Proceedings for the ICASE Workshop on Heterogeneous Boundary Conditions

Domain Decomposition is a complex problem with many interesting aspects. The choice of decomposition can be made based on many different criteria, and the choice of interface of internal boundary conditions are numerous. The various regions under study may have different dynamical balances, indicating that different physical processes are dominating the flow in these regions. This conference was called in recognition of the need to more clearly define the nature of these complex problems. This proceedings is a collection of the presentations and the discussion groups

Embracing Big Brother? State v. A Blue in Color, 1993 Chevrolet PIckup

Embracing Big Brother

Fermipy: An open-source Python package for analysis of Fermi-LAT Data

Fermipy is an open-source python framework that facilitates analysis of data collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Fermipy is built on the Fermi Science Tools, the publicly available software suite provided by NASA for the LAT mission. Fermipy provides a high-level interface for analyzing LAT data in a simple and reproducible way. The current feature set includes methods for extracting spectral energy distributions and lightcurves, generating test statistic maps, finding new source candidates, and fitting source position and extension. Fermipy leverages functionality from other scientific python packages including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, and Astropy and is organized as a community-developed package following an open-source development model. We review the current functionality of Fermipy and plans for future development.Comment: Proc. 35th ICRC, Busan, South Korea, PoS(ICRC2017)82

Parasitological examination of wasting disease in black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii : final report

Black abalone in southern California are afflicted with chronic intestinal infections of a rickettsia-like organism that causes a debilitating and fatal withering syndrome. The hematology of withered animals indicated that cellular degradation and apoptosis occurred in tandem with the · decline and catabolism of abalone tissues. Two types of hemocytes were found in the hemolymph. Type I and Type II Hyalinocytes were distinguished by subtle differences in their cytoplasmic vesicles. Densities of both types of hemocytes declined in abundance, and small, presumptive stem cells increased in abundance with the progression of the disease. No circulating granulocytes were present in hemolymph; but serous cells were present as fixed granulocytes in hemal spaces. Cellular inclusions, dying cells, and vacuolate cells increased in abundance with the disease. An evaluation of cellular immunity resulted in disparate findings associated with serum levels and types of buffer used. In the presence of micronutrients, and divalent metal ions, however, hemocytes from infected abalone showed increased degrees of phagocytosis (percent phagocytosis, and number of yeast particles per hemocyte) compared to hemocytes from uninfected animals. Experimental transmission of the disease was effected in healthy, unexposed abalone held together with asymptomatic, exposed abalone. Clinical signs of infection appeared after 180 days of cohabitation. The chronic nature of the disease progressed relatively unnoticed until 6 to 8 months when infected abalone began to show signs of withering. The withered condition represented an end stage of the disease and probably resulted from starvation caused by rickettsial disruption of the digestive processes

Plimne oscilacije u sjevernom Jadranu: opažanja, modeliranje varijacijskom asimilacijom podataka i linearna plimna dinamika

Fifteen open-sea time-series observations of tidal velocities and tidal bottom pressures for more than six months duration provide a new database for North Adriatic tides. The observations show nearly reversing tidal currents at most locations and increasing tidal-current strength near Istria. Tidal elevation amplitudes and phases respectively increase northwestward and counterclockwise, strongly for semidiurnal tides and weakly for diurnal tides. The data are used for optimal determination of boundary conditions for a linear strong-constraint variational data assimilation model and the resulting average rms difference errors for tidal elevations and currents are below 1 cm and 0.5 cm/s, respectively. The Q factors from the model are 14.0 for M2 and 22.4 for K1, but comparisons between frictional dissipation estimated from the model and from the data suggest that model dissipation values could be too high by a factor of two and Q factors too small. Model potential energy is 1.5 times kinetic energy for M2 and 6.1 times kinetic energy for K1. Observational and modeling results suggest that energy fluxes from Kvarner Bay are significant in the North Adriatic tidal energy balance. M2 energy fluxes support the concept of an incident and reflected Kelvin wave in the North Adriatic with some modification. K1 energy fluxes show a northeastward cross-basin flux near the 50 m isobath where the bathymetric slope is particularly steep, with Kelvin-wave-like structures north of the ridge and departures from Kelvin--wave structure south of the ridge.Petnaest vremenskih nizova mjerenja plimnih struja i pridnenih tlakova na otvorenom moru, u razdoblju duljem od šest mjeseci, predstavlja novu bazu podataka za plimne oscilacije sjevernog Jadrana. Opažanja pokazuju gotovo obrat plimnih struja na većini lokacija i povećanje njihove snage u blizini Istre. Amplitude plimnih denivelacija povećavaju se prema sjeverozapadu, a faze rastu u smjeru suprotno od kazaljke na satu, jako za poludnevnu komponentu, slabo za dnevnu. Podaci su upotrijebljeni za optimalno određivanje rubnih uvjeta u linearnom modelu koji je korišten kao strogi uvjet u varijacijskoj asimilaciji. Dobiveno srednje kvadratno odstupanje za plimne denivelacije je manje od 1 cm, a za plimne struje manje je od 0.5 cm/s. Izračunati Q-faktori za model su 14.0 za M2 komponentu i 22.4 za K1 komponentu, ali usporedbe između disipacije trenjem procijenjene iz modela i iz mjerenja sugerira da su vrijednosti disipacije u modelu prevelike za faktor 2, te da su vrijednosti Q faktora premale. Modelirana potencijalna energija je 1.5 puta veća od kinetičke energije za M2 komponentu i 6.1 puta veća od kinetičke energije za K1 komponentu. Rezultati mjerenja i modela sugeriraju da protoci energije iz Kvarnerskog zaljeva daju značajan doprinos ravnoteži plimne energije u sjevernom Jadranu. Protoci energije M2 komponente podržavaju koncept upadnog i reflektiranog Kelvinovog vala u sjevernom Jadranu uz neke modifikacije. Protoci energije K1 komponente pokazuju poprečni tok u smjeru sjeveroistoka u blizini 50 m izobate gdje je nagib dna osobito strm, sa strukturama sličnima Kelvinovom valu sjeverno od grebena i odstupanja od Kelvinovog vala južno od grebena

Ispravak u radu: „Plimne oscilacije u sjevernom Jadranu: opažanja, modeliranje varijacijskom asimilacijom podataka i linearna plimna dinamika“

A precision/round-off error has been discovered in the tidal analysis routines used in the paper “North Adriatic tides: observations, variational data assimilation modeling, and linear tide dynamics” by J. W. Book, H. Perkins, and M. Wimbush (2009, Geofizika, 26, 115–143). Tidal elevation phases for 12 of the 15 stations are, on average, too low by 3.9° for the diurnal constituents and 7.9° for the semidiurnal constituents in Tabs. 4 and 5. These tables have been corrected and are republished here. The error also had an effect on the input data used for the linear variational data assimilation model, and combined with a nearest neighbor interpolation scheme produced an approximate 15 minute forward shift in time for 6 of the 43 synthesized tidal records. The error produced final model solutions that had tidal elevation phases 3.5° too high for M2, 1.6° too high for K1, and similar matching phase shifts for other semidiurnal and diurnal constituents. The errors in the input data have been corrected, the interpolation scheme has been changed to a piecewise cubic spline method, and the model runs have all been redone. The new model results suggest a minor change in optimal friction parameter, which in turn alters model Q factors and dissipation. However, the original finding that these values are not well determined by this methodology remains true. Model and observational results originally shown in Figs. 5–7 and Figs. 13–14 have slightly changed and are republished here. The main conclusions from the original work regarding Kelvin waves and TRW dynamics for the North Adriatic basin remain unaltered by these corrections.Otkrivena je pogreška zaokruživanja u rutinama za plimnu analizu u radu J. W. Book, H. Perkins i M. Wimbush: „Plimne oscilacije u sjevernom Jadranu: opažanja, modeliranje varijacijskom asimilacijom podataka i linearna plimna dinamika“ (Geofizika, 26, 2009, 115–143). Faze plimnih denivelacija, dane u tablicama 4. i 5., za 12 od 15 postaja podcijenjene su u prosjeku 3,9° za dnevne komponente te 7,9° za poludnevne komponente. Ovdje dajemo tablice s ispravljenim vrijednostima. Greška je utjecala na ulazne podatke koji su korišteni u linearnom modelu za varijacijsku asimilaciju podataka te je, u kombinaciji s interpolacijskom shemom najbližeg susjeda, uzrokovala vremenski pomak unaprijed od približno 15 minuta za 6 od ukupno 43 sintetizirana plimna zapisa. Greška je proizvela konačna modelska rješenja koja su precijenila faze plimnih denivelacija za 3,5° za M2 komponentu, 1,6° za K1 komponentu, te fazne pomake sličnih iznosa kod drugih poludnevnih i dnevnih komponenti. Greške u ulaznim podacima su ispravljene, interpolacijska shema je promijenjena tako da koristi po dijelovima kubne spline-ove te su ponovno provedeni modelski računi. Novi rezultati modela sugeriraju malu promjenu u optimalnom parametru trenja, koji dalje mijenja Q faktore modela i disipaciju. Međutim izvorni nalaz, da te vrijednosti nisu dobro određene ovom metodologijom, ostaje nepromijenjen. Rezultati modela i opažanja, izvorno prikazani na slikama 5.–7. i 13.–14., malo su se promijenili i ovdje su nanovo prikazani. Glavni zaključci iz izvornoga rada u vezi s Kelvinovim valovima i TRW dinamikom u sjevernom Jadranu nakon ovih ispravki ostaju isti

Plimne oscilacije u sjevernom Jadranu: opažanja, modeliranje varijacijskom asimilacijom podataka i linearna plimna dinamika

Fifteen open-sea time-series observations of tidal velocities and tidal bottom pressures for more than six months duration provide a new database for North Adriatic tides. The observations show nearly reversing tidal currents at most locations and increasing tidal-current strength near Istria. Tidal elevation amplitudes and phases respectively increase northwestward and counterclockwise, strongly for semidiurnal tides and weakly for diurnal tides. The data are used for optimal determination of boundary conditions for a linear strong-constraint variational data assimilation model and the resulting average rms difference errors for tidal elevations and currents are below 1 cm and 0.5 cm/s, respectively. The Q factors from the model are 14.0 for M2 and 22.4 for K1, but comparisons between frictional dissipation estimated from the model and from the data suggest that model dissipation values could be too high by a factor of two and Q factors too small. Model potential energy is 1.5 times kinetic energy for M2 and 6.1 times kinetic energy for K1. Observational and modeling results suggest that energy fluxes from Kvarner Bay are significant in the North Adriatic tidal energy balance. M2 energy fluxes support the concept of an incident and reflected Kelvin wave in the North Adriatic with some modification. K1 energy fluxes show a northeastward cross-basin flux near the 50 m isobath where the bathymetric slope is particularly steep, with Kelvin-wave-like structures north of the ridge and departures from Kelvin--wave structure south of the ridge.Petnaest vremenskih nizova mjerenja plimnih struja i pridnenih tlakova na otvorenom moru, u razdoblju duljem od šest mjeseci, predstavlja novu bazu podataka za plimne oscilacije sjevernog Jadrana. Opažanja pokazuju gotovo obrat plimnih struja na većini lokacija i povećanje njihove snage u blizini Istre. Amplitude plimnih denivelacija povećavaju se prema sjeverozapadu, a faze rastu u smjeru suprotno od kazaljke na satu, jako za poludnevnu komponentu, slabo za dnevnu. Podaci su upotrijebljeni za optimalno određivanje rubnih uvjeta u linearnom modelu koji je korišten kao strogi uvjet u varijacijskoj asimilaciji. Dobiveno srednje kvadratno odstupanje za plimne denivelacije je manje od 1 cm, a za plimne struje manje je od 0.5 cm/s. Izračunati Q-faktori za model su 14.0 za M2 komponentu i 22.4 za K1 komponentu, ali usporedbe između disipacije trenjem procijenjene iz modela i iz mjerenja sugerira da su vrijednosti disipacije u modelu prevelike za faktor 2, te da su vrijednosti Q faktora premale. Modelirana potencijalna energija je 1.5 puta veća od kinetičke energije za M2 komponentu i 6.1 puta veća od kinetičke energije za K1 komponentu. Rezultati mjerenja i modela sugeriraju da protoci energije iz Kvarnerskog zaljeva daju značajan doprinos ravnoteži plimne energije u sjevernom Jadranu. Protoci energije M2 komponente podržavaju koncept upadnog i reflektiranog Kelvinovog vala u sjevernom Jadranu uz neke modifikacije. Protoci energije K1 komponente pokazuju poprečni tok u smjeru sjeveroistoka u blizini 50 m izobate gdje je nagib dna osobito strm, sa strukturama sličnima Kelvinovom valu sjeverno od grebena i odstupanja od Kelvinovog vala južno od grebena