Educação ambiental de base comunitária e a luta pela água

In this article, we propose to reflect on the environmental education that emerges from the conflict over the construction project of the Guapiaçu dam, in Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro. To this end, we start from the perspective of community environmental education developed by the Environmental Education Study Group from the South, especially in the interaction with the Movement of Dam Affected People, for the pursuit of environmental justice. Thus, such meetings unveil the necropolitical bias of this “development” project, that clashes with farmers and with life in this territory. Therefore, we highlight the communityenvironmental education, interwoven from the encounter with the voices and the waters that flow through this environment, as a possible way to confront a necropedagogy that supports such necropolitics.En este artículo, proponemos reflexionar sobre la educación ambiental que surge del conflicto en torno al proyecto para construir la presa de Guapiaçu, en Cachoeiras de Macacu, Río de Janeiro. Para ello, partimos de la perspectiva de la educación ambiental comunitaria, desarrollada por el Grupo de Estudio de Educación Ambiental desde el Sur, en especial en el encuentro con el Movimiento de Afectados por Represas, en busca de la justicia ambiental. Así, tales reuniones revelan el sesgo necropolítico de este proyecto de “desarrollo” que choca con los agricultores y con la vida de este territorio. Por eso, destacamos la educación ambiental comunitaria, tejida a partir del encuentro con las voces y las aguas que fluyen a través de este entorno como una posible forma de enfrentar una necropedagogía que respalda dicha necropolítica.Neste artigo nos propomos a refletir sobre a Educação Ambiental que emerge do conflito em torno do projeto de construção da Barragem do Guapiaçu, em Cachoeiras de Macacu (RJ). Para tanto, partimos da perspectiva de Educação Ambiental de Base Comunitária conforme vem sendo elaborada pelo Grupo de Estudos em Educação Ambiental desde el Sur, da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em aproximações com movimentos sociais e comunidades locais numa busca por Justiça Ambiental. Assim, tais encontros desvelam o viés necropolítico deste projeto de des-envolvimento que entra em choque com agricultores e com a vida deste território. Com isso, destacamos a Educação Ambiental de Base Comunitária tecida a partir do encontro com as vozes e as águas que fluem por este ambiente como um caminho possível para o enfrentamento de uma necropedagogia que sustenta tal necropolítica

Psicossociologia com comunidades: abordagens sentipensantes como emergência na América Latina

En el campo de la Psicosociología se aboga por la reorientación de los procesos intervencionistas, así como por formulaciones psicosociológicas acordes con las exigencias de la situación actual. A través de una revisión bibliográfica, el artículo pretende ensayar perspectivas teóricas y conceptuales sobre los caminos latinoamericanos tomados por Maritza Montero, Maria Inácia D’Ávila Neto, Ignacio Martín-Baró, Paulo Freire y Orlando Fals Borda. Visualizamos la propuesta de un marco donde la Psicosociología no sería una ciencia “de” comunidades, sino más bien “con” comunidades porque se compromete a crear conexiones entre lo individual-psicológico-singular-subjetivo con lo colectivo-social-popular-político, con el fin de abarcar las diferentes influencias existentes en las interacciones comunitarias. Por ello, este trabajo propone reflexionar sobre una lógica contrahegemónica y descolonizante al caminar por senderos suleadoras, sentipensantes y liberadores. En este sentido, reforzamos una “Psicosociología con comunidades” debe buscar fortalecer los encuentros y promover confluencias, engendrando procesos de producción colectiva de conocimiento contextualizado y crítico sobre las realidades comunitarias

Psicossociologia com comunidades: abordagens sentipensantes como emergência na América Latina

En el campo de la Psicosociología se aboga por la reorientación de los procesos intervencionistas, así como por formulaciones psicosociológicas acordes con las exigencias de la situación actual. A través de una revisión bibliográfica, el artículo pretende ensayar perspectivas teóricas y conceptuales sobre los caminos latinoamericanos tomados por Maritza Montero, Maria Inácia D’Ávila Neto, Ignacio Martín-Baró, Paulo Freire y Orlando Fals Borda. Visualizamos la propuesta de un marco donde la Psicosociología no sería una ciencia “de” comunidades, sino más bien “con” comunidades porque se compromete a crear conexiones entre lo individual-psicológico-singular-subjetivo con lo colectivo-social-popular-político, con el fin de abarcar las diferentes influencias existentes en las interacciones comunitarias. Por ello, este trabajo propone reflexionar sobre una lógica contrahegemónica y descolonizante al caminar por senderos suleadoras, sentipensantes y liberadores. En este sentido, reforzamos una “Psicosociología con comunidades” debe buscar fortalecer los encuentros y promover confluencias, engendrando procesos de producción colectiva de conocimiento contextualizado y crítico sobre las realidades comunitarias

Diálogos Insurgentes entre Educação Ambiental e Culturas no Encontro Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental (EPEA)

This article aims to reflect on the theme Environmental Education and Cultures with an emphasis on the works presented since the first Research Meeting in Environmental Education in 2001 until the reflections that occurred in the Research Discussion Group of this research subfield, during the X EPEA of the year 2019. In addition to bringing an account of the discussions, the article focuses on the evolution of the themes of works related to cultures, presented in the first four editions of EPEA (2001-2007), in a modest state of art made using search terms related to the theme, present in their abstracts. We found that, during this period, investigations were, predominantly, linked to the categories of culture and knowledge, which were covered by works in all editions. The themes of Cultural Studies, Inter/multiculturality and Coloniality were not present in the investigations of this subfield presented at the EPEA, in the period, being necessary to deepen the extension of this phenomenon in magazines and databases of dissertations and theses, as well as to evaluate the epistemological and sociopolitical developments of the attention that has been given by the field of research in Environmental Education to the perspectives that recognize and give voice to different cultures, aiming to overcome the silencing processes that prevent full participation in decision-making processes and in social life. Such themes have recently appeared in GDP EA and Culturas that value dialogicity and inter/multiculturality, with criticisms of coloniality and expanding the epistemological, political-methodological and ontological possibilities of Environmental Education Research.Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el tema Educación Ambiental y Culturas, con énfasis en los trabajos presentados desde la primera Reunión de Investigación en Educación Ambiental, en 2001, hasta las reflexiones que ocurrieron en el Grupo de Discusión de Investigación de este subcampo de investigación, durante el X EPEA del año 2019. Además de dar cuenta de las discusiones, el artículo se centra en la evolución de los temas de las obras relacionadas con las culturas, presentadas en las primeras cuatro ediciones de EPEA (2001-2007), en un estado modesto de arte realizado utilizando términos de búsqueda relacionados con el tema, presente en sus resúmenes. Descubrimos que, durante este período, las investigaciones estaban predominantemente vinculadas a las categorías de cultura y conocimiento, que estaban cubiertas por obras en todas las ediciones. Los temas de Estudios Culturales, Inter/multiculturalidad y Colonialidad no estuvieron presentes en las investigaciones de este subcampo presentado en el EPEA, en el período, siendo necesario profundizar la extensión de este fenómeno en revistas y bases de datos de disertaciones y tesis, así como evaluar los desarrollos epistemológicos y sociopolíticos de la atención que ha brindado el campo de la investigación en Educación Ambiental a las perspectivas que reconocen y dan voz a las diferentes culturas, con el objetivo de superar los procesos de silenciamiento que impiden la plena participación en los procesos de toma de decisiones y en la vida social. Tales temas han aparecido recientemente en GDP EA y Culturas que valoran la dialogicidad y la inter/multiculturalidad, con críticas a la colonialidad y ampliando las posibilidades epistemológicas, político-metodológicas y ontológicas de la Investigación en Educación Ambiental.Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a temática Educação Ambiental e Culturas, com ênfase nos trabalhos apresentados desde o primeiro Encontro Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental (EPEA), em 2001, até as reflexões ocorridas no Grupo de Discussão de Pesquisas (GDP) desse subcampo de pesquisa, durante o X EPEA, realizado em 2019. Para além de trazer um relato das discussões, o artigo se debruça sobre a evolução das temáticas dos trabalhos relacionados às culturas, apresentados nas quatro primeiras edições do EPEA (2001-2007), em um modesto estado da arte realizado por meio de termos de busca ligados à temática, presentes em seus resumos. Constatamos que, nesse período, as investigações estavam ligadas predominantemente às categorias cultura e saberes, que foram contempladas por trabalhos em todas as edições. Os temas dos Estudos Culturais, Inter/ multiculturalidade e Colonialidade não estiveram presentes nas investigações desse subcampo apresentadas no EPEA, no período, sendo necessário aprofundar a extensão desse fenômeno em revistas e bancos de dissertações e teses, bem como avaliar os desdobramentos epistemológicos e sociopolíticos da atenção que tem sido conferida pelo campo da pesquisa em Educação Ambiental às perspectivas que reconhecem e conferem a voz às diferentes culturas, visando superar os processos de silenciamento que impedem a participação plena nos processos decisórios e na vida social. Temáticas tais que aparecem recentemente no GDP EA e Culturas que valorizam a dialogicidade e a inter/multiculturalidade, com críticas à colonialidade e ampliando as possibilidades epistemológicas, político-metodológicas e ontológicas da Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental

Activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation in Erythrina velutina Willd. seeds subjected to abiotic stresses during germination

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different abiotic stresses on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and on accumulation of proline in Erythrina velutina Willd. seeds during germination. Mulungu seeds were scarified and placed to germinate at constant temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 ºC, moistened with distilled water, and exposed to 12 h of light. Other seeds were exposed to solutions of NaCl (EC of 0, 4, and 8 dS.m-1) and polyethylene glycol (osmotic potentials of 0.0, -0.2, and - 0.6 MPa) and maintained in a germination chamber set at 25 ºC and 12 h photoperiod for seven days. At the end of each period of imbibition, the embryonic axis and cotyledons of the seedlings were collected separately and used to quantify proline content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These were detected in both the cotyledons and embryonic axis of the mulungu seeds. Antioxidant activity varied depending upon the type and degree of stress applied. It was concluded that under the aspect of the detoxification process, the mechanism found in mulungu seeds is more efficient when subjected to different temperatures followed by salt stress and water stress

Physiological Potential of Seeds of <i>Handroanthus spongiosus</i> (Rizzini) S. Grose (Bignoniaceae) Determined by the Tetrazolium Test

Tetrazolium test (TZT) can quickly evaluate in detail the viability and vigor of seeds. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for conducting the TZT on seeds of Handroanthus spongiosus. For this purpose, seeds from three lots were pre-soaked in water for 16 h, followed by extraction of the tegument and immersion in tetrazolium salt solutions at different concentrations (0.01–0.1%), for increasing periods (1–4 h) and at 30 °C in the dark. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with 25 seeds per repetition. We applied generalized linear models and the Tukey test for pairwise comparisons of the means at 5% probability. The viability/vigor results were compared with data obtained from the germination test at 25 °C using a subsample of seeds from the same lots. The time (1 h to 4 h) of immersion of the seeds in tetrazolium salt solutions did not cause a clear coloration difference. The seeds subjected to all treatment concentrations for 3 h presented average viability greater than 60%, with no difference in germination percentage. The TZT at 0.01% tetrazolium salt solution for 3 h was most efficient in assessing the viability of the Handroanthus spongiosus seeds

Physiological quality of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) seeds subjected to different storage conditions

Studies of seed physiological processes represent the starting point for the sustainable utilization of native or cultivated plant species from the caatinga biome for which germination studies are still scarce. In order to determine adequate methods for the conservation of Gliricidia sepium seeds, the physiological quality of propagules exposed to different conditions and times of storage were examined. Recently collected seeds of G. sepium were analyzed immediately, while the other sample was stored for three, six, nine, or twelve months in plastic or paper bags under refrigeration or at room temperature for further analysis. The germination rates of seeds from each storage regime were determined and these rates compared to their water content. It was observed that germination capacity was directly related to changes in seed humidity. Storing seeds in plastic bags yielded the best conservation, mainly when they were stored at low temperatures. However, even at temperatures near 25°C it was possible to prolong seed viability when their water content was controlled through the use of impermeable packing

Seed quality of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Sm. (Fabaceae) is influenced by storage condition

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage conditions on the germination of A. cearensis seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized into split plots over time with four replicates. The storage conditions of the airtight containers in the refrigerator and laboratory, paper bags in the laboratory and liquid nitrogen were assessed for 27 months. In the laboratory, we evaluated the germination, the germination rate, uniformity of germination, and total soluble and reducing sugars in the radicle. In the greenhouse, we evaluated seedling emergence, emergence rate and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Seeds stored in the refrigerator maintained a high initial germination rate, which decreased from the 21st month. Seeds stored in paper bags in the laboratory showed low emergence and small seedlings. Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were mobilized when the seeds were stored at low temperatures. Thus, it is not advisable to store A. cearensis seeds in a laboratory environment without airtight containers. A. cearensis seeds kept in a refrigerated environment maintained their viability for at least two years

Seed quality of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Sm. (Fabaceae) is influenced by storage condition

<div><p>Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage conditions on the germination of A. cearensis seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized into split plots over time with four replicates. The storage conditions of the airtight containers in the refrigerator and laboratory, paper bags in the laboratory and liquid nitrogen were assessed for 27 months. In the laboratory, we evaluated the germination, the germination rate, uniformity of germination, and total soluble and reducing sugars in the radicle. In the greenhouse, we evaluated seedling emergence, emergence rate and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Seeds stored in the refrigerator maintained a high initial germination rate, which decreased from the 21st month. Seeds stored in paper bags in the laboratory showed low emergence and small seedlings. Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were mobilized when the seeds were stored at low temperatures. Thus, it is not advisable to store A. cearensis seeds in a laboratory environment without airtight containers. A. cearensis seeds kept in a refrigerated environment maintained their viability for at least two years.</p></div