A Novel Third Order Numerical Method for Solving Volterra Integro-Differential Equations

In this paper we introduce a numerical method for solving nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations. In the first step, we apply implicit trapezium rule to discretize the integral in given equation. Further, the Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari technique (DJM) is used to find the unknown term on the right side. We derive existence-uniqueness theorem for such equations by using Lipschitz condition. We further present the error, convergence, stability and bifurcation analysis of the proposed method. We solve various types of equations using this method and compare the error with other numerical methods. It is observed that our method is more efficient than other numerical methods

HUBUNGAN KEKERASAN VERBAL ORANG TUA DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA 6-12 TAHUN DI DESA KULU KECAMATAN LARIANG

Kekerasan verbal merupakan perkataan buruk yang sering diucapkan sehingga dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya perkembangan kognitif seperti kurangnya percaya diri, perasaan tertekan dan gangguan emosi. Dari hasil observasi peneliti pada tempat penelitian didapatkan beberapa anak mengalami kekerasan verbal dimana anak sering berkata kasar, menarik diri dari lingkungan dan anak mengalami penurunan prestasi disekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Hubungan kekerasan verbal orang tua dengan perkembangan kognitif anak usia 6-12 tahun di Desa Kulu Kecamatan Lariang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan  desain pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 106 anak yang mengalami kekerasan verbal, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling menggunakan rumus slovin maka didapatkan sampel berjumlah 52 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan sebagian besar responden mendapatkan kekerasan verbal orang tua dengan kategori sedang sebanyak 31 anak dengan persentase 59,6% dan sebagian besar perkembangan kognitif anak usia 6-12 tahun di Desa Kulu Kecamatan Lariang berkategori baik sebanyak 30 anak dengan persentase 57,7% didapatkan p value 0,037 artinya kurang dari 0,05 maka Ha diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adanya hubungan antara kekerasan verbal orang tua dengan perkembangan kognitif anak usia 6-12 tahun di Desa Kulu Kecamatan Lariang. Saran dari penelitian ini bagi masyarakat diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan informasi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kekerasan verbal orang tua dan perkembangan kognitif anak

Effects of Flaxseed on Lipid Profile in Native American Postmenopausal Women

A large number of Native American postmenopausal women have one or more risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. This study was designed to investigate whether incorporation of 25 to 30 g of flaxseed per day, a rich source of lignans, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber for a period of 3 months into the diet of Native American postmenopausal women positively affect lipid and glucose profiles. Forty mild to moderately hypercholesterolemic and/or hyperglycemic Native American postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to the control (A), flaxseed (B) or flaxseed + additional fiber (C) groups. Both the flaxseed groups reduced total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by approximately 7% and 9%, respectively. However, flaxseed had no effect on blood glucose. The findings of this study indicate that daily consumption of flaxseed is beneficial in improving the lipid profiles of Native American postmenopausal women. Supported in part, by a grant from OCAST (Grant #HR03-070)Department of Nutritional Science

Effects from Time Dependence of Ice Nucleus Activity for Contrasting Cloud Types

The role of time-dependent freezing of ice nucleating particles (INPs) is evaluated with the “Aerosol–Cloud” (AC) model in 1) deep convection observed over Oklahoma during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Cloud Experiment (MC3E), 2) orographic clouds observed over North California during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX), and 3) supercooled, stratiform clouds over the United Kingdom, observed during the Aerosol Properties, Processes And Influences on the Earth’s climate (APPRAISE) campaign. AC uses the dynamical core of the WRF Model and has hybrid bin–bulk microphysics and a 3D mesoscale domain. AC is validated against coincident aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations for all three cases. Filtered concentrations of ice (.0.1–0.2 mm) agree with those observed at all sampled levels. AC predicts the INP activity of various types of aerosol particles with an empirical parameterization (EP), which follows a singular approach (no time dependence). Here, the EP is modified to represent time-dependent INP activity by a purely empirical approach, using our published laboratory observations of time-dependent INP activity. In all simulated clouds, the inclusion of time dependence increases the predicted INP activity of mineral dust particles by 0.5–1 order of magnitude. However, there is little impact on the cloud glaciation because the total ice is mostly (80%–90%) from secondary ice production (SIP) at levels warmer than about 2368C. The Hallett–Mossop process and fragmentation in ice–ice collisions together initiate about 70% of the total ice, whereas fragmentation during both raindrop freezing and sublimation contributes ,10%. Overall, total ice concentrations and SIP are unaffected by time-dependent INP activity. In the simulated APPRAISE case, the main causes of persistence of long-lived clouds and precipitation are predicted to be SIP in weak embedded convection and reactivation following recirculation of dust particles in supercooled layer cloud

Critical review of Sootshekhar Rasa w.s.r. to Rasayogsagar

Ayurveda is the oldest surviving complete medical system in the world. Rasashastra and Bhashjya Kalpana is one of the important branches of Ayurveda that deals with the pharmaceutical processing, preparation of compound medicines and therapeutic utility of metals and minerals. Sootshekhar Rasa is an important formulation in the practice of Ayurveda. There are 3 different Patha Bheda in Rasayogsagar of Sootshekhar Rasa. The article mainly compiles review of 3 Patha Bheda of Sootshekhar Rasa from Rasayogsagar

Musk Rose (Rosa moschata) Grown at Middle Hill Climatic Conditions of the Western Himalayas: A Rich Source of Anti-Oxidants and Nutrients

236-243Musk rose (Rosa moschata) is an important wild aromatic climbing shrub of Rosaceae family. Scant scientific information is available on phyto-chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the Himalayan plant. Here we report, nutrient compositions, antioxidant constituents and activities of the different plant parts like leaves, petals, and rest of the flower parts of musk rose. Chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids contents were significantly higher in the mature leaves (2113.1 and 125.2 mg/g fresh weight respectively). The mature leaves also contained significantly higher amount of ascorbic acid (227.0 mg/100g) followed by the dried petals (141.6 mg/100g). The total antioxidant activity, determined based on ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging ability, was higher in the hydro-alcoholic extracts from dried petals, dried flowers and mature leaves than that in the other parts. Analysis of the extracts from the dried petals revealed significantly higher contents of phenolics (62.9 mg/g), flavonoids (23.7 mg/g), tannins (133.8 mg/g), total carbohydrates (191.6 mg/g) and soluble protein (49.3 mg/g). The mature leaves were found to be the next richer sources for these nutrients. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlation of total antioxidant activities and the antioxidant constituents of the plant extract suggesting contribution of these compounds to the higher antioxidant activities. Thus, the phyto-chemical composition analyses suggest dried petals and mature leaves as potential natural sources of the nutrients and antioxidants. The study may further enhance utility of the Himalayan plant as source for preparing alternative natural medicines and functional foods