model of an industrial stratified tank (aspect ratio 3.5) and Perspex tank (aspect ratio 8.2) is reported. The behaviour and growth of the hot-cold thermocline under various operating conditions is presented. A siphoning method to re-establish the thermocline without interrupting the use of the tank is tested. Siphoning of the thermocline region from either 20%, 50% or 80% of the tank height is an effective strategy for uninterrupted interface re-establishment. However, the rate and position of siphoning and the load balance of the exit streams are critical variables for minimising the time for effective re-establishment of the two temperature zones
Indicators for comparing performance of irrigated agricultural systems
Irrigated farming / Irrigation systems / Indicators / Performance indexes / Financing / Crop production / Water demand / Water requirements / Prices
- …