Fiscal Discipline and Social Capital: Evidence from Europe during the Last Economic Crisis and Recovery

The purpose of the current paper is to investigate the possible relationship between fiscal discipline and social capital in EU member states during the last economic crisis and recovery, along with the assessment of the initial welfare effects of fiscal stimulus measures. Preliminary results show that institutional trust and general trust as social capital indicators associate positively with the extent of fiscal stimulus, while governance indicators show negative correlations. However, the significance of these results is relatively low and the subject needs thus further investigation. Further, it appeared that fiscal stimulus had weak positive effect on short-term recovery of GDP and employment, but not on medium-term GDP growth potential

Arenguökonoomika

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1212151~S1*es

Majandusõpetus

Õppeprotsess on üles ehitatud vastavalt gümnaasiumi riiklikus õppekavas (VV määrus nr. 2, 06.01.2011, lisa 10) esitatud majandusõpetuse aine teemadele. E-kursuse ülesehitus ja teemade käsitlus on ühtlustatud gümnaasiumi ettevõtlusõpetuse kursusega (aine P2TP.TK.056) selliselt, et nad koos moodustavad ühtse terviku gümnaasiumi valikaine "Majandus- ja ettevõtlusõpe" õppimiseks.BeSt programmi toetusel loodud e-kursuse "Majandusõpetus" õppematerjalid

Sissejuhatus majandusteooriasse

Kopeerimine ja printimine lubatudhttp://www.ester.ee/record=b2073058*es

Sotsiaalkapital, selle allikad ja seosed majanduskasvuga: Lääne-Euroopa riikide ning Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopa riikide võrdlus

The aim of this dissertation was to identify the similarities and differences between Western European (WE) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries concerning the composition, determinants and economic effects of social capital. The actuality of the topic is related to the growing awareness of the importance of social context and intangible assets in the process of economic development. Analysing the determinants and economic effects of social capital concurrently in the same study enables to propose the policies that support the accumulation of those forms of social capital that are beneficial to economic growth. The research confirmed that social capital is a multidimensional concept which is empirically stable in different countries. It was proved that different components of social capital have different sources, which can additionally differ in different country groups and different levels of analysis. The social capital components with the most widespread effect on economic growth, including both direct and indirect influence channels, were helping, political activity and social norms. The direct effect of social capital on economic growth and human capital appeared to be different in WE and CEE countries, while indirect effect through investments was rather similar. The main theoretical contribution of this dissertation lies in creating an integrated framework that connects social capital components simultaneously with their determinants and economic effects. This framework was implemented for investigating the similarities and differences in social capital between WE and CEE countries. In terms of empirical contribution, the results in this dissertation support some previous findings, but provide also new knowledge on the topic in the substantially extended framework.Üha enam teadvustatakse, et inimese osa majanduses ei piirdu vaid füüsilist kapitali vahendava tööjõu ja oskusteabe kandja rolliga, vaid et majandusprotsesside toimimist mõjutavad ka inimeste sotsiaalsed suhted ühiskonnas. Üldistatult tähistatakse terminiga „sotsiaalkapital” sotsiaalseid võrgustikke ja neis tekkivat ning levivat vastastikkust usaldust, ühiseid norme ja väärtushinnanguid, mis soodustavad koostööd ning võimaldavad saavutada kõrgemat heaolutaset nii indiviidi, grupi kui ühiskonna tasandil. Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada Lääne-Euroopa (LE) ning Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopa (KIE) riikide sarnasused ja erinevused sotsiaalkapitali struktuuris ja allikates ning mõjus majanduskasvule. Empiirilise analüüsi tulemusena selgus, et kuigi sotsiaalkapitali struktuur on KIE ja LE riikides ühesugune, on selle erinevate komponentide tasemed ja suhteline olulisus vaadeldud riikide gruppides erinevad. Sotsiaalkapitali allikate analüüs tõi esile nii sarnasusi kui erinevusi riikide gruppides ja analüüsitasandite lõikes. Ilmnes, et sotsiaalkapitali mõju majanduskasvule – nii otsene kui kaudne – toimib peamiselt sotsiaalsete normide ja poliitilise aktiivsuse kaudu. Nende komponentide otsene mõju majanduskasvule ja inimkapitalile oli LE ja KIE riikides erinev, kuid investeeringuid mõjutas sotsiaalkapital mõlemas riikide grupis sarnaselt. Töös loodud ühtne analüüsiraamistik sotsiaalkapitali allikate ja majanduslike mõjude uurimiseks võimaldab kujunevate seosahelate alusel anda poliitikasoovitusi eelistatud arengueesmärkide paremaks saavutamiseks. Empiiriline analüüs täiendab varasemaid uuringuid eelkõige uute esilekerkinud vastuoludega, mis tulenevad KIE ja LE riikide erinevustest ning sunnivad edaspidistes uuringutes tähelepanelikumalt jälgima sotsiaalkapitali mõjude võimalikke erinevusi erineva taustaga riikides

Socialinio kapitalo įtaka ekonomikos plėtrai pereinamosios ekonomikos šalyse

Current interest in the concept of social capital in the field of economic development stems from the limitations of prevailing economic approach toward the achievement of the basic developmental goals - sustained growth, equity, and democracy. The purpose of the current study is to analyse the effects of social capital and related institutional factors on the development process. Both theoretical and empirical findings suggest that these effects could be different in transition countries, compared to mature market economies.Straipsnio tikslas - išanalizuoti socialinio kapitalo ir kai kurių institucinių veiksnių įtaką ekonomikos plėtrai. Socialinis kapitalas traktuojamas kaip itin svarbus pilietinės visuomenės gyvybingumui. Gyvybingoje visuomenėje turi vykti nuolatinis valstybės ir jos piliečių dialogas ir bendradarbiavimas. Straipsnyje akcentuojami socialinio kapitalo procesai Europos pokomunistinėse valstybėse.Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje nagrinėjama socialinio kapitalo samprata ir pagrindiniai jo komponentai sociologų, politikų ir ekonomistų vertinimu. Antrojoje analizuojami alternatyvūs kanalai, per kuriuos įvairūs socialinio kapitalo elementai gali daryti įtaką visuomenės raidai. Trečioje dalyje, remintis įvairių autorių empiriniais tyrimais, ieškoma atsakymo į klausimą, kodėl teoriniai priklausomybės tarp socialinio kapitalo ir visuomenės raidos teiginiai neatitinka pokomunistinių šalių tendencijų

Õppejõudude arusaam probleemõppest, selle vajalikkusest ning rakendamist toetavatest ja takistavatest teguritest Tartu Ülikooli sotsiaalvaldkonna näitel

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5510333*es

The dynamics and determinants of social capital in the European Union and neighbouring countries. Summary: Sotsiaalkapitali dünaamika ja determinandid: EL vanade ja uute liikmesriikide ning nende naaberriikide võrdlus

This empirical study investigates the dynamics and the determinants of social capital in Europe over the period 1990-2008, using empirical data from EVS. Methodologically, factor analysis and regression analysis are implemented. The analysis covers 20 Western-European countries, 10 new member states and 15 EU neighbouring countries. Comparison of the levels of social capital showed that, with few exceptions, the levels of social capital are lower in Eastern Europe as compared to the old member states in Western Europe. Regression results of the determinants of social capital showed that most influential factors of social capital are education and satisfaction with democracy. It follows that investments in educational system and improving democratization processes could increase the level of social capital as an important factor of economic development

The effect of social capital on investments: evidence from Europe. Sotsiaalkapitali mõju investeeringutele Euroopa riikide näitel

The purpose of the current paper is to investigate empirically the effect of social capital on investments as a key production factor. Theoretically, investments are expected to be higher in societies where there is more social capital between economic agents. Based on the data from World Values Survey, ten components of social capital are considered as factors of investments. Although the regression results are rather mixed, it can be generalised that components related to trust and norms dominate as predictors of overall investment activity, while networks have some effect only for foreign investments. Additionally, it appeared that the relationship between social capital and investments is similar in democratic Western European countries and Central and Eastern European countries with communist backgroun

The effect of social capital on investments: evidence from Europe. Sotsiaalkapitali mõju investeeringutele Euroopa riikide näitel

The purpose of the current paper is to investigate empirically the effect of social capital on investments as a key production factor. Theoretically, investments are expected to be higher in societies where there is more social capital between economic agents. Based on the data from World Values Survey, ten components of social capital are considered as factors of investments. Although the regression results are rather mixed, it can be generalised that components related to trust and norms dominate as predictors of overall investment activity, while networks have some effect only for foreign investments. Additionally, it appeared that the relationship between social capital and investments is similar in democratic Western European countries and Central and Eastern European countries with communist backgroun