Effect of obesity in Independence and balance in people with intelectual disability

Background People with obesity often have problems with postural control. Some studies show that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a higher likelihood of having falls than the general population, with a prevalence in adults of between 29% and 70% (Cox et al., 2010). Currently, there are no studies that show the effects of obesity on independence and balance in people with ID. The objective of our study is analyse, in people with ID, the degree of influence that obesity has on independence with regard to activities of daily living, static and semi-static balance. Therefore, we can compare two groups: obese people and non-obese people. Our hypothesis is that obesity will exercise a negative influence on static and semi-static balance as well as on independence and the development of the activities of daily living. Method In a cross-sectional study, we compared static and semi-static balance in two groups of people with ID: the obese and the non-obese. All those in the sample had a low ID (IQ: 70-50) to mild ID (IQ 50-35). To measure balance we used a single leg balance test (SLBT) with opened eyes and closed eyes, and a functional reach test (FRT). In order to measure levels of dependence we used a Barthel index. The outcome variables were: time in balance in SLBT open eyes/closed eyes), maximum range of FRT and Barthel index. Results and Discussion We found significant differences in all outcome variables between two groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze how obesity affects independence, static balance and semi-static balance in people with ID. However, other studies have analyzed the effects of obesity on the general population (Singh et al., 2009). In both studies (General population: Singh et al. 2009 and people with ID in this study) we observed that obesity can be a determinant of negatively static balance and semi-static balance. Conclussion The main conclusion of this study is that obesity has a negative effect on independence, static balance and semi-static balance in people with ID. These results would have been carried out when we carry out an intervention on people with ID to prevent falls. References - Cox CR, Clemson L, Stancliffe RJ, Durvasula S, Sherrington C. Incidence of and risk factors for falls among adults with an intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2010 Dec;54(12):1045-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01333.x. - Enkelaar L, Smulders E, van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk H, Weerdesteyn V, Geurts AC. Clinical measures are feasible and sensitive to assess balance and gait capacities in older persons with mild to moderate Intellectual Disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Jan;34(1):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.014. - Singh D, Park W, Levy MS, Jung ES. The effects of obesity and standing time on postural sway during prolonged quiet standing. Ergonomics. 2009 Aug;52(8):977-86.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Valorización de la borra del café: producción de biodiesel y 5-hidroximetilfurfural/furfural

VALORIZACIÓN DE LA BORRA DEL CAFÉ: PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIESEL Y 5-HIDROXIMETILFURFURAL/FURFURALUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A comparison of the taphonomic attributes of quarries VM3 and VM4 of the Early Pleistocene site of Venta Micena (Baza Basin, SE Spain)

The site of Venta Micena (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain), a rich Fossil-Lagerstätten of late Early Pleistocene age (1.6-1.5 Ma), preserves a diverse assemblage of large mammals. Up to date, >24,000 skeletal remains have been unearthed from the surface excavated (~400 m2) in the two main quarries of the site, VM3 and VM4, which represents a density of fossils of >60/m2. Although this density is not homogeneously recorded across the 80-120 cm thick VM stratum, which outcrops over ~2.5 km, it suggests that tens of millions of fossils were preserved in the micritic limestones of this lithological unit. VM3 has been interpreted as a den of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the plain that surrounded the Baza paleolake. Taphonomic analyses showed that the hyenas: (i) scavenged the prey hunted by the hypercarnivores, sabertoothed felids and wild dogs; (ii) transported the remains to their communal den as whole carcasses or selected anatomical parts; and (iii) fractured the skeletal parts according to their marrow contents and mineral density, which resulted in well-defined consumption sequences. In the case of VM4, an excavation quarry ~350 m distant from VM3, preliminary taphonomic analyses of the assemblage showed several differences, including: (i) a higher frequency of elements in anatomical connection than in VM3; (ii) a lower proportion of bones tooth-marked by carnivores (5.5%) compared with their frequency in VM3 (29.4%); (iii) a lower proportion of remains with salivary and gastric alterations (0.06% in both cases) than in VM3 (0.34% and 0.15%, respectively); and (iv) a less advanced degree of weathering (90.8% of bones show weathering stage 0 in VM4 compared to 75.9% in VM3).ICAZ Taphonomy Working Group, CSIC, MNCN Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Systematic review of mirror therapy compared with conventional rehabilitation in upper extremity function in stroke survivors

Free to read Background/aim Stroke is a leading cause of disability in developed countries. One of the most widespread techniques in clinical practice is mirror therapy (MT). To determine the effectiveness of MT over other methods of intervention in the recovery of upper limb function in people who have had a stroke. Methods A systematic review was conducted. The search string was established based on the last systematic review about MT that dated from 2009: “upper extremity” OR “upper limb “AND “mirror therapy” AND stroke. For this search Pubmed, Scopus and SciELO databases were used. Results Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review. Recovery of the upper limb, upper limb function and gross manual dexterity were frequently measured in these studies. Conclusions In the primary variables in promoting recovery, MT alone showed better results in acute and chronic stroke patients in upper limb functioning than either conventional rehabilitation (CR) or CR plus MT

Identification of Tools for the Functional and Subjective Assessment of Patients in an Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Review

Aquatic therapy is one of the most common treatments for alleviating musculoskeletal pathologies. Its effectiveness has been evaluated with functional tests and questionnaires. Functional tests are used in aquatic therapy; however, in most cases, they are carried out in a non-aquatic environment and, as such, their results may differ from those of tests performed in an aquatic environment. A systematic review was performed to assess the accuracy of functional tests and patient-reported outcomes to assess aquatic therapy interventions. The authors conducted a literature search in July 2019. In total, 70,863 records were identified after duplicates removed. Of these, 14 records were included about functional tests assessment in aquatic environment and 725 records for questionnaires. The majority of the tests had also been assessed in a dry environment, allowing differences and similarities between the tests in the two environments to be observed. Different variables have been assessed in tests included in the present systematic review (cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular, kinematic, physiological, kinetic responses and rating of perceived exertion) which are included in the manuscript. Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey were the assessments most commonly used by the different authors.Ye

Los yacimientos del pleistoceno y el primer poblamiento humano de Europa(II): inferencias poblacionales y estrategias de subsistencia de los homínidos

García-Aguilar, J.M., Espigares, M.P., Guerra-Merchán, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, G., Jiménez-Arenas, J.M., Martínez-Navarro, B., Ros-Montoya, S., Pérez-Claros, J.A., Figueirido, B. y Palmqvist, P. (2016). Los yacimientos del Pleistoceno inferior de la cuenca de Baza y el primer poblamiento humano de Europa (ii): inferencias poblacionales y estrategias de subsistencia de los homininos. Actas de las XXXII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología / editores, Guillermo Meléndez, Alizia Núñez y Marta Tomás. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, 347-352Los yacimientos paleontológicos de Barranco León-D y Fuente Nueva-3 (cuenca de Baza, sureste de España), proporcionan las evidencias más tempranas (~1,4 Ma) de presencia humana en Europa occidental durante el Pleistoceno inferior. En este trabajo analizamos las inferencias demográficas derivadas de: (1) las densidades de población estimadas para las especies de consumidores secundarios conservadas en las tafocenosis de grandes mamíferos de estos yacimientos; y (2) las estimaciones cartográficas del área habitable por los mamíferos terrestres, basadas en la reconstrucción paleogeográfica de los ambientes sedimentarios de la cuenca en los momentos de nivel alto (highstand) y bajo (lowstand) de los sistemas lacustres en el Calabriense. Tales estimaciones permiten calcular el tamaño de la primera población humana que ocupó la depresión de Guadix-Baza. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la extensión de los ambientes habitables oscilaría entre 3783 km2 (highstand) y 4709 km2 (lowstand). Considerando una densidad media de 0,12 individuos por km2, la población humana estaría formada por 454-565 individuos, lo que equivaldría a aproximadamente 10-15 grupos humanos, por lo que su viabilidad temporal se vería comprometidaUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes