Breakdown and recovery of thin gate oxides

Breakdown events are studied in varying test set-ups with a high time resolution. Often a partial recovery from breakdown is observed\ud within a few ms. Parameters such as device area, stress conditions and parasitic elements prohibit the recovery if they result in a high system impedance. The results suggest the existence of a highly conductive path that can be annihilated during breakdown

Non-uniformly receding contact line breaks axisymmetric flow patterns

We investigate the internal flow pattern of an evaporating droplet using tomographic particle image velocimetry (PIV) when the contact line non-uniformly recedes. We observe a three-dimensional azimuthal vortex pair while the contact line non-uniformly recedes and the symmetry-breaking flow field is maintained during the evaporation. Based on the experimental results, we show that the vorticity magnitude of the internal flow is related to the relative contact line motion. Furthermore, to explain how the azimuthal vortex pair flow is created, we develop a theoretical model by taking into account the relation between the contact line motion and evaporating flux. Finally, we show that the theoretical model has a good agreement with experimental results

Sensitivity and specificity of single IgA and IgG antibody concentrations for early diagnosis of pertussis in adults: an evaluation for outbreak management in public health practice

Background: An accurate, practical laboratory test is needed to confirm clinical diagnosis of pertussis in adults during the first 3 symptomatic weeks, when treatment is effective and transmission can be interrupted. Methods: The sensitivity and specificity of single IgA and IgG levels were assessed in a cohort study of a pertussis epidemic in 99 adults in a closed community. Sensitivities were assessed in the sera of 46 laboratory confirmed clinical pertussis cases during the first 3 weeks. Specificities were calculated in sera of 35 asymptomatic controls without clinical symptoms or laboratory confirmed infections from the same community (internal contro

Sensitivity and specificity of single IgA and IgG antibody concentrations for early diagnosis of pertussis in adults: an evaluation for outbreak management in public health practice

Background: An accurate, practical laboratory test is needed to confirm clinical diagnosis of pertussis in adults during the first 3 symptomatic weeks, when treatment is effective and transmission can be interrupted. Methods: The sensitivity and specificity of single IgA and IgG levels were assessed in a cohort study of a pertussis epidemic in 99 adults in a closed community. Sensitivities were assessed in the sera of 46 laboratory confirmed clinical pertussis cases during the first 3 weeks. Specificities were calculated in sera of 35 asymptomatic controls without clinical symptoms or laboratory confirmed infections from the same community (internal contro

Lattice QCD calculation of Bˉ→Dlνˉ\bar{B}\to Dl\bar{\nu} decay form factors at zero recoil

A lattice QCD calculation of the $\bar{B}\to Dl\bar{\nu}$ decay form factors is presented. We obtain the value of the form factor $h_+(w)$ at the zero-recoil limit $w=1$ with high precision by considering a ratio of correlation functions in which the bulk of the uncertainties cancels. The other form factor $h_-(w)$ is calculated, for small recoil momenta, from a similar ratio. In both cases, the heavy quark mass dependence is observed through direct calculations with several combinations of initial and final heavy quark masses. Our results are $h_+(1) = 1.007(6)(2)(3)$ and $h_-(1)=-0.107(28)(04)(^{10}_{30})$. For both the first error is statistical, the second stems from the uncertainty in adjusting the heavy quark masses, and the last from omitted radiative corrections. Combining these results, we obtain a precise determination of the physical combination $F_{B\to D}(1)=1.058(^{20}_{17})$, where the mentioned systematic errors are added in quadrature. The dependence on lattice spacing and the effect of quenching are not yet included, but with our method they should be a fraction of $F_{B\to D}-1$.Comment: 32 pp, 10 figs; final, published versio

Technical Design Report for the PANDA Solenoid and Dipole Spectrometer Magnets

This document is the Technical Design Report covering the two large spectrometer magnets of the PANDA detector set-up. It shows the conceptual design of the magnets and their anticipated performance. It precedes the tender and procurement of the magnets and, hence, is subject to possible modifications arising during this process.Comment: 10 pages, 14MB, accepted by FAIR STI in May 2009, editors: Inti Lehmann (chair), Andrea Bersani, Yuri Lobanov, Jost Luehning, Jerzy Smyrski, Technical Coordiantor: Lars Schmitt, Bernd Lewandowski (deputy), Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy

Progress report no. 1

Statement of responsibility on title-page reads: Editors: I.A. Forbes, M.J. Driscoll, D.D. Lanning, I. Kaplan, N.C. Rasmussen; Contributors: S.A. Ali, S.T. Brewer, D.K. Choi, F.M. Clikeman, W.R. Corcoran, M.J. Driscoll, I.A. Forbes, C.W. Forsberg, S.L. Ho, C.S. Kang, I. Kaplan, J.L. Klucar, D.D. Lanning, T.C. Leung, E.L. McFarland P.G. Mertens, N.R. Ortiz, A. Pant, N.A. Passman, N.C. Rasmussen, M.K. Sheaffer, D.A. Shupe, G.E. Sullivan, A.T. Supple, J.W. Synan, C.P. Tzanos, W.J. Westlake"MIT-4105-3."Includes bibliographical referencesProgress report; June 30, 1970U.S. Atomic Energy Commission contracts: AT(30-1)410

The Effects of Biting and Pulling on the Forces Generated during Feeding in the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis)

In addition to biting, it has been speculated that the forces resulting from pulling on food items may also contribute to feeding success in carnivorous vertebrates. We present an in vivo analysis of both bite and pulling forces in Varanus komodoensis, the Komodo dragon, to determine how they contribute to feeding behavior. Observations of cranial modeling and behavior suggest that V. komodoensis feeds using bite force supplemented by pulling in the caudal/ventrocaudal direction. We tested these observations using force gauges/transducers to measure biting and pulling forces. Maximum bite force correlates with both body mass and total body length, likely due to increased muscle mass. Individuals showed consistent behaviors when biting, including the typical medial-caudal head rotation. Pull force correlates best with total body length, longer limbs and larger postcranial motions. None of these forces correlated well with head dimensions. When pulling, V. komodoensis use neck and limb movements that are associated with increased caudal and ventral oriented force. Measured bite force in Varanus komodoensis is similar to several previous estimations based on 3D models, but is low for its body mass relative to other vertebrates. Pull force, especially in the ventrocaudal direction, would allow individuals to hunt and deflesh with high success without the need of strong jaw adductors. In future studies, pull forces need to be considered for a complete understanding of vertebrate carnivore feeding dynamics