Ketidaklaziman Kolokasi Pembelajar Bipa dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa

Unacceptable Collocations by Learners of Indonesian as a ForeignLanguage and the Implication in Language Learning. Foreign language learners\u27ability to collocate words that are natural and acceptable in the target language isimportant in foreign language learning; however, it is notoriously difficult forforeign language learners and sometimes makes them frustrated. This studyattempts to describe the negative transfer of English collocations into Indonesiancollocations made by learners of Indonesian as a foreign language in their writingassignments. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method. The data werecollected from 36 writing assignments by 12 learners whose mother tongue isEnglish. They were trainee teachers with experience in teaching Indonesian inAustralia. The finding shows that there are 176 unnatural Indonesian collocations,some of which are negative transfers of learners\u27 mother tongue. This suggests thatdirect teaching of collocations should be given special emphasis in teachingIndonesian as a foreign language

The relationship between information technology and competitive advantages among small and medium tourism enterprises: Kota Kinabalu, Sabah / Leviana Andrew

Understanding how IT contributes to enterprises’ competitive advantages has long been of interest. While IT improved the business operation and communication to the extent that some enterprises managed to be competitive through the utilization of IT system, some enterprises seemed do not benefit from it. This study seeks to clarify the relationship between IT and competitive advantages among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia by focusing on tour and travel agents in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Several theories such as the resource-based view, market-based view and Porter’s model of competitiveness are discussed to further explain the association between these two variables. IT Infrastructure, IT Capability Agent and IT Competencies are the elements of IT while Customer Service, Low Cost, Agility, Innovation and Differentiation are the elements of competitive advantages that were included in this study. The element of strategic planning is added in the relationship as a moderator to the relationship between variables. A total of 111 responses from 364 distributed questionnaires were used for the analysis of this study. Factor analysis extracted one more factor in IT elements which is Modularity and deleted out the element of agility from competitive advantages. The results showed that the relationship between IT and competitive advantages is positive, high and significant; with element IT Infrastructure has the most influence on competitive advantages. However, the result of hierarchical regression analysis suggested that strategic planning does not moderate the relationship but it is more of a factor contributing to competitive advantages. These results showed the importance of integrating IT into business operation to meet information processing demands in dynamic environments. Further, this paper provides both theoretical and managerial implications for the industry and suggestions for future research

The period of a Morse system obtained by FPA with <i>M</i> = 200, <i>h</i> = 0.01, and the precision we use is 2000 bits.

<p>The period of a Morse system obtained by FPA with <i>M</i> = 200, <i>h</i> = 0.01, and the precision we use is 2000 bits.</p

The variable <i>p</i> obtained by FPA and direct simulation for a Morse system.

<p>The variable <i>p</i> obtained by FPA and direct simulation for a Morse system.</p

The loops used in the different schemes.

<p>The loops used in the different schemes.</p

The period of a mathematical pendulum system obtained by FPA with <i>M</i> = 200, <i>h</i> = 0.01, and the precision we use is 2000 bits.

<p>The period of a mathematical pendulum system obtained by FPA with <i>M</i> = 200, <i>h</i> = 0.01, and the precision we use is 2000 bits.</p

The values of <i>π</i> and <i>k</i>.

<p>The values of <i>π</i> and <i>k</i>.</p

Photochemical Cleavage of Benzylic C–O Bond Facilitated by an <i>Ortho</i> or <i>Meta</i> Amino Group

The excited state <i>meta</i> effect, also known as the <i>meta-ortho</i> effect, results from selective electron transmission from an electron-donating group to the <i>meta</i> and <i>ortho</i> sites on an aromatic ring in its first excited singlet state. This effect facilitates photochemical cleavage of benzylic C–O or C–N bond to release the corresponding alcohol, carboxylic acid, or amine when an electron-donating amino group is at the <i>meta</i> position, as demonstrated in our recent work of using a 3-diethylaminobenzyl (DEABn) group as an effective photolabile protecting group (PPG). Herein, we demonstrate that an <i>ortho</i> amino group can also facilitate benzylic C–O bond cleavage to release an alcohol or carboxylic acid. However, an amino group at the <i>meta</i> position results in a PPG with better overall chemical and photochemical properties

Using the 3‑Diethylaminobenzyl Group as a Photocage in Aqueous Solution

We have demonstrated that the 3-diethylaminobenzyl (DEABn) photolabile protecting group (PPG) is an effective and structurally simple PPG for releasing molecules in aqueous environment. In general, the photoreaction is clean, and the released substrate and the PPG product, i.e., 3-diethylaminobenzyl alcohol, are obtained in high yield. The clean photoreaction can also be achieved under mild ambient conditions with sunlight, while the reactant is stable under indoor lighting. Release of two substrates from one PPG chromophore in aqueous solution has been demonstrated to be feasible. We have also compared the uncaging properties of the DEABn and the widely used <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl (<i>o</i>-NB) group, given their comparable structural simplicity. With its clean and efficient photochemical reaction, DEABn should find wide applications, including in the basic and applied research areas where <i>o</i>-NB and its various derivatives are widely used

Oxidation with a Photolabile Carbonyl Protecting Group

A novel oxidation approach utilizing a robust photolabile carbonyl protecting group reagent (<b>1</b>) as the oxidizing reagent has been developed. Different from existing methods, this approach oxidizes primary alcohols to the photosensitive acetals (e.g., <b>3</b>), providing another unique approach to the protected aldehydes. Thus, for the first time, oxidation and protection are achieved in one reaction. Secondary alcohols are oxidized to the corresponding ketones. Moreover, the photolabile protecting group (PPG) also oxidizes ethers and esters. The oxidation is presumably via hydride abstraction by the tritylium ion generated from <b>1</b> under acidic conditions. However, the mechanisms for primary alcohols and secondary alcohols are slightly different