ACOLHIMENTO E CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM: UM ESTUDO FENOMENOLÓGICO

The objective of this study was to identify the acknowledgement of welcoming as a form of nursing care in the experience of primary care nurses. This is a qualitative research, guided by Alfred Schutz' social phenomenology. The participants were nine nurses working in health centers in the city of Campinas-SP, Brazil. The fieldwork took place through interviews in 2013 and data were analyzed according to the steps of social phenomenology researchers. It was identified in the research that the nurses were capable of recognizing the translation of welcoming into qualified listening, humanization, accountability and commitment to the needs of the other. In practice, however, welcoming was not acknowledged as nursing care and was characterized by occasional, fragmented and complaint-oriented visits. For this action to be acknowledged as nursing care, the nurses need to focus on relational care.Objetivou-se identificar o reconhecimento do acolhimento como forma de cuidado de enfermagem na experiência do enfermeiro que atua na atenção primária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pela vertente fenomenológica social de Alfred Schutz. Participaram nove enfermeiros que trabalhavam em centros de saúde do município de Campinas-SP, Brasil. O trabalho de campo ocorreu por meio de entrevista no ano de 2013, cujas informações foram analisadas conforme os passos de pesquisadores da fenomenologia social. Identificou-se que os enfermeiros eram capazes de reconhecer a tradução do acolhimento em escuta qualificada, humanização, responsabilização e comprometimento com as necessidades do outro, entretanto, na prática, esta ação não era reconhecida como um cuidado de enfermagem e se caracterizava por atendimentos pontuais, fragmentados e direcionados à queixa. Para que tal ação seja reconhecida como um cuidado de enfermagem, o enfermeiro necessita enfocar o cuidado relacional.25

Acolhimento e cuidado de enfermagem: um estudo fenomenológico

The objective of this study was to identify the acknowledgement of welcoming as a form of nursing care in the experience of primary care nurses. This is a qualitative research, guided by Alfred Schutz' social phenomenology. The participants were nine nurses working in health centers in the city of Campinas-SP, Brazil. The fieldwork took place through interviews in 2013 and data were analyzed according to the steps of social phenomenology researchers. It was identified in the research that the nurses were capable of recognizing the translation of welcoming into qualified listening, humanization, accountability and commitment to the needs of the other. In practice, however, welcoming was not acknowledged as nursing care and was characterized by occasional, fragmented and complaint-oriented visits. For this action to be acknowledged as nursing care, the nurses need to focus on relational care251Objetivou-se identificar o reconhecimento do acolhimento como forma de cuidado de enfermagem na experiência do enfermeiro que atua na atenção primária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pela vertente fenomenológica social de Alfred Schutz. Participaram nove enfermeiros que trabalhavam em centros de saúde do município de Campinas-SP, Brasil. O trabalho de campo ocorreu por meio de entrevista no ano de 2013, cujas informações foram analisadas conforme os passos de pesquisadores da fenomenologia social. Identificou-se que os enfermeiros eram capazes de reconhecer a tradução do acolhimento em escuta qualificada, humanização, responsabilização e comprometimento com as necessidades do outro, entretanto, na prática, esta ação não era reconhecida como um cuidado de enfermagem e se caracterizava por atendimentos pontuais, fragmentados e direcionados à queixa. Para que tal ação seja reconhecida como um cuidado de enfermagem, o enfermeiro necessita enfocar o cuidado relaciona

A pilot study using imitation and storytelling scenarios as activities for labelling emotions by children with autism using a humanoid robot

In this paper we present a child-robot interaction pilot study, focusing on recognizing and labelling emotions displayed by a humanoid robot. ZECA (Zeno Engaging Children with Autism) has a special skin covering its face which allows the display of facial expressions representing five emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and surprise. These facial expressions were used in two different game scenarios, involving imitation and storytelling activities. The goal of these scenarios is to help the child acquire knowledge about different emotions and to improve their skill in recognizing them. The results show that these scenarios are appropriate for the goal established for this study, and positive behaviours concerning non-verbal communication were observed. This exploratory study demonstrated the possible positive outcomes this child-robot interaction can produce and highlighted the issues regarding data collection and their analysis that will inform future studies.This work has been supported by FCT Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia in the scope of the project: PEst-OE/EEI/UI0319/2014. The authors are grateful to the Portuguese Foundation (FCT) for the R&D project RIPD/ADA/109407/2009 and SFRH/BD/71600/2010 scholarship.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Robô Lego & perturbações do espectro do autismo: uma potencial parceria?

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present difficulties in developing social behaviours, in communicating gestural or verbally, and they may present some repetitive motor activities. The objective of this study was to improve social competences and to enable the transfer of acquired skills of five children with ASD and intellectual disabilities using a low-cost Lego robot as a mediator. The proposed methodology was divided in five phases: Familiarization, Pre-test, Practice, Post-Test and Transfer of Skills. The study ran in two sequential periods at different places. Each of these periods tackled different individual research questions and goals (taking into account the target group). During each period, the proposed methodology had to be adjusted according to the current context. Therefore, different experimental scenarios and corresponding specific goals had to be delineated. Results show that joint attention of the children increased over the sessions; and interaction with the researcher was verified. Furthermore, results show that there was an effective transfer of skills in the addressed case studies. This reinforces conclusions that robots seem, in fact, powerful tools that should be explored concerning this target population. But a more detailed study is required. The proposed methodology can be used by professionals and parents as a complement to common interventions.A perturbação do espectro do autismo (PEA) caracteriza-se por dificuldades no desenvolvimento de comportamentos sociais, na comunicação verbal ou gestual, e pela manifestação de atividades motoras repetitivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de melhorar as competências sociais e a transferência das competências de cinco crianças com PEA e deficiência mental associada usando um robô de baixo custo da Lego como um mediador. A metodologia proposta foi dividida em cinco fases: familiarização, pré-teste, prática, pós-teste e transferência de competências. O estudo foi realizado em dois períodos sequenciais em diferentes lugares. Em cada período foram definidas diferentes questões de investigação tendo em conta o grupo-alvo. Os resultados mostram que a atenção conjunta e a interação com o investigador aumentaram ao longo das sessões. Além disso, os resultados indicam que houve uma transferência efetiva de competências nos estudos de caso abordados. Isso reforça as conclusões que o robô da Lego pode ser uma ferramenta adequada a ser explorada com esta população-alvo. No entanto, é necessário um estudo mais detalhado e com uma amostra maior. A metodologia proposta pode ser usada por profissionais e pais como complemento às intervenções tradicionais

Building a game scenario to encourage children with autism to recognize and label emotions using a humanoid robot

This paper presents an exploratory study in which children with autism interact with ZECA (Zeno Engaging Children with Autism). ZECA is a humanoid robot with a face covered with a material allowing the display of varied facial expressions. The study investigates a novel scenario for robot-assisted play, to help promoting labelling of emotions by children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The study was performed during three sessions with two boys diagnosed with ASD. The results obtained from the analysis of the children's behaviours while interacting with ZECA helped us improve several aspects of our game scenario such as the technical specificities of the game and its dynamics, and the experimental setup. The software produced for this study allows the robot to autonomously identify the answers of the child during the session. This automatic identification helped the fluidity of the game and freed the experimenter to participate in triadic interactions with the child. The evaluation of the game scenario that will be used in a future study was the main goal of this pilot study, rather than to quantify and evaluate the performance of the children. Overall, this exploratory study in teaching children about labelling emotions using a humanoid robot embedded in a game scenario demonstrated the possible positive outcomes this child-robot interaction can produce and highlighted the issues regarding data collection and their analysis that will inform future studies.Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia in the scope of the project: PEst-OE/EEI/UI0319/2014. The authors are grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for the R&D project RIPD/ADA/109407/2009 and SFRH/BD/71600/2010 scholarshipinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acogida Y Cuidados De Enfermería: Un Estudio Fenomenológico

The objective of this study was to identify the acknowledgement of welcoming as a form of nursing care in the experience of primary care nurses. This is a qualitative research, guided by Alfred Schutz' social phenomenology. The participants were nine nurses working in health centers in the city of Campinas-SP, Brazil. The fieldwork took place through interviews in 2013 and data were analyzed according to the steps of social phenomenology researchers. It was identified in the research that the nurses were capable of recognizing the translation of welcoming into qualified listening, humanization, accountability and commitment to the needs of the other. In practice, however, welcoming was not acknowledged as nursing care and was characterized by occasional, fragmented and complaint-oriented visits. For this action to be acknowledged as nursing care, the nurses need to focus on relational care.25

Expectativa de enfermeiros brasileiros acerca do acolhimento realizado na atenção primária em saúde

Objetivo Conhecer as expectativas dos enfermeiros brasileiros em relação ao acolhimento realizado por eles na Atenção Primária em Saúde.Método Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, orientado pela vertente da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schutz.Resultados Os enfermeiros relatam que o acolhimento é algo distante da realidade deles, dependente da política, da gestão, da população e da estrutura física do ambiente de trabalho.Conclusão Os achados deste estudo mostraram que a realidade do acolhimento realizado pelo enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde é caracterizada por atendimentos destinados a avaliação de queixas agudas, e que a solução para o acolhimento ser ideal, proporcionar mudanças na relação entre ele e o usuário, eles necessitam de capacidades distantes de sua realidade, o que foi chamado neste estudo de saída mágica. Evidenciou-se que para os enfermeiros a reorganização do acolhimento e de seu processo de trabalho depende somente de fatores externos a suas ações, esquecendo-se do seu compromisso em oferecer um cuidado humanizado e baseado na aplicação de sua competência relacional

An approach to promote social and communication behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders : robot based intervention

Most autistic people present some difficulties in developing social behavior, living in their own world. This study has the goal to improve the social life of children with autism with a main focus in promoting their social interaction and communication. It is necessary to call for children’s attention and enforce their collaboration, where a robot, LEGO MindStorm, behaves as a mediator/promoter of this interaction. A set of experiments designed to share objects and fulfill simple orders, by the 11 years old autistic child at the time of daily routine work and in-game with the robot, are described. The generalization of the acquired skills by the child in new contexts and environments are also tested. Results are described showing the outcomes of the experiments.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - R&D projecto RIPD/ADA/109407/200

Associated factors with the self-care of people with diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with self-care in people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional analytical and exploratory online study with 70 participants, using the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. The clinical and sociodemographic profile was portrayed with a descriptive analysis. Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were used to determine the association between the variables. Results: after regression, the items Physical Activity, Use of Medication and General Diet from the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire showed, respectively, a significant association with the variables Physical Exercise (p<0.001), Occupation (p=0.005) and Age (p=0.01). Conclusion: the physical exercise, medication use and general diet items on the self-care questionnaire were related to the variables of age, occupation, and physical exercise, respectively. Contributions to practice: health services should intensify the investigation of factors associated with the difficulties of people with diabetes, to offer a better quality of life and adequate health promotion for this population

Fatores associados ao risco, à percepção e ao conhecimento de quedas em idosos

Objetivo: Verificar os fatores associados ao risco, percepção e conhecimento de quedas; e dor em idosos.Método: Estudo transversal realizado no Serviço de Emergência de um hospital de ensino da cidade de São Paulo, entre setembro de 2019 e março de 2020, selecionados 197 idosos com 65 anos ou mais, que não estavam desorientados e confusos, de ambos os&nbsp; sexos.Aplicou-se: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Escalas de Queda de Morse e Numérica de Dor. Utilizaram-se testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis.Resultados: Entrevistados com risco alto de quedas apresentaram maior idade (p=0,0041), aqueles com rede de apoio tiveram menor percepção e conhecimento do risco de queda (p=0,0025) e apresentaram menor percentual de dor intensa (p=0,0033).Conclusão: Fatores associados ao risco, percepção e conhecimento de quedas e dor em idosos foram idade, renda familiar, número de dependentes da renda, cuidador, rede de apoio, hipertensão, défice de deambulação, anti-hipertensivos, hipolipemiantes, escolaridade, comorbidades e religião. Palavras-chave: Idoso. Acidentes por quedas. Serviço hospitalar de emergência. Hospitais