Fast batch injection analysis system for on-site determination of ethanol in gasohol and fuel ethanol

AbstractA simple, accurate and fast (180injectionsh−1) batch injection analysis (BIA) system with multiple-pulse amperometric detection has been developed for selective determination of ethanol in gasohol and fuel ethanol. A sample aliquot (100μL) was directly injected onto a gold electrode immersed in 0.5molL−1 NaOH solution (unique reagent). The proposed BIA method requires minimal sample manipulation and can be easily used for on-site analysis. The results obtained with the BIA method were compared to those obtained by gas-chromatography and similar results were obtained (at 95% of confidence level)

Simultaneous determination of ethanol and methanol in fuel ethanol using cyclic voltammetry

AbstractA new and simple strategy for the simultaneous determination of ethanol and methanol in fuel ethanol using cyclic voltammetry at a gold electrode is reported. A fuel ethanol aliquot was added into an electrochemical cell containing 0.5molL−1 NaOH and 0.1% (v/v) of methanol as the electrolyte and both analytes were determined using cyclic voltammetry. Ethanol was selectively detected at +0.19V and both compounds were detected at +1.20V. Current subtraction (using a correction factor) could be used for the selective determination of methanol. The limits of detection were estimated to be 0.028% and 0.045% (v/v) for ethanol and methanol, respectively. The proposed method presented similar results to those obtained by gas chromatography at a 95% confidence level

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Detection of NDM-1, CTX-M-15 and qnrB4-producing Enterobacter 2 hormaechei isolates in Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-01T19:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) polyana_pereiraetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 463789 bytes, checksum: 9029bb00e92e127aff841d59588f718c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes. Departamento de Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde (FEPPS IPB-LACEN-RS)., Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Performance, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and Ingestive Behavior of Young Feedlot Bulls Supplemented with Palm Kernel Oil

Vegetable oils can be used to increase energy density in diets; manipulate rumen fermentation; and alter the capacity for degradation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of confined bulls with the inclusion of 0.0, 11.5, 23.0 and 34.6 g PKO/kg dry matter (DM). The first experiment evaluated nutrient intake, performance, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics. In the second experiment, steers crossbred with a ruminal cannula were used to evaluate digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, short-chain fatty acid levels and protozoal counts. The results showed that the inclusion of PKO linearly reduced intake in kg/day (DM, crude protein—CP, neutral detergent fiber—NDFap, nonfibrous carbohydrates—NFC and total digestible nutrient—TDN) and digestibility (DM, NDFap and TDN). Ether extract intake increased quadratically with the predicted maximum intake of 15.4 g/kg DM. Regarding ingestive behavior, there was a quadratic increase in rumination time and a quadratic reduction in idle time. Nitrogen balance, nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention, microbial protein production, acetate, butyrate, acetate/propionate ratio and protozoa count showed linear decreases due to dietary PKO inclusion. Regarding the carcass characteristics, linear decreases were observed for the final weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, loin eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness. The inclusion of PKO at up to 34.6 g/kg DM in diets for confined bulls reduces intake, negatively affecting digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics

Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Oil on the Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, and Sensorial Attributes of Young Bull Meat

Lipid supplementation through vegetable oils in diets for ruminants can be a nutritional strategy to increase energy density, manipulate ruminal fermentation and change the physicochemical composition and sensorial properties of meat. This study evaluated the optimal dietary inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) for Nellore bulls on meat quality. The diets consisted of 0.0, 11.5, 23.0, and 34.6 g/kg dry matter (DM) PKO levels. PKO inclusion did not influence the centesimal composition, pH, color indices, water holding capacity, cooking loss, or shear force of the beef. There were linear increases in the concentrations of lauric acid (C12:0) and myristic acid (C14:0) in the bull’s meat. However, palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:0), vaccenic acid (t-11–C18:1) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), ∑n − 6, ∑n − 3, ∑n − 6/∑n 3, the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio of the fatty acid content, and the thrombogenicity index were not affected. There were linear reductions in the oleic acid meat concentration (c-9–C18:1) and elongated enzymatic activity when PKO was added to the bull diet. The atherogenicity index increased linearly due to PKO inclusion in the bull diet. No effect of the inclusion of PKO on meat flavor, perception of tenderness, juiciness, or global acceptance from the sensorial evaluation was recorded. The inclusion of PKO up to 34.6 g/kg DM can be recommended to supplement young bulls with no effects on meat composition and quality characteristics

Consumo, digestibilidade aparente total, produção e composição do leite em vacas no terço médio da lactação alimentadas com níveis crescentes de proteína bruta no concentrado Intake, total apparent digestibility, milk production and composition in mid lactation cows fed with increasing levels of crude protein in the concentrate

Avaliaram-se os consumos, as digestibilidades aparentes dos nutrientes e a produção e composição do leite de vacas no terço médio da lactação recebendo dietas contendo níveis crescentes de proteína bruta (PB) no concentrado (20; 23; 26 e 29% da matéria natural - MN). Foram utilizadas 12 vacas em lactação da raça Holandesa, puras e mestiças, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos (4x4). Foram utilizados quatro períodos de 15 dias cada, sendo uma semana considerada de adaptação. A dieta consistiu de 70% de silagem de milho como volumoso e 30% de concentrado. Os consumos e as digestibilidades da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHOT), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) e o consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) não foram alterados, enquanto o consumo e a digestibilidade de PB aumentaram em função dos níveis de PB no concentrado. A produção de leite (PL) corrigida para 3,5% de gordura, as quantidades de gordura e proteína no leite aumentaram linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de PB no concentrado. No entanto, a PL de 19,21 kg/dia e a PL corrigida para 3,5% de gordura de 20,74 kg/dia para o nível de 23% de PB na MN do concentrado, foram muito próximas daquelas obtidas nos níveis de 26 e 29% de PB no concentrado. O concentrado contendo 23% de PB na MN utilizado na proporção de 30%, que correspondeu a 12,3% de PB na MS da dieta total, proporcionou melhor eficiência na produção de leite em vacas produzindo em média 20 kg/dia de leite no terço médio da lactação e alimentadas com silagem de milho na proporção de 70% na MS da dieta total.<br>Intake, total apparent digestibility of nutrients and milk production and composition were evaluated in mid lactation cows fed with increasing levels of crude protein (CP) in the concentrate (20, 23, 26 and 29% natural matter-NM). Twelve Holstein crossbred lactating cows were assigned to three latin square (4x4), in four periods of 15 days each (one week of adaptation). The feeding consisted of 70% of corn silage and 30% of concentrate. Intakes and digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TCHO), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were not altered, while CP intake and digestibility increased in response to CP levels in the concentrate. Corrected milk production (MP) for 3.5% fat, fat and protein concentrations in milk increased linearly with an increasing of CP levels in the concentrate. Nonetheless, for CP levels of 23% in the natural matter of the concentrate, MP of 19.21 kg/day and corrected MP for 3.5% fat of 20.74 kg/day were very close to the values obtained for 26 and 29% CP levels in the concentrate. The 23% CP level in the natural matter of the concentrate, in a proportion of 30%, correspondent to 12.3% of CP in DM, showed better results of milk production. Average milk production for mid lactation cows fed with corn silage was of 20 kg/day